CPL-lim nrog ncig polarization. photography qhia

Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug polarizing lim CPL? Qhov no yog ib tug tseem ceeb lub cuab tam uas txhua txhua tus tub yees duab yuav tsum tau muaj nyob rau hauv lawv lub hnab. Raws li Polarizer cuam tshuam rau daim duab? Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tsim qhov hais txog lub sij hawm no, heev feem ntau peb xav tau ib tug ntev lub sij hawm mus xyaum ua tej yam. Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm koj yuav kawm tau li cas kom ceev li tus txheej txheem no kom ntau li ntau cov khoom no yuav ua rau cov neeg ua hauj lwm yooj yim (thiab tej zaum kuj raug mob) nyob rau hauv tej yam.

Qhov twg yog txuas CPL-Lim? Nws yog ib txwm nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub hauv pem hauv ntej lens. Yuav ua li cas yog tus ntaus ntawv ua hauj lwm? Nws ntxaij lim dej rau hauv tib neeg rog xav txog ntawm lub hnub lub rays nyob rau hauv opredelennіmi cov ces kaum. Nws tsis yog tawm ntawm qhov chaw, raws li lwm yam teeb ntxoov feem ntau cov nplua nuj thiab ntau tawg. Ua hauj lwm nrog rau qhov no ntaus ntawv kuj yuav tsum tau ib qho kev nce nyob rau hauv raug (raws li ib co sab yog deflected). Tswj lub pom lub yog vim txoj kev sib hloov ntaus ntawv. Los ntawm kev nrhiav cov kab-kev-saib ntawm lub hnub txheeb ze rau lub dag lub zog ntawm cov nyhuv nyob.

kev sib hloov lim

Thaum uas siv cov CPL-lim, koj yuav tau txais nyiaj pab ntau tshaj cov nyhuv? Tsuas yog hais tias tus kab ntawm pom ntawm cov koob yees duab yog perpendicular tshav ntuj. Nws yog ua tau xav txog tej yam, xa tus ntiv tes nyob rau hauv lub hnub, thiab tus ntiv tes xoo ntawm lub tib lub sij hawm muab nws nyob rau hauv ib txoj cai kaum sab xis. Thaum koj tig rau sab caj npab, taw mus rau lub teeb ntawm ib hnub, tej cov hoob kawm, uas yuav qhia tau koj tus ntiv tes xoo yuav txiav txim seb txoj kab ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws nyhuv uas cov polarizer.

Txawm li cas los, qhov tseeb hais tias CPL-lim yuav muab qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov chaw no txhais tsis tau hais tias nws yog nyob rau hauv lawv nws ua hauj lwm yuav tsum tshaj hnov li cas. Cap polarization yuav tshwm sim thaum nws rotates, uas hloov lub kaum sab xis nrog rau kev hwm mus daylight. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav muaj kev ua hauj lwm ntawm lub taub lim, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws tig nws, saib lub koob yees duab zaub los yog nyob rau hauv nws viewfinder.

Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov ntawm cov dav lub lens yuav tsum tau kev tshwm sim, txij thaum lub polarization los nyob ntawm seb lub kaum sab xis. Ib feem ntawm cov duab yuav tsum muab tso rau ntawm ib txoj cai kaum sab xis ntawm lub hnub, thiab rau lwm yam - mus rau nws. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, rau ntawm ib sab ntawm tus yees duab polarizing cov neeg yuav tsis tau hnov li, tab sis nyob rau lwm yam - nws yuav tsum tau pom.

Nws yog tseeb hais tias ntau-angle lo ntsiab muag yog neeg txhaum. Txawm li cas los, txoj siav "polyarika" nyhuv tej zaum kuj ua lub neej ntxiv. Heev feem ntau, cov tub txawg muab tso rau lub feem ntau pronounced nyhuv ntawm polarization ze rau ntawm ntug los yog ces kaum ntawm cov duab.

piav qhia

Kev pab txog los tsim high-zoo dluab siv ob hom ntawm cov ntxaij lim dej: linear thiab yeej polarization. Cov pab kiag li lawm yog cais thiab sib cais aav nplua nuj polarized reflected teeb. Nrog lawv pab, tshem lub qab, koj yuav tau maj tawm kaj glare, los yog mus ntes tus toj roob hauv pes nyob sab nraum lub qhov rai tsis muaj nws tus kheej thiaj yuav nyob rau hauv lub khob.

