Anti-txhuam ntawv uas siv: ib tug txheej txheem cej luam, cov khoom thiab cov kev siv

Tus txheej txheem ntawm lub lag luam ntawm kev units, cov cav tov thiab ib tug neeg caij pawg ntawm cov khoom yog inevitably nrog coj. Kev sib nrig sib kho tshuab txiav txim cov khoom uas ua degrees ntawm siv rau txhua lub lwm yam ua rau puas ntawm lawv tej chaw thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm sab hauv kev teeb tsa. Ntxiv mus, zoo xws li cov nyhuv muaj feem ntau thiab cov ib puag ncig nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm yaig thiab cavitation. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, muaj ib tug tsis ntawm kev kawm kos duab, los yog tsawg kawg yog ib yuav txo tau ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm zog. Cov nram qab no xyuas hmoov tsis sib haum xeeb thiab anti-kev sib txhuam cov ntaub ntawv yuav pab kom to taub txoj kev uas txo undesirable kev sib txhuam. Tej ntaub ntawv pom zoo rau cov kev siv thiab kom muaj cov khoom thiab cov tsev khoom siv, raws li tau zoo raws li lub tsev cov cuab yeej.

Txawv ntawm kev sib txhuam thiab anti-kev sib txhuam cov khoom siv

Kev saib xyuas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus teb ntawm ib tug vim lub fact tias lawv muaj nuj nqi yog hais txog ib tug general cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov mechanisms - kev sib txhuam. Tab sis, yog hais tias anti-kev sib txhuam yam thiab additives yog lub luag hauj lwm rau cov thawj ntawm cov nqi, cov kev sib txhuam - nyob rau tsis tooj, ua rau kom nws. Yog li, piv txwv li, hlau hmoov nrog ib tug muaj zog coefficient ntawm tsis sib haum xeeb muab puas kuj thiab txhua yam dag lub zog ntawm lub hom phiaj workgroup. Yuav kom tau raws li cov thaj chaw ntawm lub tsis sib haum xeeb ntaub ntawv ua refractory oxides, carbides, boron, silicon thiab lwm tus neeg. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub anti-kev sib txhuam ntsiab, lub tsis sib haum xeeb thiab feem ntau yog tag nrho tej qhov ntsiab nyob rau hauv lub mechanism. Qhov no, nyob rau hauv particular, tej zaum yuav brakes thiab clutch.

Muab ib qho teeb meem zuj zus lub tsis sib haum xeeb, lawv khiav lag luam nyob rau hauv thaum uas tig mus thiab qhia txog tej kev teeb meem. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, kev sib txhuam thiab anti-kev sib txhuam ntaub ntawv ua ntej yuav siv pass kev kawm laboratory kev ntsuam xyuas. Cov alloys kuaj brakes situ thiab lub rooj ntev zaum kev ntsuam xyuas, thaum lub sij hawm uas txiav txim tus expediency ntawm lawv cov kev siv nyob rau hauv xyaum. Qhov tseem technologically advanced txhuam ntaub ntawv ntawm polymers hnub no yog ua los ntawm txawv txoj kev. Yog li, tus nres band mechanism siv compaction khoom - nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ua pawm no ntau npau, daim hlau thiab sectors. Siv cov ntaub ntawv no yog ua los ntawm woven technology, thiab linings - los ntawm dov.

Cov khoom ntawm anti-kev sib txhuam ntaub ntawv

Paub meej nrog anti-kev sib txhuam ua yuav tsum tau ua raws li nrog ib tug ntau yam uas yuav tsum tau, defining lawv cov kev ua hauj lwm zoo. Tus thawj cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav tsum tau tshaj lub mating qhov chaw, thiab mus rau lub chaw ua hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm compatibility ua ntej thiab tom qab burnishing khoom muab cov kev kawm degree ntawm kev sib txhuam yuav txo tau. Ntawm no nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg khiav-xws li. Qhov no tej khoom vaj tse thiab txiav txim seb lub caij lub peev xwm los lawm kho cov geometry ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub pom zoo uas yog haum rau lub operating qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, lub workpiece yog erased redundant qauv nrog me me irregularities, tom qab uas lub hlawv-nyob rau hauv lub lag luam yuav muab tej yam kev mob muaj tsawg heev tom.

Hnav kuj - tseem ceeb heev vaj tse muaj los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Anti-txhuam ntsiab yuav tsum muaj ib tug qauv uas muaj kuj yuav sib txawv ntawm cov coj. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, qhov khoom yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav ib yam nkaus thiab txhav thiab nyuaj, raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yuav ua rau kom txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm jamming, uas yog tsis zoo rau cov anti-kev sib txhuam cov khoom siv. Ntxiv mus, technology yog cais xws li ib tug vaj tse, lub haum ntawm cov khoom hais. Lub fact tias cov kev sib txhuam rau cov zaubmov, yuav ua rau kom qhov qee ntawm me me ntsiab - tej zaum hlau. Nyob rau hauv lem, tus antifriction nto muaj lub peev xwm "su" ntawd nyob rau hauv xws hais lawv tus kheej, xa lawv los ntawm lub ntshoo.

