Cynics - Yuav ua li cas yog no? tsim ntawm lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm lub Cynics

Cynics - ib tug naas ej lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm ancient Greece, feem ntau ntawm cov uas twb cov followers ntawm cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm Socrates. Lub tsev kawm ntawv xav kuj hu ua rau lawv ntau cynical morose cim, muaj zog views, dissatisfaction nrog tus uas twb muaj kev sib raug zoo, nom tswv thiab kev cai dab qhuas txoj kev ntawm lub neej.

tsim ntawm lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm lub Cynics

Xav thawj coj thiab tus kws lijchoj ntawm cov lus qhuab qhia yog Antisthenes. Philosopher yog tus tub ntawm ib tug pej xeem ntawm Athens thiab cov thracian qhev. Raws li nyob rau hauv no, Antisthenes xam tau tias yog tsis raws cai thiab tau ibtxhi rau lub neej yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv tus txheej xwm ntawm underprivileged neeg ntawm haiv neeg.

Antisthenes yog ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau loyal thiab senior menyuam kawm ntawv ntawm Socrates. Fascinated los ntawm tus cuj pwm convictions thiab saib cwm pwm, tus tub hluas philosopher tsis tawm tus xib fwb kom txog rau thaum kawg ntawm nws lub hnub. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm Socrates, Antisthenes, nws nrhiav tau nws tus kheej philosophical tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Athens los tsaub.

Antisthenes sim ua ib lub neej uas yog zoo ib yam nrog nws tej lus qhia. Philosopher rau leej twg tsis xav, nws tsis xav txog cov neeg txom nyem kho raws thiab txhob txwm tshaj tawm tsom nws yuam cai rau cov uas tuav lub hwj chim. Cov txiv neej wise siv nws lub hnub nyob rau hauv contemplation, tawm hauv ib tug heev heev tagnrho ntawm tsab ntawv. Nws zoo tshaj plaws-paub followers ntawm Crathes thiab Diogenes ntseeg tias nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws yuav tsis nrhiav tau philosophers uas yog Antisthenes nyob rau hauv siab, tsis ntshai mus tshaj thiab muaj peev xwm nyob raws li lawv tej kev ntseeg.

Lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cov Cynics, Antisthenes philosophy lawm vam meej rau tus tuag ntawm nws tus tsim. Tom qab ntawd, ntau tshaj 70 tej hauj lwm ntawm ib tug txawj xav tau ua nyob rau hauv lub npe nrov tsev qiv ntawv ntawm Alexandria. Thaum nws tsis yog Antisthenes, txawm rau 150 xyoo nquag txhawb lawv views Cynics. Skeptics philosophy uas tau txais ntau yam tswv yim los ntawm lub Cynic tsev kawm ntawv, tom qab kiag yaj no tej lus qhuab qhia nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej.

Diogen Sinopsky

Lub brightest follower ntawm cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm Antisthenes Diogenes hais. Nws los ua nto moo nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw muaj ntau yam quirks. Raws li ntaub ntawv keeb kwm, uas tau nqes los rau hauv peb hnub, lub philosopher nyiam nyob rau hauv broad daylight mus laij ib ncig ntawm lub nroog nrog ib tug muaj teeb ci teeb. Xws li ib tug txawv txawv txoj kev sage sim mus nrhiav ib tug "zoo neeg" nyob rau hauv crowded txoj kev.

Diogenes nyob hauv cov neeg txom nyem, hnav khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv lub khaub ncaws, uas nws tau muab rau cov pej xeem ntawm lub nroog, ntim cov zaub mov uas los lawv txoj kev. Raws li ib tug txawj xav ntawm vaj tse, raws li ib qhov chaw, nws xaiv ib tug loj crock, thiab raws li lwm leej lwm tus - ib tug ntoo thoob. Rau tus cwj pwm ntawm xws li ib yam txawv txoj kev ua neej Diogenes yog nicknamed "Aub".

Diogenes ib zaug raug caw tuaj koom mus rau ib tug private tsev ntawm ib tug muaj nyiaj pej xeem ntawm Athens, hoping rau ib tug fascinating sib tham nrog tus sage. Txawm li cas los, pom lub luxurious kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov chav, marble plag tsev, thiab heev heev tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab, cov philosopher tsis tham nrog cov hospitable txiv neej, thiab cia li nres thiab taug kev deb nyob rau hauv silence. Tom qab ntawd, Diogenes piav nws txiav txim los ntawm lub fact tias lub tsev tsis yog tus zoo tshaj plaws qhov chaw nyob qhov twg koj yuav nto qaub ncaug, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub party chaw.

Crathes los ntawm Thebes

Nto moo Cynics - tsis yog tsuas yog Antisthenes thiab Diogenes. Lwm zoo kawg li follower ntawm lub philosophical tsev kawm ntawv yog Crathes. Qhov no txawj xav zoo kawg ntog mus rau hauv cov qeb ntawm muaj myiaj cov pej xeem. Txawm li cas los, fascinated los ntawm txoj kev txawj ntse ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cov Cynics, nws txiav txim siab los muab cov khoom kim heev lub neej thiab siab raws li txoj cai nyob hauv zej zog. Crathes tag nrho cov vaj tse bequeathed nws tus tub, nyob rau mob hais tias nws tsis xav los ua ib tug philosopher.

Zoo li Diogenes, Crathes nyiam siv lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv meditation, xyaum tu yus beggarly lub neej. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws tus menyuam kawm ntawv ntawm lub sage sawv nws tus poj niam Hipparchia, uas nyob rau hauv nws cov tub ntxhais hluas tau renounced nws neeg uas nplua nuj thiab tuaj koom lub Cynic tsev kawm ntawv.

Cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm lub Cynics

Cynics - ib tug philosophical tsev kawm ntawv, uas yog founded hauv Athens ntawm lub lem ntawm cov muaj hnub nyoog 5-6 tsaub neeg ntawm haiv neeg, cov neeg pluag thiab ua loj leeb xav. Yog vim li cas rau cov tsim ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv los ua ib tug tawm tsam tiv thaiv lub deterioration ntawm cov neeg pluag kev mob, ntxiv dag zog rau ntawm nom tswv tsim txom thiab economic instability nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Lub ntsiab ntawm cov lus qhuab qhia uas yog npaj kom muaj ib tug beggarly lub neej, zoo ib yam li tus dev, sai sai pom nws cov thwjtim thoob plaws ancient Greece.

Cynics qhia? Lub philosophy ntawm no lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj cov pej xeem ib lub ntiaj teb no saib, uas assumes ib categorical rejection ntawm neeg qhov tseem ceeb thiab cov xeeb ceem ntawm cov qhev, kev cai, kev ua tau yog, kev cai thiab kev lis kev cai uas prevailed nyob rau hauv zej zog. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub Cynics twb tsis ascetics. Lub tsev kawm ntawv cov neeg sawv cev sim ua kom nquag plias, los txhawb cov hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev ywj pheej, yuam cai rau cov khoom kim heev. Lub postulates ntawm cov lus qhuab qhia raug tswj simplifying lub neej, cov kev kawm tau ntawm koob pheej ntawm lawv, nce qib ntawm cosmopolitan views.

Lub philosophy ntawm lub Cynics pom adherents cov neeg uas tau poob kev cia siab rau ib tug zog rau yav tom ntej, paub cov kev tsis ncaj ncees ntawm txoj cai lij choj, tu siab rau cov lus cog tseg ntawm cov politicians. Cov thwjtim ntawm cov lus qhuab qhia tsis tau tsuas yog txhawb lawv cov hom phiaj, tab sis kuj xyaum lawv tus kheej hauv paus ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub neej. Cynics sim maximally txwv tsis pub peb tus kheej xav tau kev pab tsis kam wealth. Socratic tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Cynics xam tau tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv lub qhaj ntawv ntawm traction mus rau ib tug kev qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw nyob, rootlessness raws li ib tug tag nrho.

ethics Cynics

Xav dab tsi ethics nyiam Cynics, qhov yooj yim lub tswv yim ntawm cov philosophical cov tsev kawm ntawv, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tej lus qhia ntawm tus tsim Antisthenes qhia nws cov thwjtim kom paub qhov txawv "peb" los ntawm "alien". Raws li cov sage, zoo xwb nws puab txoj kev ywj pheej yuav ua tau rau ib tug neeg, tsis khoom.

Lub ntsiab homthawj Cynics advocated virtue, uas yog suav hais tias yog xwb zoo. Nyob rau hauv lem, yog qhov uas phem yog tus vice. Txhua tsav txhua yam, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau cov tswv yim, yog tsis muaj ab tsi rau cov neeg txawj ntse ntawm lub philosophical tsev kawm ntawv.

Views ntawm cov kev sib raug zoo lub neej thiab hauv lub xeev

Cynics - yog xav, uas ntseeg hais tias ib tug neeg yuav tsum tsis txhob ua qhev nyob rau hauv lub zej zog prejudices, sim ua raws li lub tswv yim ntawm ib tug qhua. Crathes thiab Diogenes txhob txwm tshaj tawm mus tsis tooj mus rau feem ntau txais cov qauv, tsuj tsis ncaj ncees kev cai. Philosophers tshwj xeeb rau tsob nroj rhuab sib cav tswv yim nyob rau hauv txoj kev, uas mus txog rau quarrels. Yog li cov followers ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cov Cynics qhia lawv tus kheej rau tsis quav ntsej rau cov tib neeg sib ntaus sib tua.

Raws li cov Cynic philosophy, cov mej zeej ntawm ib haiv neeg muab faib mus rau hauv ruam thiab cov neeg txawj ntse. Tus thawj - tus qhev uas tsis paub lawv tus kheej minds thiab nco ntsoov, deprived ntawm zoo, xyiv fab tiag tiag nyob rau hauv lub neej. Nyob rau hauv lem, cov neeg txawj ntse uas tau renounced txhua yam, yog muaj tseeb txoj kev ywj pheej thiab kev ywj pheej. Ntse tus neeg tsis nyob raws li daim ntawv sau txoj cai, tab sis cia siab rau lub internal ethics.

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub xeev nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag ntawm tus Cynics yog tus tib neeg lub zej lub zos, rau cov uas muaj muaj tsis muaj ciam teb rau lwm, tsev, cov cai lij choj, wealth. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus - zoo tagnrho rau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub philosophical tsev kawm ntawv ntsia zoo li ib tug txiv neej uas tau rov qab mus rau lawv lub xeev ntuj nyob rau hauv lub ntuj.

Kev cai dab qhuas kev ntseeg

Tus cwj pwm zoo tso tawm los ntawm lub Cynics cai dab qhuas? Lub tsev kawm ntawv lub tswv yim yog zoo li tus purely tsis zoo views rau tej cults. Tom qab tag nrho, qhov tseeb Cynics, uas lub neej raws li tej ntsiab cai ntawm cov lus qhuab qhia, kev ntseeg yuav tsis muab dab tsi zoo. Ideological tsev kawm ntawv cov thawj coj xam tau tias yog tib tug Vajtswv ntawm tib neeg lub siab. Txhua tsav txhua yam twb pom raws li ib tug khoom ntawm fantasy, raws li zoo raws li raug thiab cov kev txwv uas prevailed qhov txhia chaw nyob rau hauv zej zog.

Yam ntxwv nta ntawm lub philosophy ntawm lub Cynics

Cov yooj yim tenets ntawm cov thwjtim ntawm cov lus qhuab qhia muaj xws li:

• attainment ntawm meej txoj kev ywj pheej los ntawm renunciation ntawm kev lub neej;
• yeem rejection ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas cov khoom;
• wandering, tsis muaj ib tug mus tas tsev, lub siab ntawm yooj yim xav tau kev pab los ntawm begging;
• kev tsis saib xyuas ntawm kev tu cev, nyiam phem tshaj nyob tej yam kev mob;
• qhuas ntawm cov neeg txom nyem;
• hnyav thuam ntawm idealist lus qhuab qhia;
• uas tsis yog-paub txog lub hwj chim ntawm tus txiv neej thiab cov gods;
• tsis muaj patriotism thiab cosmopolitan views;
• tsom lwm tus nyob rau hauv tib neeg vices, qhov phem tshaj thuam ntawm tib neeg co uas muaj ntsis.

Nyob rau hauv xaus

Cynics - ib tug lub tsev kawm ntawv uas yog kev xav, cov mej zeej uas yuav, los ntawm virtue ntawm lawv tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo raws li txoj cai yog tsis paub rau ib tug tsis muaj hwj chim. Nyob rau hauv cov nram no rau hauv lub ci antisocial tus cwj pwm tshwm sim kinikov sij hawm "cynicism" uas hais lus txhua yam. Lub thoob plaws tej chaw nyob rau hauv ancient Greece ce nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub 5 - thaum pib ntawm lub 6 xyoo pua, meant tias lub tuam txhab yuav tsum tau nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub rejection ntawm tus qhev tej ntsiab cai thiab tau raws li lub dee ntawm impoverished, disenfranchised feem ntawm zej zog.