linear cov ntxaij lim dej ua ib tug yooj yim lub lag luam - lawv hloov lub teeb kis nyob rau hauv ib lub dav hlau. Devices nrog ncig polarization muab nkag rays, ib tug hloov voj voog. Lawv tej refraction ntawm rays yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv spherical. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lub yeej "polyarik" tsis cuam tshuam nrog cov autofocus ua unmistakably guessing raug, thiab muab ntsia rau tag nrho cov koob yees duab (xws li cov laus).

Yog li pliaj glare kuj tshem tawm, raws li nyob rau hauv lub ntaus ntawv nrog linear polarization. CPL-lim muab ib tug "huv" kheej kheej refraction ntawm lub teeb tsuas yog nyob rau ib lub wavelength. Nyob rau hauv lub yoj phaj kho qhov muag txoj kev sib txawv ntawm cov chav kawm ntawm nws yooj yim thiab txawv tshaj plaw rays yog raws nraim ib lub hlis twg ntawm nws kav ntev npaum. Rau tag nrho lwm yam wavelengths tus ntaus ntawv yuav tso saib ib tug elliptical tej yam.

Yeej ntxaij lim dej nyuaj mus so, li ntawd, lawv tus nqi yog siab dua. Nyob rau sab nrauv ntawm lub ntaus ntawv tso pa tawm ntaus ntawv, thiab nrog rau cov hauv - lub quarter-yoj phaj uas converts linear polarization rau hauv spherical.

yees duab

Polarizing cov ntxaij lim dej rau cov koob yees duab - nws tus cov khoom siv, tsim los mus tshem tawm pliaj los (reflections, glare), brightness txo (nrog ib tug thaum uas tig mus nce nyob rau hauv saturation) los ntawm lub ntuj thiab lwm yam khoom mus cuag cov aesthetic hom phiaj. Lawv zoo li zoo tib yam cov ntxaij lim dej, tiam sis yuav tau pem hauv ntej thiab nram qab lub feem sib npaug zos thickness uas muaj peev xwm tig dawb do.

Raws li siv CPL-Lim? Yuav ua li cas yog no ntaus ntawv? Nws rear ib feem yog screwed rau lub lens, lub Desired cov nyhuv yog xaiv los ntawm kev xa rau pem hauv ntej ib nrab ntawm tej lub. Lub pem hauv ntej ya tej zaum yuav txawm peem rau nrog ib tug nrog xov, uas yog txuas ntawm ib lub hom phiaj cover threaded tog vaj tog tsev los yog lwm yam cov ntxaij lim dej uas yog ib tug undeniable zoo dua.

Txawv feem tej zaum yuav muab ci khoom ci nrog ces kaum sib txawv ntawm polarization, uas synchronously suppress ib lim yog tsis yooj yim sua. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub thav duab ntawm lub molded cov khoom tej zaum yuav muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb. Nyob rau hauv xws li mob, thov ntau li qhia siv kuj cov polarizing cov ntxaij lim dej, thiab, tag nrho, tsuas yog lub rear, yuav tsum tau linearly polarized. Qhov no yog tsim nyog vim hais tias cov kho qhov muag compensator Tso nyob rau hauv ib tug yeej lim tsis pub cov kev kawm tau ntawm cov nyhuv ntawm lwm yam pab kiag li lawm uas yuav tau muab tso rau tom qab nws.

Qhov ntau nto moo ib tug polarizing lim mus rau ib tug lens? Nws kho qhov muag ceev yog feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub chav los ntawm ob mus rau tsib. Tej zaum yuav muaj xim distortion. Feem ntau, ib txhia li muaj ib zaug xwb nco kom tsis txhob nyob rau hauv violet-xiav cheeb tsam, vim uas cov duab uas tau nrog ib tug ntsuab zas. Pheej Yig cov xov tooj yuav muaj me tub zoo meej disgusting. "Polyarik" nrog rau cov "tiv thaiv" UV-inhibiting lim yog ua ntaus ntawv nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov duab.

paub meej

Feem ntau, ib tug polarizing lim yog ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ob daim hlau ua los ntawm lub khob. Nruab nrab ntawm lawv yog muab tso rau polaroid zaj duab xis muaj linear dichroism. Cov khoom no yog ib tug tej yam txheej ntawm cellulose acetate muaj ib tug impressive tooj ntawm me me microlites herapathite (quinine sulfate iodide compound).

