Moscow, tsev cia puav pheej-manor: cas, yees duab

Losxij txoj kev xav txog tej ntawm txhua tus, thaum nws los txog rau lub suburbs. Manors, av thiab chaw ua si ...

Tom ntej no nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm

Nyob rau hauv ib tes - qhov no yog qhov chaw, zoo thiab heev kev cob cog rua nrog cov keeb kwm thiab artistic lub neej, ib tug tiag tiag Lavxias teb sab lub neej thiab kev lis kev cai, thiab nrog lwm - lub xeev ntawm coob tsim nyog nco qhov chaw yog alarming thiab regrettable.
Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm thiab Lavxias teb sab ntsuj plig - lub tswvyim, nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, yog sib txawv, tab sis tej zaum lawv yog li intricately interwoven hais tias tsis muaj ib qho feem yog tsis tau mus nkag siab lwm tus, thiab, yog li ntawd, teb cov lus nug: yog li cas, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws yog, Lavxias teb sab neeg?

Hearths thiab cia ntawm Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai nyob rau hauv lub suburbs

Manor - ib qho chaw mus xyuas txhua txhua ob. Lub npe ntawm ib co suburban av thiab manors rau lub rooj sib hais cov pej xeem: Abramtsevo, Arkhangelskoye, Marfino, lumpy thiab lwm tus neeg. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv 17-19 centuries. noble qub txeeg qub tes yog ib yam ntawm cov kev cai-keeb kwm tshwm sim, nrog rau lub moos thiab lub zos, monasteries, lub zos, lub zos, cathedrals thiab lub koom txoos.
Historians hais tias los ntawm tus kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19. nyob rau hauv Russia, muaj los ntawm 50 mus rau 100 txhiab. manors thiab Estates. Lawm, cov kev ua ntawm kev, economic, artistic thiab muaj tswv yim lub neej thiab historic manor nyob ze Moscow tau txuas zoo li zoo.
Thiab vim hais tias ntawm lub qub txeeg qub tes nyob ze Moscow mus rau lub capital yog rau ntawm txhais tes, ces, ntawm chav kawm, qhov zoo tshaj plaws Lavxias teb sab sau ntawv, paj huam, ntxias, composers kos inspiration, ua hauj lwm thiab kev ua si nyob rau hauv tej thaj chaw txuam nrog cov xwm.
Thiab tej zaum yog tsis muaj xws Lavxias teb sab creator thiab txawj xav 18-19 cc., Thiab txoj hmoo ntawm lub neej uas yuav tsis tau txuas mus rau lub Lavxias teb sab teb chaws av.
Thiab xws li kev cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab kos duab, raws li cov rustic architecture, toj roob hauv pes teb kab lis kev cai thiab kos duab, Toj roob hauv pes tsim nws keeb kwm mus rov qab mus rau lub suburbs, lub qub txeeg qub tes thiab qhov uas lawv ua tib zoo fwm.
Nco ntsoov hais qhia rau koj hais tias cov kev cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab Lavxias teb sab hospitality cuisine cov chav kawm nyob rau hauv kev yos hav zoov, sib sau ua ke ntawm tsawg cov phau ntawv thiab sau tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab tau kuj mob nrog lub tsaws gentry thiab cov neeg siv kab lis kev cai.

Peb pib los npaj

Nyob rau hauv lub 100-kilometer cheeb tsam los ntawm nplhaib yuav suav txog 200 av thiab sawv daws nyob. Los ntawm thaum ntxov 20th caug xyoo. nyob rau hauv Moscow muaj txog 1,000 ntawm lawv yog cov nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej nco thiab tsim nyog ntawm cov xim, tab sis lub sij hawm yog xws li hais tias mus ntsib qhov chaw ntawm kev txaus siab koj yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg yog ib tug me ntsis npaj.
Nrog hais txog qhov kev kawm muaj peev xwm yuav hais tau tias yog hais tias koj xav mus ntsib cov zoo nkauj tshaj plaws suburbs ntawm lub qub txeeg qub tes rau cov kev pab yuav tsum Tshuag li on lus qhia dav dav:

• txog qhov chaw, deb li cas thiab txoj kev (metro, tsheb ciav hlau, tsheb npav, tsheb);
• txog cov yam ntxwv ( "singularity") qhov chaw: State Tsev khaws puav pheej-Reserve, lub tsev-tsev cia puav pheej, departmental qhov chaw, tej yam yooj yim qauv, muaj feem xyuam rau lub keeb kwm, ntaub ntawv, painting, architecture;
• Yog hais tias qhov chaw yog txuam nrog rau cov tsev khaws puav pheej yuav teev cia yuav tsum paub zoo txog daim pib nqi, ua hauj lwm cov sij hawm thiab qhov chaw ntawm leisure thiab khoom noj khoom haus. Tej zaum yuav muaj kev xaiv thaum lub tsev cia puav pheej, nyob ze Moscow Estates yuav mus rau tsis muaj ib tug department thiab rau kev nkag mus yog ib qhov nyuaj, tab sis, raws li lawv hais avid neeg mus ncig, yeej ib txwm "muaj tshwm sim ib lub qhov nyob rau hauv lub laj kab qab" thiab mus muaj lawm koj ua tau;
• correlation puag ncig tuition nrog nws tus kheej cov hom phiaj: ib tug so nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo nkauj qhov chaw, txawj, keeb kwm, architectural thiab artistic impressions, etc.

Qhov no "kom pom tseeb" los pab txuag lub sij hawm thiab tau txais tiag tiag Library los ntawm kev mus saib xyuas nthuav qhov chaw.

keeb kwm qhov chaw

Ib tug ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws kev cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab zej zog los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm Peter yog tus pub dawb ntawm av thiab lub zos rau kev ncaj ncees pab cuam. Ntawd thiab muaj ntau noble Estates nyob rau hauv lub suburbs, piv txwv li, manor Glinka, muab los ntawm Peter v, raws li ib lub zos nyob ze Moscow, nws associate Yakhauj Bruce, tub rog thiab statesman, tus paub txog thiab diplomat. Tom qab so hauj lwm, Bruce ua hauj lwm hloov tshiab, kev sim kawm thiab txawm khwv tau ib lub koob npe nrov li "lub mage thiab Warlock."
Keeb kwm ntawm Glinka lub qub txeeg qub tes - yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm Peter, Lavxias teb sab tub rog science, kev ua tau yog ntawm Lavxias teb sab haiv neeg 17-18 centuries.
Yog hais tias koj cia li sau lub zoo-paub cov keeb kwm cov nuj nqis thiab muaj los ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv lub suburbs ntawm lub qub txeeg qub tes, daim ntawv no impressive:

• Serednikovo - Patrimony Stolypin. Cia li nco ntsoov Petr Arkadevich Stolypin, lub Lavxias teb sab reformer ntawm thaum ntxov 20th caug xyoo. Nyuam qhuav pib Serednikovo twb txuam nrog thaum yau kws sau paj lug M. Yu. Lermontova. Tom qab ntawd no muaj Chaliapin thiab Rachmaninoff. Niaj hnub no Serednikovo - heev "cinematic" qub txeeg qub tes nyob ze Moscow, nrog ib qho kev nthuav kinogorodom, xws li hais scenery 18 nyob rau hauv.;

• Tham - muab txawm ntxaum dhia dej mus rau hauv zaj dab neeg. Historians hu ua Tham muab qhov twg Dmitry Donskoy tau tsa nws lub tsev pheebsuab, mus rau hauv sib ntaus sib tua nrog Mamai (Kulikovo teb);
• Gorky (Lenin) - hnub no ib tug tsev cia puav pheej txuam nrog lub neej ntawm Lenin. "Highlight" lub tsev khaws puav pheej cov zaub yog cov tsheb "Yob-Royce", uas nqa Vladimira Ilicha. Tab sis curiously, thawj mention ntawm lub manor hnub rov qab mus rau lub xyoo pua 16th., Thiab qhov interiors ntawm cov vaj tse fwm los ntawm 18-19 centuries.