Hlau anti-kev sib txhuam ntaub ntawv

Cov khoom siv raws li nyob rau hauv ib tug hlau tshwm sim tawm lub feem ntau sab spectrum ntawm anti-kev sib txhuam cov ntsiab ntawm cov pab pawg neeg. Feem ntau ntawm lawv teem rau lub lag luam nyob rau hauv cov kua kev sib txhuam hom, uas yog, nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob nyob qhov twg hauv lub bearings yog sib cais los ntawm ib tug nyias roj txheej yob. Tsis tau thaum siv ceev xwmphem thiab pib lub tshuab inevitably tshwm sim ib tug thiaj li hu ua ciam sib txhuam tsoom fwv, nyob rau hauv uas cov roj zaj duab xis yuav degraded los ntawm high kub. Nws yog xim hlau qhov chaw siv nyob rau hauv lub kev coj tus kheej pab pawg yuav tsum tau muab faib mus rau hauv ob hom: lub ntsiab nrog ib tug mos mos ntxhib los mos thiab khoom inserts thiab alloys nrog ib tug txhav substrate thiab ib tug mos mos inserts. Yog hais tias peb tham txog cov thawj pab pawg neeg, raws li anti-kev sib txhuam ntaub ntawv yuav siv tau babbitt hlau, tooj dag thiab bronze alloys. Tsaug rau qhov muag qauv, lawv sai sai burnished thiab rau ib ntev lub sij hawm khaws cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov roj zaj duab xis. Nyob rau lwm cov tes, cov khoom inclusions ua kom muaj zog coj vim cov neeg kho tshuab kev sib cuag nrog nyob ib sab hais - piv txwv li, nrog rau cov tib ncej.

Nyob rau hauv hais babbitt hlau, uas tas lub hauv paus ntawm cov hlau lead los yog tin. Tsis tas li ntawd, rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev txhim kho cov qualities ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv cov qauv yuav muab ntxiv alloying alloys. Cov pab zog yuav hais xeb kuj, hardness, toughness thiab lub dag lub zog. Hloov ib tug los yog lwm cov yam ntxwv yog txiav txim los ntawm cov uas alloying ntaub ntawv siv. Antifriction babbits tej zaum yuav hloov cadmium, npib tsib xee, tooj liab, antimony thiab cov zoo li. D. Piv txwv li, tus qauv babbit muaj txog 80% tin los yog lead, 10% antimony thiab qhov nqi koj tshuav nyob tooj liab thiab cadmium.

Lead alloys raws li ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm nrhiav kev sib txhuam

Basic paub txog cov hlau lead tau cov kabmob alloys yog babbitt. Affordability txiav txim cov kev siv ntawm cov khoom no - nyob rau hauv lub kawg lub luag hauj lwm txoj hauj lwm khiav dej num. Lead paus piv nrog tin babbit muab tsawg siab txhua yam kuj thiab ib tug uas tsis muaj xeb tiv thaiv. Txawm li cas los, kuj nyob rau hauv xws alloys tsis yog tsis muaj tin - nws cov ntsiab lus tej zaum yuav mus txog 18%. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab nkag tau mus rau hauv lub tooj liab tivthaiv uas tiv thaiv segregation dab - lub sis tsis ncaj tis ntawm cov sib txawv khoom nyob rau hauv cov huab hwm coj ntawm cov hlau screen.

Qhov yooj yim cov hlau lead ntaub ntawv nrog antifriction zog yus siab brittleness, yog li ntawd lawv siv nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob nrog txo dynamic loads. Nyob rau hauv kev, lub bearings rau khiav tshuab, locomotives thiab hnyav engineering Cheebtsam ua li lub hom phiaj me me, qhov twg li no siv. Antifriction alloys nrog calcium daim ntawv thov yuav hu kev hloov kho cov hlau lead alloys. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no cim qualities xws li kev kub ceev thiab tsawg thermal conductivity. Hauv paus raws li yog cov hlau lead, tab sis kuj ntau yam pauv loj qhov chaw ntawm nws complement menyuamuas sodium, calcium thiab antimony. Raws li rau cov tsis muaj zog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom, lawv muaj xws li oxidation, yog li sib active xov xwm siv nws yog tsis pom zoo.

