Dante Alighieri thiab Beatrice Portinari

Tej zaum muaj ntau yam ntawm koj paub los yog tsawg kawg twb tau hnov txog Dante Alighieri thiab nws tsis txawj tuag ua hauj lwm "Cov Divine Comedy". Niaj hnub no cov muaj koob meej ntawm muaj coob tus neeg Dante mas yuav kis tau los ntawm cov khoom Dena Brauna "Inferno" thiab cov zaj duab xis raws li nyob rau hauv no tshiab. "Divine Comedy", nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, yog lub pinnacle ntawm creativity Dante thiab loj tshaj creation ntawm tag nrho cov medieval European ntaub ntawv. Tab sis ob peb cov neeg paub yuav ua li cas koj pom no zoo kawg li ua hauj lwm, rau leej twg nws tau sau, thiab nws yog txuam nrog Dante lub neej. Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm koj yuav nrhiav tau cov lus teb rau tag nrho cov lus nug thiab tshaj. Thiab peb mam li pib nrog ib tug biography ntawm Dante, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv nws cov lus dag cov lus teb rau ib lo lus nug voiced saum toj no.

biography

Dante lub pog koob yawg koob twb tsis zoo li neeg. Raws li cov lus dab neeg, lawv yog ib tug ntawm cov neeg uas nrhiav tau Florence. Dante nws tus kheej twb yug los nyob rau hauv tib lub nroog nyob rau hauv Tej zaum 1265. Lub caij nyoog hnub nws yug los tsis tau tsim vim tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov chaw ntawm cov kev kawm txawj ntse txawj sau ntawv thiab kws sau paj lug yog tsis paub, tiam sis peb paub hais tias nws tau txais paub nws kim heev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, science thiab kev ntseeg. Nws thawj saib, raws li historians, yog Brunetto Latini - paub thaum lub sij hawm ib tug Italian kawm thiab kws sau paj lug. Cov soj ntsuam ntawm hais tias nyob rau hauv lub 1286-1287 xyoo Dante twb kawm nyob rau hauv ib tug heev nto moo thiab raws li txoj cai ntawm lub chaw thaum lub sij hawm - University of Bologna.

Txiav txim siab los ua pov thawj nws tus kheej raws li ib tug pej xeem lub cev, Alighieri nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub XIII xyoo pua tau kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm Florence thiab nyob rau hauv 1301 nws tau txais lub npe ntawm Ua ntej - thaum high txaus title. Txawm li cas los nyob rau hauv 1302 nws, nrog rau cov neeg sab nrauv nws tsim dawb Guelph twb banished los ntawm Florence. Los ntawm txoj kev, dhau lawm, thiab nws tau tuag nyob rau hauv exile, tsis pom ib tug loj hometown. Nyob rau hauv cov nyuaj xyoo, Dante thiab nqa tam sim ntawd ntawm lub lyrics. Thiab yog dab tsi yog cov thawj hauj lwm ntawm no kuj zoo kawg kws sau paj lug, thiab dab tsi yog lawv txoj hmoo, peb yuav tam sim no qhia.

thaum ntxov Writings

By lub sij hawm Dante yog ib tug twb tau ua hauj lwm La Vita Nuova ( "Tshiab Lub neej"). Tab sis raws li ob treatises yeej tsis tau ua kom tiav. Ntawm lawv yog cov "tsiab peb caug" - ib yam ntawm cov tawm tswv yim thiab txhais lus rau cov Canzone. Dante hlub nws cov haiv neeg hom lus, thiab tag nrho nws cov hom tas li sib ntaus sib tua rau nws txoj kev loj hlob. Uas yog vim li cas yug los treatise "Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws lus", sau los ntawm tus kws sau paj lug nyob rau hauv Latin. Nws twb tos rau txoj hmoo ntawm lub "tsiab peb caug": nws kuj twb tsis ua kom tiav. Tom qab Alighieri muab ua hauj lwm rau cov hauj lwm, nws lub siab thiab lub sij hawm coj ib tug tshiab ua hauj lwm - "Lub Divine Comedy". Hais txog nws tam sim no tham nyob rau hauv ntau yam.