Siv xws iodine-polyvinyl zaj duab xis nrog taw qhia kom paub polymer chains synchronously. Orientation microlites tib yam saib ntawm lub electric teb, thiab lub polymer chains yog raws kev coj kom cov neeg kho tshuab ncab. Yeej lim, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug optical compensator - ib tug peb lub hlis twg-yoj theem phaj. Los ntawm txhais tau tias ntawm no ib feem yuav tsum tau txiav txim txoj kev sib txawv ntawm ob rays pib. Nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv raws li cov phenomenon ntawm ob refraction ntawm lub teeb nyob rau hauv muaju.

Hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm lub teeb

Tej yam yooj yim thiab exceptional rays muaj ntau speeds. Lawv kho qhov muag txoj kev lengths kuj sib txawv. Yog li ntawd, lawv tau mob stroke txawv ntsuas thickness ntawm tus siv lead ua, los ntawm kev uas. Nws yog ntsia tau rau hauv txoj kev ntawm taug kev beam polarizer thiab tig thaum lub sij hawm los ua ke kom txog rau thaum tej lub sij hawm raws li nws cov oscillation axis yuav tsis coincide nrog kho qhov muag axes.

Nyob rau hauv no txoj hauj lwm, lub quarter-yoj phaj converts tus linearly polarized beams rau hauv circularly polarized lub teeb (los yog vice versa) los ntawm kev ua qhov txawv stroke rau 90 degrees. Nrog xws nta tau tag nrho "polyariki". Qhov txawv nyob rau hauv nqe, thiab raws li yog cov ntaub ntawv vim hais tias cov ntxiv khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg: kev tiv thaiv, antireflective, dej-repellent.

tsos

Thaum ib tug polarizing lim rau lub lens yog tsim los? No ad raug launched los ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntsiab ntawm cov TTL automatic lub koob yees duab, uas, tsis zoo li cov duab, tau ua nyob rau tej yam uas innovation nyob rau hauv lub teeb.

Feem ntau cov linear-polarization tawg hinders metering thiab SLR koob yees duab cov inhibit qhov kev lag luam uas tsis siv neeg theem ntawm kev.

Nyob rau hauv astronomy, "polyariki" yog muaj li ntawm pab kiag li lawm uas kawm rau ncig thiab linear kev hloov ntawm lub teeb khoom nyob hauv txheej chaw.

Polarizing saib xyuas yog qhov yooj yim txoj kev ntawm tau cov lus qhia txog lub peev xwm ntawm lub magnetic teb nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam generating tawg ntawm, hais tias, dawb dwarfs.

Nikon CPL

Polarizing Lim CPL Nikon 52 mm - ib tug tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau toj roob hauv pes photography thiab rau cov neeg uas nyiam mus yuav tau cov zoo dluab. Muaj tsawg kawg yog rau yog vim li cas yog vim li cas koj yuav tsum tau yuav cov khoom no:

• Rau photographing ntawm dej (nws yuav ib tug ib tsos tsaus tsawv thiab ntau pob tshab).
• Shooting scenery (ua "saturation" ntuj thiab ntsuab).
• Rau shooting nyob rau lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub qhov rais (mus tshem tawm glare thiab reflections ntawm cov iav).
• Lub tshem tawm ntawm lub reflections rau ib hnub ci hnub (dej, iav, machinery).
• Ua lub shutter ceev rau ib tug ob peb nres (thaum uas tsim nyog).
• Lens tiv thaiv tawm tsam cov neeg kho tshuab tej yam.

