Yuav ua li cas yog txawv los ntawm lub nozzle rab phom? Tua tsiaj phom loj haum

Rab phom haum, tsis muaj ib tug tsis ntseeg, yog lub feem ntau noble thiab romantic riam phom siv los ntawm cov neeg tua tsiaj ntawm tag nrho cov muaj hnub nyoog. Tsim los rau kev yos hav zoov, muab ob npaug rau-barreled shotgun nrog ib tug rifled chim nyob rau hauv lub UK ntawm xyoo 1830 thiab 1840, thaum nyob rau hauv lub mountainous cheeb tsam ntawm Scotland tau los ua ib tug nrov tua mos lwj. Kom txog thaum uas lub sij hawm, tsuas yog siv ib zaug xwb-phom, tab sis zoov yog cov paub txog qhov yuav tsum tau rau ib tug ceev thib ob txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv, mas rau tag tawm pig kev ua si.

piav me ntsis txog

Rau ob peb lub puas xyoo, cov neeg tau siv phom mus yos hav zoov. Dab tsi uas tsis tuaj rau lawm tej tsiaj thiab cov noog: haum, phom, phom, phom suab sib txawv designs thiab calibres. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab latitudes yog ib tug prestigious kev ua si loj mus yos hav zoov: cov tsiaj qus npua teb, elk, Xyooj, mos lwj. Tab sis qhov tseem hlub trophy tsiaj no yog cov "Big Tsib": ntxhw, tsov ntxhuav, twjkum, tsov txaij thiab twm. Txhua tus ntawm lawv yog cov, ces lawv ntau lawm no mas siv tshwj xeeb loj-caliber phom nrog rifled tej kas tham raws - fittings.

Feem ntau cov feem ntau, qhov no hom ntawm riam phom yog txawm peem rau nrog ob tug reclining tej kas tham - nws yog lub feem ntau mobile, pom hom layout. Nws tso cai rau ib tug los ntawm ib tug mus nqa tawm ob killer txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv. Txawm tias thaum misfire thawj tua tus shooter muaj sij hawm rau ib tug thib ob.

Tseem muaj single-chim versions - rau kev yos hav zoov nyob rau hauv lub roob, qhov chaw uas tseem ceeb cov neeg thiab ntau yam ntawm ib lub mos txwv. Austrian thiab German gunsmiths tsim peb, thiab txawm chetyrehstvolnye universal mus yos hav zoov phom haum. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub ob lub ntsiab yeej muaj ib tug loj caliber, thiab lwm yam ob - tus me calibers rau ntau hom kev ua si.

kev faib

Qhov no ua tsov rog tau tuaj ib tug ntev thiab "thorny" txoj kev clumsy dulnozaryadnyh phom, uas siv yus hmoov dub, rau high-tech "nitroekspressov", uas embodies qhov zoo tshaj plaws tswv yim ntawm engineering. Uas twb muaj lawm hom nozzles raug muab faib ua peb cov chav kawm ntawv:

• Launcher - watershed phom obsolete tsim, uas siv oblong los yog hloov puab luv luv lead nyias qhov. Feeb ntau, qhov no hom ntawm riam phom siv cov hmoov dub. Tus tshaj tawm los ntawm lub mos txwv uas tsis muaj: 320-510 m / s.
• Qhia - watershed phom nozzle calibers .450, .500, .577, thiab lwm tus neeg. Ii elongated mos txwv nonenveloped, nyob rau lub thawj zaug tshaj tawm 465-610 m / sec. Kuj siv hmoov dub.
• Nitroekspress - "perelomka" tsim rau hauv ib tug niaj hnub mos txwv plhaub, xa mus los ntawm lub smokeless hmoov. Tus nqi ntawm 564-991 m / s.
• Bullpup - ib lo lus tshiab nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm ib tug ib leeg-fittings ntawm tus me caliber. Txhais xa los rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub chim thiab yog nyob qab lub rauj mechanism thiab chim (tsis tipping) yog kawm raws li lub taub qab. Qhov no arrangement yuav ua kom nws ua tau, tsis txo qhov ntev ntawm lub thoob, ua qhov riam phom heev compact. Rau nraum chaw thau khoom leans rov qab ib feem ntawm lub lab, nws tej zaum kuj yuav muab tso rau ntxiv ammo.