"Divine Comedy"

Ua hauj lwm rau no zaj paj huam rau rau siab ua Beatrice Portinari, Dante pib, ua nyob rau hauv exile. Nws muaj peb qhov chaw, hu ua lub Canticle: "ntuj raug txim", "Purgatory" thiab "lub Vaj Kaj Siab." Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov kawg ntawm uas Dante tas sau ntawv tsocai ua ntej nws tuag, thiab tseem muaj kev tswj kom tiav txoj hauj lwm. Txhua Canticle muaj xws li ob peb zaj nkauj, muaj raws ntawm Terzigno. Nthuav fact: nyob rau hauv lub "Divine Comedy" raws nraim 100 songs, thiab nyob rau hauv txhua txhua ib feem ntawm lawv peb caug-peb, thiab lwm tus ua raws li ib tug taw qhia.

Peb tham txog lub neej ntawm Dante, nws tej hauj lwm, tab sis tu lub point: yog ib tug uas nws sau "Lub Divine Comedy". Biography ntawm lub Italian kws sau paj lug - ib zaj dab neeg kev hlub mus txog thaum tuag, unrequited thiab tragic.

Dante thiab Beatrice Portinari

Dante tus kheej lub neej tau raug mob uas tsuas muaj ib tug poj niam. Nws tau ntsib nws thaum tseem muaj ib tug me nyuam tub - nws muaj cuaj xyoos. Thaum lub koob tsheej nyob rau hauv lub nroog, nws pom lub yim-xyoo tus ntxhais ntawm ib tug neeg nyob ze, uas nws lub npe yog Beatrice. Dante tiag poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog nws, thaum cuaj xyoos tom qab tau ntsib nws twb sib yuav poj niam. Unrequited hlub quaj los kuamuag vim kws sau paj lug, thiab txawm xya xyoo tom qab txoj kev tuag ntawm Beatrice Portinari, nws tsis hnov qab txog nws. Twb tom qab ib tug ob peb centuries, lub npe ntawm Dante thiab nws tus hlub tau ua ib lub cim ntawm no unrequited hlub platonic.

Beatrice Portinari, uas nws biography tsuas yog txoj kev hlub ntawm Dante rau nws tragically txiav luv luv: nws tuag nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm nees nkaum plaub lub xyoos. Txawm li cas los, qhov no tsis txhais hais tias tus poj Italian kws sau paj lug ceased mus hlub nws. Tab sis yog nws tuaj mus rau hauv ib tug sib yuav ntawm yooj yim, tab sis tag nrho nws lub neej txog thaum nws tuag cia li hlub nws. Dante yog ib tug me ntsis txaj muag, thiab ua nyob rau hauv kev hlub nrog Beatrice, tau hais rau nws xwb ob zaug nyob rau hauv nws lub neej. Koj muaj peev xwm tsis hu cov hu txawm tham: nws tau ntsib nyob rau hauv txoj kev, Beatrice Portinari thiab Dante cia li mus hais nyob zoo. Tom qab hais tias, cov kws sau paj lug, elated nrog tus xav tias nws kos mloog mus rau txoj kev hlub ntawm nws lub neej, khiav tsev, qhov chaw uas nws muaj ib tug npau suav, uas yuav tsum yog ib ntawm cov tawg tsam ntawm lub "Tshiab Lub neej". Tus thawj kev sib tham ntawm Dante Alighieri thiab Beatrice Portinari tuaj thaum lawv tseem me nyuam thiab cov thawj ntsib nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj so koobtsheej nyob rau hauv Florence.

Ntau zaus Dante pom nws tus hlub, tab sis tham nws tau ua tsis tau tejyam nws. Yuav kom Beatrice tsis paub nws txoj kev xav, yog li lawv feem ntau tau them nyiaj mloog mus rau lwm yam poj niam, uas nyob rau hauv ib co sij hawm tshwm sim los resentment ntawm nws tus hlub. Nws yog vim hais tias ntawm no nws tom qab nres hais lus rau nws.

Txoj hmoo ntawm Beatrice

Nws twb yug los rau hauv ib tug neeg uas nplua nuj: nws txiv, Folco Portinari de, yog ib tug naas ej Florentine banker, niam kuj tuaj ntawm ib tsev neeg ntawm bankers Bardi, uas tau muab nyiaj txais rau popes thiab kav cov vaj ntxwv. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau nws, cov tsev neeg yog tseem 5 ntxhais, uas yog tsis xav tsis thoob rau medieval teb chaws Europe. Raws li yuav pom los ntawm cov tseem muaj sia nyob qhov chaw, Puam lub neej, raws li nws yog affectionately hu ua nws tus phooj ywg thiab Dante proceeded sai heev. Thaum nees-nkaum ib, nws sib yuav ib tug influential banker ntawm tsev neeg ntawm nws niam - Simone dei Bardi. Peb xyoos tom qab, Beatrice tuag. Muaj ntau ntau lub versions ntawm nws txoj kev tuag. Ib tug ntawm lawv hais tias tus hlub Dante tuag nyob rau hauv me nyuam, thiab lwm yam - uas nws tuag yog hais txog tus kab mob no. Tom qab ib tug ob peb xyoos tom qab kev tuag ntawm Beatriche Dante kuv tau sib yuav nyob rau hauv lub xam ntawm ib tug poj niam los ntawm ib tug aristocratic Italian tsev neeg Donati.