Yuav no lim yog tsim nyog rau cov neeg uas yuav taug kev mus rau sov lub teb chaws - yog ib tug indispensable cuab tam nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov yeeb yuj duab. Nyob rau hauv kaj tshav ntuj no ntaus ntawv pab txoj kev duab zoo los ntawm kev ua tus zoo thiab saturation, yog li xa taws kub nnyiab ya.

txwv

Cov neeg uas xav mus kawm kom zoo duab, siv sij hawm photography qhia los ntawm cov tub txawg. Yuav ua li cas siv ib tug polarizing lim? cov yam kab uas hla ntawm tus dais no yog tsim nyog los poob rau cov koob yees duab lens. Rotating cov siv lead ua nyob rau hauv lub lim, koj yuav tsum xaiv cov yam degree ntawm polarization, uas capture mus tshem tawm glare los ntawm dej los yog iav thiab kuj tau txais ntau ntxuav thiab dawb huab, tag nrho ntawm ntuj.

Muaj ib co kev txwv rau cov kev siv ntawm tej pab kiag li lawm:

• Rotating polarization lim yuav tsum tau xav hais tias cov kev tsim cov nyhuv ntawm limiting cov cheeb tsam yuav tsum tau muab tso rau txog 90 degrees los ntawm cov thawj txoj hauj lwm. Yog hais tias tus ntaus ntawv yog rotated 180 degrees, qhov no maneuver yuav ua rau cov duab rau nws cov thawj lub xeev.
• "Polyariki" soften lub teeb flux nkag mus rau lub CCD lub koob yees duab los ntawm lub lens, li ntawd, cov tub txawg feem ntau kom qhov nqi koj tshuav nyob rau hauv cov kis theem 1-2.

shortcomings

photography zaj lus uas yuav tsum tau rau beginners tsim high-zoo dluab. Peb pom hais tias "polyariki" heev pab tau. Tu siab, lawv muaj cov nram qab tsis zoo:

• Vim li no, lub raug apparatus yuav thov ntau lub teeb rau hauv 4-8 lub sij hawm (2-3 kauj ruam) tshaj li niaj zaus.
• Lawv xav tau ib tug yam lub nrog hwm rau hnub kom tau qhov zoo tshaj plaws tshwm sim.
• Nrog cov ntxaij lim dej rau cov koob yees duab viewfinder yog ib qhov nyuaj rau orient.
• Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau kim seev.
• Lawv yuav tsum tau sib hloov, yog li yuav ua rau kom cov kev xaiv ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg.
• Feem ntau lawv yuav siv tsis tau rau ntau-kaum sab xis thiab panoramic dluab.
• Yog hais tias lub lim yog qias neeg, nws tej zaum yuav txo cov duab zoo.

Ntxiv mus, tej zaum tus thiaj yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv cov duab. Cov feem ntau cov tawm cov piv txwv yog tus zaj sawv thiab sunsets. Nws yog ib nqi rau ib yam ntawm lawv thov polarizer yeeb yuj thiaj yuav ploj kiag li los yog pobloknut.

lwm yam tswv yim

Lim rau cov koob yees duab - yog complex pab kiag li lawm. Tab sis koj yuav kawm tau mus ua hauj lwm nrog lawv lub sij hawm. "Polyarik" tej zaum yuav tej zaum kuj yuav siv tau thaum uas tsim nyog los ua kom lub sij hawm ntawm raug. Txij li thaum nws yuav txo tau 4-8 lub sij hawm (2-3 kauj ruam) kis lub teeb, nws yuav siv tau kom tshem tawm cov dej thiab waterfalls.

Yog hais tias koj muab tso rau hauv ib tug polarizer rau ib tug dav lub lens, nws muaj peev xwm tsim ib tug catchy ntug tsaus ntuj los cov duab ( "vignetting"). Kom tsis txhob no, tej zaum koj yuav tsum yuav ib tug ntau "hloov maj mam" kim kev xaiv.

Yeej polarizers tau teem rau lub AF system thiab metering chamber txuas ntxiv mus ua hauj lwm thaum hnav lub lim. Tawm "polyariki" ntau npaum li cas pheej yig dua, tab sis lawv muaj peev xwm siv tsis tau cov feem ntau cov SLR koob yees duab (txij li thaum lawv siv theem nrhiav kom tau autofocus thiab TTL - metering los ntawm lub lens).