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, uas hais tag nrho cov keeb kwm tsev cia puav pheej-tse nyob rau hauv Moscow thiab cov Moscow cheeb tsam muaj yog tsis muaj txoj kev, tab sis koj yeej ib txwm nrhiav kev qhia. Thiab zoo li, zaj dab neeg feem ntau zoo tshuam nrog kev sau ntawv thiab artistic cov txheej xwm.

zajlus chaw

Loj Vyazomy lawv pom zoo Peter Ι tub huabtais Golitsyn "rau txoj kev cawm seej ntawm cov tub ntxhais huab tais thaum lub sij hawm ib tug riot musketeers." Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog zoo kev cob cog rua nrog lub neej Borisa Godunova, Paul v, Kutuzov, Napoleon, Bagration, Tolstoy.
Tab sis feem ntau cov tseem ceeb - Vyazomy yog lub tsev mus rau lub poetic Pushkin: ntawm no nws siv nws thaum yau, qhov chaw uas nws tau los ua cuab kav nrog kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab countryside, nws hnov pej xeem nkauj, kawm lub neej thiab kev lis kev cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab nom tswv cajceg thiab lub Lavxias teb sab peasants.
Ntawm no yog peb tau yug los thawj poetic tsim yaam tshab ntawm Pushkin, thiab ntawm no nws yog nyob rau hauv lub nyuaj lub sij hawm ntawm nws lub neej. Nyob rau hauv no qhov chaw thiab lus dab neeg: Golitsyn palace City hu rau "lub tsev ntawm tus poj huab tais of Spades," thiab koj yuav kawm tau ib yam dab tsi txog txoj hmoo ntawm tus ntxhais fuabtais Galitzine, lub rov qab daim duab ntawm lub qub Countess nrog cov paub tsis meej ntawm peb cov ntawv teev lus.
Nws yog tsis muaj coincidence loj Vyazomy - Pushkin Tsev khaws puav pheej-Reserve, no los ntawm Cuaj hlis mus rau lub Plaub Hlis yog suab paj nruas yav tsaus ntuj thiab concerts. Raws li Pushkin qhov chaw nyob ze Vyazomami nws yog tsim nyog los hais Zakharov.
Nyob rau hauv lwm yam kev sau ntawv thiab poetic qhov chaw:

• Muranovo - raug "noble zes" uas peb muaj ib lub tswv yim ntawm cov phau ntawv thiab films txog lub Lavxias teb sab puv 19 xyoo pua. Lub interweaving yug thiab txoj hmoo ntawm ntau nto moo txawj npe: Engelhardt, Baratynsky, Putyata, Gogol, Aksakov, Tiutchev. Tab sis txoj hmoo yuav muaj nws, uas yog Muranovo tsev neeg archive ntawm lub kws sau paj lug Fodora Tyutcheva, thiab thiaj li yuav muaj ib tug tsev cia puav pheej nyob rau hauv nws lub npe;
• Melikhovo - Literary thiab Memorial tsev cia puav pheej A. P. Chehova. Cov tsev khaws puav pheej yog ntau tshaj 20 txhiab duab ntawm ntxias, xws li Levitan, Polenov, AP Seregina -. Cov phooj ywg ntawm tus kws.
• Znamenskoye Gubaylovo - pub thawj Lavxias teb sab huab tais (tom qab Great distemper) Mihailom Romanovym boyar Volyns'ke (txwv zeej txwv koob pab pawg phooj ywg Dmitriya Donskogo) nyob rau ntawm 16. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub 18th caug xyoo., Cov qub txeeg qub tes uas los ntawm lub commander-Crimean Dolgoruky. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 20th caug xyoo. lub qub txeeg qub tes kuj yog ib tug "txawj zes" Lavxias teb sab Symbolist paj huam. Tsob ntoo nyob rau hauv lub qub chaw ua si nco ntsoov Bryusov, K. Balmont thiab A. Dawb;
• Peredelkino - yeej tsim nyog cais lus. Qhov no yog ib tug "txawj sau ntawv lub zos", uas txuam nrog rau cov npe ntawm cov ntau yam tseem ceeb Soviet thiab Lavxias teb sab sau ntawv thiab paj huam. Niaj hnub no nyob rau hauv Peredelkino yog lub tsev-tsev cia puav pheej ntawm Chukovsky, Boris Pasternak, Okudzhava, tsev cia puav pheej-gallery Yevgeny Yevtushenko. Nyob ze ze ntawm lub zos yog tus Cawm Seej lub cev Hloov Hlo lub tsev teev ntuj thiab yawg suab Tiabsis cov - qhov chaw nyob ntawm lub Patriarch ntawm Moscow thiab Tag nrho Russia Kirill.

