Cov liab xav tias tsam lawv

Tus liab xav tias tsam lawv nyob rau hauv Russia yog ib tug complex ntawm punitive ntsuas, uas yog siv los ntawm lub Bolsheviks thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog, 1917-23 xyoo. Qhov no hom yog siv tau tawm tsam cov neeg tej pawg uas tau raug hais tias cov chav kawm ntawv yeeb ncuab li zoo li tawm tsam cov neeg uas raug liam hais tias counterrevolutionary kev ua si. Tus liab xav tias tsam lawv yog ib feem ntawm lub xeev txoj cai caum los ntawm cov Bolsheviks repressive. Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, cov kev siv ntawm no set ntawm punitive ntsuas nqa tawm thiab kev siv ntawm txoj cai thiab kev siv ntawm cov ntau yam kev cai sab nraum lub uas duav txhua yam ntawm tej cai. Tus liab xav tias tsam lawv yog ib tug deterrent tsis tsuas mus rau anti-Bolshevik zog, tab sis kuj civilians.

Niaj hnub no, ib tug complex ntawm kev ntsuas muaj ob txhais cov ntsiab lus.

Ib txhia historians ntseeg hais tias tus liab xav tias tsam lawv muaj xws li tag nrho cov kev cai ntawm kev tsuj thiab lynchings 1917. Nyob rau hauv lawv saib, qhov no set ntawm kev ntsuas nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev tseem lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig. Historians taw tes kom paub tias cov dawb thiab liab xav tias tsam lawv pib txawv sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub thib ob tsim nyuam qhuav pib tshaj lub ua ntej. Tus liab xav tias tsam lawv mas suav hais tias txawj inevitable thiab tau txuam nrog rau Bolshevik ua nruj ua tsiv, qhia tsis yog li ntawd ntau npaum li cas tiv thaiv tus kuj nyob rau hauv hav zoov, tab sis tiv thaiv rau tag nrho cov kev kawm ntawv, uas tau outlawed. Cov no muaj xws, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, tau muab ua nom ua tswv thiab Cossacks, kulaks thiab cov pov thawj, tub ceev xwm thiab cov tswv av.

Lwm ib feem ntawm lub historians considers lub Bolshevik ntshai thiab yuam ib lub xeem chaw uasi, cov lus teb thiab defensive cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tiv thaiv cov dawb xav tias tsam lawv.

Thawj coj ntawm lub Communist tog raws li ib tug tag nrho thiab nyob rau hauv particular Lenin txwv lub "softness" nyob rau hauv cov lus teb rau cov kev ntawm cov counter-revolutionaries. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm Vladimir Ilyich nquahu kom "loj ua cim thiab lub zog ntawm kev txhawj kev ntshai", hu rau nws "ib teg num ntawm lub masses yog zoo heev." Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv ib co ntawm Lenin cov lus, muaj ib qhov yuav tsum tau kom tsis txhob "brutal, tsis ncaj ncees thiab unmotivated ua ke."

Muaj ntau txawj xav thiab historians, xws li Kautsky, criticized tus cwj pwm ntawm tus tshiab tsoom fwv, nws cov kev cai thiab nws cov kev ntsuas. Nws tau muab sau tias ua ntej lub kiv puag ncig lub Bolsheviks los tiv thaiv txoj kev siv ntawm lub txim tuag. Tom qab qhov qaug dab peg ntawm lub hwj chim los ntawm tsoom fwv pib siv loj executions. Lenin, nyuaj qhov no saib, nyob rau hauv lem, hais tias lub Bolsheviks twb tsis tiv thaiv cov tiav. Qhov teeb meem, raws li nws, yog nyob rau lwm yam. Taw rau lub fact tias tsis muaj ntawm cov revolutionary tsoom fwv tsis yog tsis muaj txim, yuav tsum tau nyob rau cov teeb meem ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv tiv thaiv uas lub ntsuas yuav tsum pom zoo.

Tom qab lub Bolshevik qaug dab peg ntawm lub hwj chim nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws lub loj lub zos tau pib ua kom paub Marxist nyiaj txiag kho. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub hloov dua siab tshiab li cas confiscation ntawm vaj tse, uas tau nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm cov pej xeem, tsim tib neeg cov kev pab los xyuas kom meej qhov hais kev tsim kho ntawm lub socialist tsoom fwv.

Lenin ntseeg hais tias cov yuav tsum tau siv sij hawm tawv ntsuas rau tej yam uas tseem alien rau lub proletariat. Tag nrho cov ntsiab yog, nyob rau hauv nws lub tswv yim, yuav tsum rov siv ntau txoj kev.

Cov hauj lwm hnub tshaj tawm ntawm cov liab xav tias tsam lawv yog cov 5 Cuaj hlis 1918. Nws twb tso tseg rau Kaum ib hlis 6 xyoo.

Tsuj tua lub cev ntawm lub Cheka mus tua cov counter-revolutionary ces, teeb meem txhaum cai thiab speculations rau tus ncej raws li zoo raws li lub "lub luag hauj lwm comrades ntawm lub Party" (tshwj xeeb daws teeb meem).

Orientation kev ua ub no punitive kabmob twb formulated precisely txaus nyob rau hauv "Izvestia". Raws li Danishevsky (thawj tswj ntawm lub Revolutionary tub rog Council), cov tub rog tribunals yuav tsum tsis txhob tau ua los ntawm kiag li tsis muaj kev cai ntawm kev cai lij choj, nyob rau hauv view ntawm lub fact tias lawv yog tsim (tribunals) nyob rau hauv khaus revolutionary confrontation.