Cawv rau Dante

Beatrice Portinari, uas nws portrait koj yuav saib tau hauv qab no, yog sib txawv dog dig los ntawm uas twb tau piav los ntawm Dante. Nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm, nws yog inclined rau idealize nws txoj kev, tig mus ua ib tug vajtswv poj niam, uas nws pe hawm. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm Beatrice Portinari Dante, yees duab portraits uas koj yuav saib tau hauv qab no, rau ib ntev lub sij hawm tseem muaj kev nyuaj siab. Nws tsev neeg ntshai tsam hais tias lub kws sau paj lug yuav ua yus tua yus, li ntawd, npaum li cas nws raug kev txom nyem. Nyob rau hauv lub kawg, Dante puas siab puas ntsws ntsoog ntawd, thiab nws pib mus rau sau "lub neej tshiab", tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam hauj lwm sau los ntawm tus sau phau ntawv uas muaj tej lub tsis ntawm ib tug hlub poj niam.

Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab

Lub npe Beatrice Portinari tseem nyob rau hauv keeb kwm thiab ua paub hnub no xwb vim hais tias Dante. Nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm nws zoo nkaus li ntau heev thiab nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntaub ntawv. Thiab qhov no siv tsis tau tsuas yog rau cov "Divine Comedy", tab sis lwm yam hauj lwm: piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub "Tshiab Lub neej" thiab sonnets, sau los ntawm nws cov phooj ywg. Beatrice pom nws embodiment nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm lwm cov sau phau ntawv, xws li Lavxias teb sab: Nikolai Gumilyov, Konstantin Balmont, Valery Bryusov.

Marriage Beatrice Portinari

Contrary kom txoj kev hlub ntawm tus poj poet ntawm nws tus hlub yog nyob rau hauv tsis muaj hurry mus muab reciprocal favors. Vim hais tias nws tuaj ntawm ib tug noble tsev neeg, nws yog yuav tsum tau sib yuav rau lub xam ntawm ib tug muaj nyiaj tug tswv cuab ntawm cov haiv neeg ntawm nws niam, Simone De Bardi. Unknown, nws yog kev zoo siab los yog tsis. Qhov no yuav tsuas yuav twv. Los ntawm txoj kev, thaum Dante pom Beatrice Portinari thib ob lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv nws lub neej, xya xyoo tom qab uas lawv tau ntsib, thaum lawv yog menyuam yaus, nws yog tseem tsis tau sib yuav.

Peb yuav tsis hais raws nraim li, yuav yog los ze zog mus Dante rau Beatrice, thiab nws yuav tsum tau nyob twj ywm kom txog rau thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej, thiab tsuas yog lub feem ntau kim platonic kev hlub. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, raws li lub neej thiab kev tuag ntawm Beatrice muaj ib tug yawm cawv rau cov kab lis kev cai ntawm ltalis raws li ib tug tag nrho, thiab nyob rau hauv Italian kws sau paj lug nyob ib leeg. Xws li cov tuag ntawm cov poj poet txuas nrog kev txom nyem tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus poj niam uas nws hlub. Thiab rightly li ntawd. Peb yuav to taub vim li cas.

kev tuag ntawm Dante

Tom qab ib tug ob peb xyoos tom qab Beatrice tuag, nws tsis pub leejtwg paub admirer sib yuav nyob rau hauv lub xam ntawm ib tug poj niam los ntawm ib tug aristocratic tsev neeg Donati. Tag nrho cov sij hawm tom qab qhov kev tshwm sim, thiab rau tus tuag ntawm Dante sau. Tag nrho cov hauj lwm uas tuaj tawm ntawm nws cwj mem, twb yeej mob siab rau ib tug ntawm Beatrice Portinari. Biography Dante lov li ntawd sai sai thiab sai heev hais tias nws yog tsis cia siab rau. да Поленты. Nyob rau hauv 1316-1317 xyoo ntawm tus poj poet settles nyob rau hauv lub Italian nroog ntawm Ravenna, mus txog muaj nyob rau ntawm lub caw ntawm Signor Guido da Polenta. Ravenna tsa ambassador rau lub ntawv sib yeem lus nrog lub koom pheej ntawm St. Mark tus, Dante mus rau Venice. Cov hais lus twb ntse, tab sis nyob rau txoj kev rov qab mus rau lub kws sau paj lug cog lus malaria thiab tuag, thiab ua ntej xeeb Ravenna. Undoubtedly, txoj kev tuag ntawm cov poj poet yog inextricably txuas nrog kev tuag ntawm Beatrice Portinari. Photo tuag daim npog qhov ncauj ntawm Dante koj yuav saib tau hauv qab no.

а Полента обещал построить роскошный мавзолей в честь Данте, однако по неизвестным нам причинам не сделал это. Signor Guido e Polenta thiab cog lus tseg rau tsim ib tug zoo kawg li mausoleum nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm Dante, tab sis tsis tau rau yog vim li cas tsis paub rau peb nws. Qhov zoo Italian kws sau paj lug lub qhov ntxa twb tsa xwb nyob rau hauv 1780. Nthuav fact: portrait, xwm li nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntxa uas Boccaccio, ib tug ob peb unreliable. Dante yog xwm li nyob rau nws nrog ib tug tuab cov hwj txwv, thaum nws yeej ib txwm shaved ntseeg nkaws nyob rau hauv lub neej tiag tiag.

nthuav lus tseeb

Raws li cov hauj lwm ntawm Dante tau sau ntawv ib tug ntau ntawm cov duab. Ntawm cov nto moo tshaj plaws - "ntuj raug txim Card" (La mappa dell inferno) Sandro Botticelli. Niaj hnub nimno txawj sau ntawv Den Braun nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv "Inferno" piav txog tus encrypted lus nyob rau hauv daim duab no trasngumanista Bertrand Zobrist. Los ntawm txoj kev, nyob rau hauv lub saum toj no ua hauj lwm yuav luag tag nrho cov zajlus yog khi rau lub "Divine Comedy" thiab nws cov niaj hnub txhais lus.

Ezhen Delakrua, Fabkis cov neeg pleev kob, spellbound ntawm txoj hmoo ntawm Dante thiab Beatrice Portinari, ib tug portrait uas, Tu siab, tsis tau fwm, pleev xim rau "Lub Barque ntawm Dante," uas tau kuj kis tau lub ntiaj teb no koob meej.

Tsis spared lub kev cuam tshuam ntawm Dante thiab Lavxias teb sab sau ntawv thiab paj huam. Piv txwv li, muaj ib tug ob peb Anny Ahmatovoy tus kwv huam, yog ib txoj kev los sis lwm kev cob cog rua nrog Beatrice Portinari thiab Dante. Muaj yog tus ntawm lub Italian txawj sau ntawv thiab Lavxias teb sab paj huam Nikolai Gumilyov, uas kuj yog siv rau hauv cov duab ntawm Dante, ib tug exile nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm. Hauv qab no, koj yuav cia li pom ib daim duab ntawm "Lub Barque ntawm Dante," uas depicts lub kws sau paj lug txoj kev mus rau ntuj raug txim. Qhov no yog qhov pib ntawm lub "Divine Comedy."

xaus

Muaj tseeb txhua leej txhua tus uas twb tau sau nrog lub neej thiab txoj kev xav ntawm Dante, xav tias nws yog tam sim no yooj yim (thiab tej zaum hnyav) tu siab. Tseeb, zaj dab neeg txog dab tsi tshwm sim ntawm Beatrice Portinari thiab Dante Alighieri, koj yuav tsis tuaj nrog. Qhov no ua yeeb yam, li ntawd, tej yam yooj yim thiab tsis tseem ceeb txaus nyob rau hauv nws cov kev nthuav dav, ua ntej yuav tsim ib tug cuav tswv yim ntawm unnatural kev hlub thiab needless kev txom nyem. Tab sis xav zoo, peb to taub hais tias lub ntsiab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov no - lub siab uas hu nkauj zoo kawg Italian kws sau paj lug rau nws tus hlub Beatrice Portinari. Dante, uas nws portrait yog nyob rau hauv ntau theem ntawm nws lub neej koj yuav saib tau nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, ua ib feem ntawm keeb kwm ntiaj teb thiab ib lub cim ntawm yeej muaj tseeb kev hlub, uas yog li ntawd tsis nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.