Hais txog Lavxias teb sab architecture

Architecture occupies ib tug tseem ceeb qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lub tsev teev ntuj architecture. Tsis mus sib sib zog nqus rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no, nws puas tsim nyog sau cia hais tias tus raug Lavxias teb sab lub tsev teev ntuj tseem coj los ntawm tus duab ntawm lub dome, "hipped" (mnogopridelnosti) thaj chaw.
Thiab txij li thaum raug chaw ua si thiab Estates Moscow 17-19 centuries. tas muaj xws li lub tsev teev ntuj, nws yog heev nthuav los saib thiab soj ntsuam yuav ua li cas lub koom txoos tau ua. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tus canons thiab cov "Lavxias teb sab cim" kom muaj lub style. Tiam sis qhov ntau nthuav variations:

• nyob rau hauv Dubrovitsy, koj yuav saib tau lub feem ntau "baroque" (los ntawm cov Baroque) lub tsev teev ntuj nyob ze Moscow. Nyob rau hauv tib style nws ua tau thiab lub palace, tab sis tom qab nws tau reconstructed nyob rau hauv tus ntsuj plig ntawm classicism;

• Bykov - nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm ib tug 2-storey 18th xyoo pua tsev teev ntuj. Nws tau mus kawm lub npe nrov Lavxias teb sab kws kes duab vajtse Vasily Bazhenov nrog nws cov thwj tim. Nyob rau hauv tib style ntawm Masonic architecture thiab ua lub manor tsev. Nyias lub tsev tswb pej thuam (Taman kes duab vajtse) thiab web paths park pas dej thiab tsim heev heev nco mus ob peb vas, tshwj xeeb yog nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov-lub caij nplooj zeeg lub sij hawm;
• Bratsevo - tsev loj nyob rau hauv lub nroog, qhov twg muaj kev kawm lus Askiv ua si. Koj yuav tau pib mus xyuas Moscow vaj tse: lub manor Countess Stroganov Palace, lub Koom Txoos ntawm cov Intercession, saib 2 thiab 5 choj manor farmstead vaj tse mus caum tus zoo nkauj thiab ntsuj plig ntawm lub suburban av thiab av. Thiab ces nws yuav ua tau yooj yim mus rau kev mus rau lub Moscow cheeb tsam.

Patronage thiab Lavxias teb sab ntxias

Patronage (patronage ntawm Science thiab Art) yug nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv lub 18th caug xyoo. thiab mus txog heyday nyob rau hauv lub mid puv 19 xyoo pua. Lub teb chaws Estates thiab palaces ntawm lub nroog sib sau zoo kawg li sau los ntawm Lavxias teb sab thiab Western European kos duab, ib tug sau ntawm tsawg phau ntawv.
Yog li ntawd, muaj ntau yam rau sawv daws thiab palaces ntawm lub Moscow thaj av hu rau tus tswv, neeg, tab sis yog, raws li ib txwm, nyob rau hauv keeb kwm tsis muaj unambiguous, thiab muaj ntau ntau yam kev sib tshuam.
Nyob rau hauv Abramtsevo fwm ib-storey manor tsev ntawm lub 18th caug xyoo., Uas yog ib tug qauv ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntoo architecture. Tswv ntawm Abramtsevo yog ib tug txawj sau ntawv Aksakov ( "The xoo pob liab vog Paj"), uas yog xyuas los ntawm nws cov phooj ywg - Gogol, Turgenev, Tyutchev.

Thaum nyob rau hauv lub 2nd ib nrab ntawm cov 19th caug xyoo. tswv ntawm lub qub txeeg qub tes yog tus industrialist thiab philanthropist S. Morozov, muaj kev koom ua hauj lwm ntxias M. Vrubel, V. Vasnetsov, Polenov, Repin, Serov. Nws twb nyob ntawm no tau yug los "Abramtsevo vajvoog" - lub artistic-muaj tswv yim Union, aims mus rau lub kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab teb chaws kos duab.
Tom qab lub kiv puag ncig ntawm 1917, kev lig kev cai twb tseem los ntawm I. Grabar, Konchalovsky, V. Mukhina. Niaj hnub no Abramtsevo tsev cia puav pheej exhibition muaj ntau tshaj li 25 txhiab teev :. Painting, nqus, sculpture, tej hauj lwm ntawm cov hniav thiab pej xeem cov kos duab.

Lwm tus, tej zaum feem ntau, feem ntau ...

