Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug monopoly, thiab yuav ua li cas sib ntaus sib tua nws?

Lub tswvyim ntawm monopoly tau paub cov neeg txij ancient sij hawm. Niaj hnub no, nyob rau hauv ib tug era kav los ntawm kev ua lag luam kev sib raug zoo, nws tseem pab tau paub dab tsi ib tug monopoly. Nws yog to taub raws li qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam, thaum ib tug tib ruaj ua ib tug khoom los yog muab ib qhov kev pab, uas yog tshwj xeeb, thiab cov emergence ntawm cov neeg sib tw nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam yog tsis yooj yim sua.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub buyers muaj yog tsis muaj kev xaiv, lawv yuav yuam kom yuav khoom xwb los ntawm ruaj-monopolist. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, ib tug meej monopoly - ib tug paub daws teeb tswvyim, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv lub qhaj ntawv ntawm cov neeg sib tw, tsis cais lawv muaj nyob rau hauv lwm lub teb chaws.

Thaum clarified hais tias xws li ib tug monopoly, saib cov ntau yam ntawm nws cov ntaub ntawv:

- kaw, muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kev sib tw los ntawm kev cai lij choj txwv tsis pub;
- tej yam ntuj tso monopoly yog ib tug loj lub tuam txhab uas ua khoom ntawm ib tug txo nqi tshaj ob peb me me tuam txhab uas muag;
- ib qhib monopoly deprived ntawm kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kev sib txeeb, lub tuam txhab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog ib tug ib ntus cim tsum ntawm tej khoom. Qhov no kev faib theej zwj ceeb, txij li thaum ib co tuam txhab uas muag tej zaum yuav thov ib txhij rau ntau hom kev monopolies. Piv txwv ntawm no yog cov roj lub tuam txhab los yog hu xov tooj lub tuam txhab.

Cia peb tam sim no xav txog dab tsi yog ib tug monopoly, muab lub sij hawm qab ntug. monopoly npaj tej zaum yuav luv luv-lub sij hawm, medium-lub sij hawm thiab ntev-lub sij hawm. Piv txwv li, nrog rau cov kev pab los ntawm lub patent daim ntawv pov thawj, lub tuam txhab tau txais ib tug monopoly kaw rau ib luv luv lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm. Qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog vim tus raug lub sij hawm ntawm validity ntawm lub patent, tab sis kuj vim hais tias ntawm lub peev xwm sib tw ntawm cov invention ntawm cov khoom tshiab.

Muaj kuj yog ib tug ob sab sib dho monopoly rau lub zog ua lag luam. Qhov no yog ib qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv uas lub mov sab muaj no tsuas muaj ib muag khoom, thiab nyob rau qhov kev thov sab - lub xwb buyer. Nyob rau hauv xws tshwm sim, lub volume ntawm cov khoom thiab tus nqi yog txiav txim los ntawm ob tog thaum lub sij hawm cov kev sib khom. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm xws li ib tug monopoly tej zaum yuav ib tug bakery, qhov tsuas yog ib nyob rau hauv lub nroog, uas ua hmoov rau lub tsuas hmoov zeb.

Monopoly nyob rau hauv lub zog ua lag luam yuav tsum sawv cev los ntawm xws li ib qhov teeb meem, nyob rau hauv uas tus neeg ua haujlwm yog feemxyuam thiab muaj peev xwm. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub monopoly yog ib tug manifestation ntawm kev ua lag luam hwj chim nyob rau ib feem ntawm lub zog mov. Piv txwv li, ib tug tshuab raj los yog ib tug txawj sau ntawv, muaj copyright pab ib ntus monopoly. Lub ntev copyright, qhov ntau tseem ceeb nyiaj los ntawm cov khoom ntawm nws puas siab puas ntsws lub dag zog.
Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug monopoly nyob rau hauv Russia thiab dab tsi yog nws cov nta? Tus thawj monopoly nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws sawv nyob rau hauv lub lig XIX xyoo pua, ntawm lawv lub Union rail manufacturers uas osuschestvlyavlyal siv ntawm railways. Tom qab lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig ntawm 1917, xyoo uas lub monopoly tau abolished. Zog ntawm Guj kuj tam sim no sawv ib daim ntawv tshiab ntawm no phenomenon - lub formal neeg. Nws yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm shareholders, thiab lub ntsiab luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub hmoo ntawm lub tuam txhab, raws li ib tug txoj cai, tswj ua si.