Los ntawm evolution mus kiv puag ncig

Txawm tias lub union yuav mus rau ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib hom ntawm kev yos hav zoov cov riam phom, tsis tau yog muab tau los ntawm tag nrho phiaj. Thoob plaws hauv nws cov evolution, nyob rau hauv kev cov ntsiab lus uas, lawv lagged qab txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lwm yam phom mus yos hav zoov phom nyob rau hauv lub luag hauj lwm ntawm catch-up.

Nrog rau cov popularization ntawm cov neeg Asmeskas mus yos hav zoov thaum pib ntawm lub XX xyoo pua rau qhov siv thiab ua fittings los ntawm ua European Rifleman. Nyob rau hauv 20-ies tau tsim qhov zoo tshaj plaws piv txwv ntawm express u (tshwj xeeb cov khoom uas zoo sawv tawm British Masters), eclipsed nws tus yam ntxwv thiab "gladkostvolki" thiab carbines. Lawv tseem yog cov npau suav ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb zoov.

Yuav ua li cas yog qhov txawv ntawm cov phom nozzle

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lub union - tib yam raws tag nrho phiaj (ntsug los yog kab rov tav) ntawm rab phom, tab sis lawv yug tsis muaj tus thiab grooved. Qhov no lub cev yuav pab kom ntau leej, ntau thiab ntau lub hwj chim rau xa ib lub mos txwv. Cov ntxeev sab ntawm tus txheej txheem no yog lub siab generated nyob rau hauv lub thoob, vim uas tshwj xeeb uas yuav tsum tau yuam rau lub dag lub zog ntawm lub qhov rooj system - nws yog muaj nuj nqis kho kom zoo.

Muab cov loj caliber chim, los ntawm lub "tuab-walled", close-haum ntsia liaj qhov rooj phom, feem ntau yog hnyav thiab loj, ntsig txog, nws tsis yog haum rau khiav hunts.

Knockdown thiab siv ceev xwmphem hwj chim ntawm loj-caliber qauv yog zoo kawg li: ib tug mos txwv yog txaus mus ntaus cov loj tshaj plaws av rau lub ntiaj chaw - tus ntxhw. Txawm yog hais tias tus txhaj tshuaj yog tsis muaj tseeb, cov kev tig tau lub zog ntawm lub projectile txaus mus khob cia, thiab rau ib lub sij hawm rau neutralize tej kev ua si loj. Tsis muaj lwm yam hom civil riam phom yog tsis muaj peev xwm.

Yuav tsum paub hais tias nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau siv ib tug riam phom, tsis muaj zem lawv hais tias lub union - rau pros. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog loj loj caliber tsim nuances, ib tug ntau ntawm qhov ceeb thawj thiab ua ib qho chaw khuam rau lub efficiency ntawm lawv cov kev siv inexperienced zoov.

hom calibers

Fittings rau lwm cov laj thiab, raws li, lub caliber yog muab faib ua ob pawg loj: European style thiab African-Indian. Rau kev yos hav zoov nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb latitudes (cov teb chaws Europe, Russia, North America, qhov chaw ntawm Asia) yog txwm siv "me me" caliber: 9,3h74R; 8h57JRS; 7h65R. Raws li, qhov ntev ntawm cov phom loj chim piv: 550-600 hli.

Tsiaj txhu ntawm teb chaws Africa, Is Nrias teb, Southeast Asia, yog loj nyob rau hauv loj, deb ntau txaus ntshai rau tus neeg tua tsiaj. Caliber rau coj xaiv xws giants: .375N-H; .416Rigby; .470N thiab tshaj.

Tus haib tshaj cov tsev koom nyiaj

Muaj nitroekspressy monsters nrog lossis loj (los ntawm cov qauv ntawm kev yos hav zoov) caliber. Piv txwv li, rau ib ntev lub sij hawm nws yog tus haib tshaj phom ruaj Holland & Holland chambered rau .600 Nitro Express, tsim los ntawm Jeffrey. Txawm li cas los, vim rau qhov whim ntawm ib tug millionaire (uas xav kom tau yog qhov kawg .600), Holland & Holland rau weighty nyiaj ceased lawm nyob rau hauv 1975. Daim ntawv cog lus nqi yog ib daim card, tiam sis thaj nws yog tseem ceeb heev, vim hais tias ib tug nitroekspress caliber .600 yog nqi ntau tshaj li 100 000 dollars.

Txawm li cas los, cov capitalists pom ib tug yooj yim txoj kev uas yuav tau txais ib ncig ntawm lub kev txwv sib raug zoo daim ntawv cog lus - ua rab phom ntau loj caliber. Thaum qhov kev thov ntawm lub American William Feldstein Holland & Holland nyob rau hauv 1989 tau tsim ib rab phom .700 Nitro Express caliber, thiab mos txwv tsim nyob rau hauv Tswb Basic Toog. Kws txawj hais tias - yog ib tug haib mus yos hav zoov phom loj nyob rau hauv keeb kwm. Nyob rau hauv thawj mus yos hav zoov peb txhaj tshuaj peb ntxhw tau raug tua.

qhov teeb meem nqi

Niaj hnub no, txawm nrog qhov zuj zus txwv tsis pub rau kev yos hav zoov txaus ntshai ua si yuav tsum tau rau ob-chim cov tsev koom nyiaj tseem zoo li qub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nws tawm los rau kev yuav khoom commission (b / y) ntawm cov kev lom. Feem ntau cov commands hwm caliber fittings mas yuav kis tau los yog lolus, los yog "yos hav zoov-dreamers" uas xav kom muaj tib yam riam phom, yuav ua li cas peb siv Dzheyms Sazerlend, Dzhon Hanter thiab lwm tus neeg.

Kws txawj heev kom tsis skimp on no hom ntawm riam phom, Yog hais tias koj npaj yuav siv rau ib tug tiag tiag mus yos hav zoov muas tau cov phom haum. Nqe nyob rau hauv lub hom phom, nws caliber, chaw tsim tshuaj paus lub technical mob thiab keeb kwm muaj nqis. Yog hais tias koj xav mus yuav cov nitroekspress, tus nqi lossis ntawm ib tug ob peb txhiab daus las yuav tsum ceeb toom rau tsis yooj yim dua rau cov pheej yig ntawv luam ntawm poob tom qab ib tug ob peb txhaj tshuaj. Upscale thiab yog li ntawd, txhim khu kev qha thiab zoo kuaj kaum ntawm phav phav nyiaj. Nrog rau qhov no nyob rau hauv lub siab lub tuam txhab, koom nyob rau hauv kev yos hav zoov nyob rau hauv teb chaws Africa ua si loj, muaj lawv tus kheej sau los ntawm fittings thiab tes lawm lawv cov neeg muas zaub mus xauj. Ntawm tus tshiab uas pheej yig tshaj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no yog Izhevsk qauv MR221 thiab MR251 (20 000 rubles).

Rab phom haum: phom Russia

Nyob rau hauv Russia, lub fittings raws li ib tug mus yos hav zoov ua tsov rog tsis ua thoob plaws, tej zaum vim tsis muaj dlej mus yos hav zoov cov khoom. Tab sis lawv tau tau lug siv nyob rau hauv lub imperial pab tub rog. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, ib co manufactures thiab craftsmen ua fittings nyob rau hauv me me qhov ntau, mas rau zus tau tej cov bears.

Los ntawm kev fittings domestic ntau lawm daim ntawv "ib leeg-barreled phom" IZH18N (nrog tshem du chim 12 gauge muaj), muab ob npaug rau-barreled shotgun caj pas "Qhia" MR251 enhanced ntawm locking thiab MR221 "Artemis". Cov qauv no yog tus me me caliber, uas, li cas los xij, yog txaus rau txhim khu kev qha kev puas tsuaj ntawm tej tsiaj nyob rau hauv peb latitudes.

xaus

Lub union, nyob rau hauv particular nitroekspressy, yog cov feem ntau haib cov cuab yeej rau kev yos hav zoov cov mos txwv. Tsaug rau ib tug rifled chim thiab kuj zoo kawg siab nyob rau hauv nws channel thaum lub sij hawm ntawm firing lub mos txwv tau ntau zog kinetic zog, yoov farther thiab ntau meej ntaus. Los ntawm rifled carbines txawv loj npaum li cas caliber, thiab tau ib yam khoom ntawm ob (los yog xav paub ntxiv) txhaj tshuaj "ib tug rau ib tug" pillar ntawm txoj hauj lwm pom.

Ntawm cov shortcomings sau tseg ib qho kev nce nyob rau hauv lub ceeb thawj ntawm lub caj npab (ib co nitroekspressy hnyav ntau tshaj li 5 kg), ib tug rhiab rov qab (muaj tseeb rau loj caliber) thiab nqi. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug muab ob npaug rau-barreled (peb, plaub) kev ua tau zoo, zoo ntau yog txo. Txawm li cas los, lub haum ntawm cov European hom me me caliber cov shortcomings tsis muaj.