Hais txog babbitt, peb yuav hais tias qhov no yog tsis yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws tshuaj kom txo tau kev sib txhuam, tab sis nyob rau tag nrho cov qualities nws yog ib qho kev zoo los ntawm ib tug ua hauj lwm pom. Qhov no cov ntaub ntawv uas antifriction zog tej zaum yuav pab txhawb los ntawm ib tug txo qaug zog kuj, ntsuas efficiency ntawm lub caij. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, tsis muaj lub dag lub zog compensated rau xam nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm steel los yog cam khwb cia hlau housings.

Nta bronze kabmob alloys

Physico-tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm bronze yog organically ua ke nrog cov ntawv uas cov kev coj tus kheej alloys. Active hlau, nyob rau hauv particular, muab txaus resistivity readings siab, tau kev khiav hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm poob siab loads, kev kub ceev kev sib hloov ntawm cov kabmob thiab thiaj li nyob. D. Tab sis raws li bronze rau xaiv los ntawm ntau yam zog yuav yog nyob ntawm seb nws cov cim. Cov tib hom lag luam inserts nyob rau hauv lub poob siab loads yog siv tau rau kos BrOS30, tab sis yog tsis pom zoo rau Braze. Muaj kuj sib txawv nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawv bronzes ntaub ntawv rau txhua yam khoom. Qhov no pab pawg neeg ntawm cwj pwm yuav yog nyob ntawm seb qhov xwm ntawm interfacing nrog tawv shafts thiab los ntawm kev siv ntawm cov NQHAJ, uas tej zaum yuav muaj ntxiv hardening. Ib zaug ntxiv, peb yuav tsis hais txog lub tsev qauv ntawm cov hlau.

Bronze tais kuj muaj xws li tin, tooj dag, ua. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, Yog hais tias tag nrho cov ntawm cov co muaj peev xwm yuav siv tau raws li ib puag babbitt, anti-kev sib txhuam ntaub ntawv raws li tooj liab yog siv heev tsis tshua muaj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no ib tug tooj liab tivthaiv feem ntau ua raws li ib tug ntxiv nrog tib cov ntsiab lus ntawm 2-3% piv. Lub zoo ua ke ntawm tin-lead inclusions. Lawv muab coob txaus li antifriction hlau tivthaiv, txawm hais tias lwm compositions poob txog txhua yam muaj zog. Ua ke bronze ntaub ntawv no yog siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua monolithic kabmob rau motors, turbines, compressor units thiab lwm yam units uas khiav lag luam ntawm kev kub siab thiab tsis muaj zawv zawg ceev.

Hmoov tsis sib haum xeeb ntaub ntawv

Tej ntaub ntawv no yog siv nyob rau hauv compositions npaj rau cov kis tau tus mob thiab cov braking tsev tracked tsheb, lub tsheb, lub tshuab cov cuab yeej, siv cov cav tov thiab cov zoo li. D. manufactured khoom raws li nyob rau hauv cov hmoov Cheebtsam ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov sector linings thiab disc pawm no ntau npau. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm raw cov ntaub ntawv rau lub antifriction hom hlau hmoov muaj tsim ntawm lub tib lub nomenclature li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv nrog kev sib txhuam yam - feem ntau siv hlau thiab tooj liab, tab sis muaj lwm yam kev sib txuas.

Piv txwv li, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm txhuas thiab tin bronze, uas muaj xws li graphite, ua zoo manifest lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv kev sib txhuam ntawm ib tug zawv zawg ceev kom paub meej txog 50 m / s. Los ntawm txoj kev, thaum lub bearings ntawm ib tug ceev ntawm 5 m / s, hmoov hlau tsab xov xwm tej zaum yuav tau hloov nrog yas raw khoom. Qhov no yog qhov anti-kev sib txhuam puas khoom nrog ib tug saj zawg zog ua hauj lwm qauv thiab txo lub dag lub zog. Txawm li cas los, feem ntau muaj txiaj ntsim nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev siv nyob rau hauv siab kev nyuaj siab yog xam tau tias yog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm hlau thiab tooj liab. Lub additives siv graphite, pob zeb ntais oxide los yog barium. Txoj hauj lwm cov ntaub ntawv khoom muaj nyob rau ntawm ib tug ceev ntawm 300 MPa thiab ib tug zawv zawg ceev ntawm 60 m / s.

Hmoov antifriction ntaub ntawv

Hmoov raw cov ntaub ntawv yog ua thiab anti-kev sib txhuam cov khoom. Lawv tsiag ntawv los ntawm lub siab coj kuj, tsis tshua muaj coefficient ntawm tsis sib haum xeeb thiab muaj peev xwm yoo mov khiav ncej. Tsis tas li ntawd, anti-kev sib txhuam hmoov ntaub ntawv muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm zoo nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog alloys uas txo kev sib txhuam. Suffice nws yuav tau nco ntsoov hais tias lawv endurance kev ua tau zoo los ntawm ib tug nruab nrab ntau dua li nyob rau hauv tib babbitt. Lub ntxeem tau qauv tsim los ntawm cov hmoov hlau, enables npaum impregnation lubricants.

Manufacturers muaj lub sij hawm rau shape qhov kawg khoom nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntaub ntawv. Nws yuav framed los yog matrix qhov chaw nrog intermediate kab noj hniav uas muaj cov lwm yam nyoos so. Rau hauv sib piv, nyob rau hauv tej cheeb tsam ntawm ntau dua kev thov rau anti-kev sib txhuam hmoov ntaub ntawv muaj myagkotelnuyu cev hauv paus. Qhov tshwj xeeb hlwb muab cov khib nyiab ntawm txawv muaj ntau seem ntawm dispersion. Qhov no zoo yog ib yam uas tseem ceeb heev los ntawm tus taw tes ntawm view ntawm tau ntawm kev cai ntawm cov tsis txiav txim rau tus siv ntawm tus txhuam qhov chaw.

Anti-txhuam polymer khoom

Niaj hnub nimno polymeric ntaub ntawv yuav ua rau nws tau mus kis tau tshiab kev thiab kev kawm ntawv qhov chaw rau tej lub tsis sib haum xeeb. Raws li ib lub hauv paus yuav siv tau, thiab puas alloys, thiab hlau hmoov. Ib tug ntawm cov thawj qhov txawv cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no muaj peev xwm tusyees faib lub additive thoob plaws hauv lub qauv, uas yuav mus txuas ntxiv los ua raws li ib tug khoom lubricant. Daim ntawv ntawm tej yam hais graphites, sulphides, yas thiab lwm yam sib txuas. Cov ua hauj lwm thaj chaw ntawm polymer cov ntaub ntawv thiab antifriction lom zem ntau los sib nyob puag theem tsis muaj modifiers: qhov no me me coefficient ntawm tsis sib haum xeeb thiab kuj mus reactive tej kev kawm, thiab muaj peev xwm ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv aqueous nruab nrab. Yog hais tias peb tham txog cov cim qualities ntawm lub polymers yuav ua lawv paub tab txawm tsis muaj qhov cuab lub zog nrog tshwj xeeb roj.

Daim ntawv thov cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam

Feem ntau ntawm cov anti-kev sib txhuam ntsiab Ameslikas xam nyob rau kev siv ntawm kev coj tus kheej pab pawg. Ntawm lawv yog cov lub ntsiab lus tsim lug txhim khu cov coj tsis kam, thiab lub Cheebtsam, ris hauv qab. Nyob rau hauv tshuab thiab cov khoom xws li yog siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua cav pistons khuam pob caus ntawd, turbines thiab cov zoo li. D. Ntawm no paus consumables antifriction ntaub ntawv comprise zawv zawg bearings uas yog nkag tau rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov chassis thiab cov chaw cov khoom.

Cov kev siv kev lag luam, ib yam nkaus thiab, tsis yog tsis muaj anti-kev sib txhuam muaj nuj nqi. Siv xws chaw yog ntxiv dag zog rau engineering lug, lub mounting lug thiab masonry cov ntaub ntawv. Cov kev siv ntawm railways yog siv rau cov installation ntawm cov yam ntxwv hais txog qhov dov Tshuag. Common thiab kev siv cov antifriction khoom rau polymeric hauv paus, uas nrhiav tau lawv qhov chaw, xws li ib tug losis tswvyim dabtsi qauv Pulleys, zog, siv drives thiab cov zoo li. D.

xaus

kev sib txhuam kom txhob muaj neeg ua hauj lwm tsuas yog nyob rau thawj nuam tej zaum nws yuav zoo li theem nrab thiab feem ntau xaiv teb tau. Txhim kho kev lubricating kua yeej yuav tshem tawm ib co ntawm cov mechanisms txhawb kev hais, thiaj li hnav rau cov tub ntxhais ua hauj lwm pab pawg neeg. Transitive txuas ntawm classical babbit ib tug hloov siab nyeem tej zaum yuav hais antifriction polymeric ntaub ntawv yus los ntawm ib tug softer qauv thiab versatility nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm. Cuaj kaum, tus ua hauj lwm ntawm cov hlau qhov chaw nyob rau kev kub siab thiab lub cev tej yam tseem yuav tsum tau rau lub xam nrog ntawm cov khoom anti-kev sib txhuam pawm no ntau npau. Ntxiv mus, qhov no hauv chav kawm ntawv uas muaj ntaub ntawv yog tsis tsuas rooted nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm, tab sis kuj muaj vim zoo zog yam ntxwv, hardness thiab txhua yam stability.