Tsis tas li ntawd tsim nyog ntawm mention yog cov qub txeeg qub tes nyob ze Moscow, qhib rau cov pej xeem:

1. Arkhangelsk - ib qho ntawm ob peb fwm Estates los ntawm lub kawg ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua, nrog rau cov architectural thiab chaw ua si khaub ncaws ntau nyob rau hauv lub classical style .. Thiab cov kos duab collections ntawm lub qub tswv Odoevskogo Golitsyn, Yusupov los ua lub hauv paus ntawm ib tug nplua nuj tsev cia puav pheej exhibition;
2. Kuskovo - manor Sheremetev Counts. Fwm Palace, Italian tsev, Dutch tsev, Grotto. Nyob rau lub qub txeeg qub yog nyob rau hauv lub State Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Ceramics;

3. Npoo - ib qho chaw txuam nrog rau lub xeem xyoo ntawm lub neej ntawm cov composer Tchaikovsky. Niaj hnub no, lub tsev-tsev cia puav pheej ntawm no, uas recreates cov cua ntawm creativity, lub neej thiab lub neej ntawm tus poj tshuab raj.

Hais txog tu siab ... (tab sis tsis xwb)

Muaj ntau av thiab av yog nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Yog vim li cas hais tias Moscow uas Estates muaj lawv tus kheej qhov chaw - tsis tuaj kawm ntawv ntawm tus tswv, tus tswv ntawm ib tug tsis muaj kev txaus siab, cov kev siv ntawm cov vaj tse rau lwm lub hom phiaj.
Sober thiab keeb kwm kev xaav nyob rau qhov teeb meem hais tias:

1. Lub neej thiab lub flourishing av thiab sawv daws yuav ploj mus, nrog rau lub 19th caug xyoo.
2. Dhau los cuam tshuam cov txheej xwm tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th., Qhov ntawd no ces sai sai pib yaj txhua yam uas yog kev cob cog rua nrog lub keeb kwm yav dhau los.
3. Tab sis muaj ib tug to taub tias qhov no yog yav tag los, uas peb yuav tsum paub thiab uas yuav tsum tau fwm, uas txhais tau tias ua ntej los yog tom qab yuav hais txog qhov kev ncaj ncees thiab kho tshiab, thiab tso tseg suburbs manor yuav zoo siab rau peb nrog nws kev zoo nkauj.

Thiab ces:

• Dugino - qhov chaw uas txuam nrog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub 19 ntxias nyob rau hauv. . - thaum ntxov xyoo pua 20th, thiab tam sim no tsuas chaw uasi, yuav yog ib daim duab tsev cia puav pheej;
• Marfino - qub tub rog resort, muaj ntau fwm sculpted griffins, ib lub pas dej thiab cov chaw ua si yuav tig mus rau hauv ib tug zoo nkauj qhov chaw;
• Txawm li cas los, Bykov - yuav tsum yaig maj mam.

Cov ntaub ntawv cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv lub suburbs

Ntaub ntawv hais txog cov qub txeeg qub tes nyob ze Moscow, qhib rau cov pej xeem, ib tug ntau. Nws yog laj mej pej xeem muaj, thiab koj yuav nrhiav tau cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov xwm sib txawv ntawm cov av, tsev, lub koom txoos, ib tug zoo nkauj ua si, thiab yog li nrhiav tau qhov chaw tus kheej txuam nrog tej keeb kwm thiab kev sau ntawv thiab artistic cov txheej xwm. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, kev tshawb fawb yog tsuas priceless kes duab vajtse Natalia Bondareva. Nws tej hauj lwm muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau ib tug piav qhia ntawm ze li ntawm 300 Estates, Estates, pawg ntseeg ntawm Moscow, Moscow cheeb tsam thiab puag ncig.
Natalia Bondarev tau ua qhov no ua hauj lwm txij li thaum 1996, thiab, tsis muaj kev ua xyem xyav, nws tsim nyog ib lo lus ua tsaug thiab zoo siab rau tej nws ua rau kev kawm thiab yav tom ntej xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv, piav txog Moscow Estates, uas yuav muab cov duab nyob rau hauv lub tsev sau. Leej twg yuav ua tau kom lawv cov kev paub nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no.
Tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb hais tias xws li cov neeg niaj hnub no tsis yog nyob ib leeg, thiab chaw pib, txoj kev nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm, thiab los ntawm nws - yog tsis tau kaw nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej.