Dub Pua tog ntawm pib ntawm XX xyoo pua: cov kev pab cuam cov thawj coj,

Dub Pua pua tau hu ua Lavxias teb sab neeg ntawm patriotic cov koom haum ntawm 1905-17, uas tuav haujlwm ntawm monarchism, anti-Semitism thiab kuj zoo kawg-power chauvinism. Cov koom haum siv xav tias tsam lawv mus rau lub rebels. Dub Pua Party nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 20th xyoo pua coj ib feem nyob rau hauv lub dispersal ntawm demonstrations, cov rooj sib tham. Lub koom haum txhawb tsoom fwv, nqa tawm pogroms.

Yuav kom to taub qhov no thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, nws yog heev yooj yim. Tus qauv ntawm cov dub-Pua ob tog muaj cov neeg sawv cev los ntawm cov koom haum uas tsis yeej ib txwm ua ua ke. Txawm li cas los, Yog hais tias koj tsom ntsoov rau cov tseem ceeb, koj yuav pom tias cov dub Pua pua tau general tswv yim thiab cov lus qhia ntawm kev loj hlob. Luv luv nthuav lub ntsiab Lavxias teb sab Dub Pua tog thiab lawv cov thawj coj.

Ntsiab cov koom haum thiab cov thawj coj

"Lavxias teb sab ua ke", tsim nyob rau hauv 1900, yuav muab suav hais tias tus thawj nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws monarchist lub koom haum. Peb yuav tsis coj mus rau hauv tus account rau nws cov thawj, "Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog" (qhov no underground koom haum tsis kav ntev). Txawm li cas los, lub ntsiab quab yuam ntawm lub zog yog cov dub Pua pua "Union ntawm Lavxias teb sab neeg", uas sawv nyob rau hauv 1905

Nws twb mus los ntawm Dubrovin. Purishkevich nyob rau hauv 1908, clashed nrog nws thiab sab laug lub NRC. Nws tsim nws tus kheej lub koom haum "Union Mihaila Arhangela." Lub NRC thib ob cais tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1912. Lub confrontation lub sij hawm no sawv nruab nrab ntawm Markov thiab Dubrovin. Lub Union yog tam sim no tshuav Dubrovin. Nws tsim nyob rau ib txoj cai-tis Dubrovinsky "Union ntawm Lavxias teb sab neeg." Mus rau fore, li ntawd, peb mus 3 tus thawj coj ntawm lub monarchists: Markov (NRC), Purishkevich (CMA) thiab Dubrovin (VDSRN).

Basic Dub Pua tog - muaj npe teev saum toj no. Koj yuav tau nco ntsoov rau hauv lub "Lavxias teb sab Monarchist Union". Txawm li cas los, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm no tog tau lub Orthodox txiv plig thiab nobles, yog li no pas dej ua ke yog me me thiab tsis sawv cev rau ib tug tseem ceeb kev txaus siab. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tom qab ib tug thaum lub tog phua. Ib feem ntawm lub koom haum mus rau Purishkevich.

Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lo lus "Black Pua pua"

Lo lus "Black Pua pua" los ntawm lub qub Lavxias teb sab lo lus "Black Pua pua" uas txhais Posadskoe se pejxeem delivsheesya rau cov tub rog-kev tswj chav nyob (pua pua). Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub zog ntawm kev txaus siab rau peb tau mej zeej ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab monarchist, pravohristianskih thiab anti-Semitic cov koom haum. "Black Pua" - ib lub sij hawm uas tau ua lug siv rau xa mus rau txoj kev-tis anti-Semites thiab politicians. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub zog muab rau pem hauv ntej nyob rau hauv lus tsis sib xws rau kev ywj pheej hauv paus ntsiab lus, cov ntsiab cai ntawm qhov tib tug, meej hwj chim. Lawv ntseeg hais tias Russia muaj 3 tus yeeb ncuab, uas yuav tsum tau combated. Qhov no dissident, kev txawj ntse thiab inorodets.

Dub Pua pua thiab trezvennichestvo

Ib feem ntawm cov dub Pua tog sawv ntawm qhov nrov zog rau tshwj kom txhob alcoholism. Cov koom haum yeej tsis raug tsis kam lees trezvennichestvo. Nws twb xav hais tias lub tau ntawm npias nyob rau hauv moderation - ib tug lwm txoj rau vodka lom. Ib feem ntawm lub hlwb ntawm cov dub Pua pua, txawm yog framed nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov xim lub sawm fem, nyeem ntawv rau cov neeg, tshuaj yej thiab txawm npias.

Dub Pua pua thiab cov peasantry

Dub Pua pua - cov neeg sab nrauv uas nws qhov kev pab cuam ntawm kev txiav txim tau tsis tau kom tsim, tsuas yog rau cov kev hu mus rau yeej cov neeg Yudais, intellectuals, liberals thiab revolutionaries. Yog li ntawd, lub peasantry, yuav luag tsis tuaj mus rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov pawg tseem yuav luag unaffected los ntawm cov koom haum.

Pogroms intellectuals thiab cov neeg Yudais

Dub Pua tog ua loj bets rau lub incitement ntawm haiv neeg thiab lub teb chaws ua yeebncuab. Qhov no ua rau riots uas tau swept nyob Russia. Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias tus riots pib txawm ua ntej lub txiag ntawm cov dub Pua pua zog. Intellectuals yeej tsis zam lub tshuab uas tswj "cov yeeb ncuab ntawm Russia". Nws cov neeg sawv cev yuav yooj yim tuav thiab txawm tua nyob rau hauv txoj kev, feem ntau nyob rau hauv ib tug par nrog cov neeg Yudais. Nws tsis txuag txawm lub fact tias ib tug ntau heev ib feem ntawm lub organizers ntawm cov dub Pua pua zog muaj conservative intellectuals.

Tsis yog txhua txhua lub massacres, tsis tooj mus rau nrov lub tswv yim, nws yog ib lub Black Pua tog npaj. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1905-07, cov koom haum yog tseem heev me me. Txawm li cas los, cov dub Pua pua yog heev kom nquag plias nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam, uas yog ib tug mixed pejxeem (Belarus, Ukraine, thiab 15 lub xeev ntawm lub thiaj li hu ua "daj ntawm hais sib haum"). Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam, muaj ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm tag nrho cov mej zeej ntawm lub "Union ntawm Lavxias teb sab neeg", thiab lwm yam zoo xws cov koom haum. pogroms yoj nrog txoj kev loj hlob kev ua ub no ntawm cov dub Pua pua pib zuj zus lawm tso sai sai. Muaj ntau mas cov nuj nqis ntawm ob tog muaj taw mus rau qhov no.

Nyiaj koom haum, ntawv xov xwm tsab

Ib qho tseem ceeb qhov chaw ntawm cov nyiaj pab rau cov dub Pua pua cov tsev koom nyiaj muaj tsoom fwv kev pab. Nyiaj faib los ntawm lub Ministry ntawm Internal Affairs ntawm cov nyiaj los saib xyuas cov kev cai ntawm cov koom haum. Dub Pua tog nyob rau tib lub sij hawm kuj mus sib sau ib tug neeg donations.

Thaum ntau lub sij hawm, lub koom haum luam tawm "Pochaev ntawv" cov ntawv xov xwm "Lavxias teb sab Standard", "nag xob nag", "tswb", "Veche". Dub Pua tog pib ntawm XX xyoo pua nce lawv cov tswv yim nyob rau hauv xws loj ntawv xov xwm raws li "Kievlyanin", "Moscow Xov xwm", "lub teeb", "Citizen".

Congress nyob rau hauv Moscow

Lub koom haum tuav ib tug congress nyob rau hauv Moscow nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj 1906. Nws raug xaiv thawj thiab council tau koom tag nrho cov Dub Pua pua, tsim ib tug "United Lavxias teb sab neeg." Txawm li cas los, lawv cov merger tsis tau tshwm sim. Lub koom haum yog ib lub xyoo tom qab mus nyob qhovtwg li.

Kuv yuav tsum hais tias constructive tswv yim reactionaries (raws li cov ntsiab lus sib tham xov xwm thiab cov koom haum ntawm qhov kev pab cuam) nyob los tsim ib tug conservative zej zog. Nyob rau qhov yuav tsum tau rau parliamentary thiab tus neeg sawv cev tsev nyob rau hauv kev twb loj controversy. Dub Pua pua - cov neeg sab nrauv uas nws qhov kev pab cuam tau teev tseg xwb nyob rau hauv nqe lus dav dav. Yog li ntawd, raws li tau zoo raws li rau lwm yam yog vim li cas, cov koom haum twb tsis zaum.

Dub Pua tog: Program

Qhov kev tshawb xav ntawm "official haiv neeg" yog lub hauv paus ntawm cov kev pab cuam ntawm cov koom haum. Nws yog nominated SS Uvarov, lub minister ntawm kev kawm ntawv, txawm nyob rau hauv lub 1 ib nrab ntawm cov 19th caug xyoo. Qhov no kev tshawb xav tau raws li nyob rau hauv cov mis "Orthodoxy, Autocracy, Nationality." Autocracy thiab Orthodoxy hais Ameslikas Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm. Qhov kawg lub caij ntawm lub mis, "lub teb chaws", to taub raws li ib tug kev cog lus rau cov neeg ntawm lub thawj ob tug. Black-Pua ob tog thiab cov koom haum raws li unlimited autocracy nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws nrog teeb meem ntawm lub ntaus ntawv. Txawm lub xeev Duma, uas nyob thaum lub sij hawm lub kiv puag ncig ntawm 1905-07. Lawv pom tias advisory lub cev rau tus huab tais. Nqa tawm kho nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws lawv perceive li tsis cia siab thiab tsis yooj yim sua nyuab. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv cov kev pab cuam ntawm cov koom haum (piv txwv li, lub NRC) tshaj tawm hais tias txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm cov xovxwm, hais lus, kev ntseeg, koom haum, los ua ke, inviolability ntawm tus neeg, thiab li ntawm. D.

Nrog kev xav txog cov Agrarian kev pab cuam, nws yog uncompromising. Cov Dub Pua pua tsis kam ua concessions. Lawv yog cov tsis txaus siab rau ib qho kev xaiv ntawm ib nrab confiscation ntawm lub tswv av teb chaws. Lawv muaj muag cov peasants ntawm lub xeev-muaj tsis muaj teb chaws thiab tsim lub credit system thiab them nqi xauj tsev.

cadet Tua neeg

Dub Pua tog pib ntawm XX xyoo pua thaum lub sij hawm lub kiv puag ncig (1905-07.) Twb khaws cia nyob rau hauv feem ntau tsoom fwv caum ib txoj cai. Lawv tua ob tug mej zeej ntawm lub Central Committee ntawm lub Cadet tog - GB Yollos thiab MJ Herzenstein. Thiab nws thiab lwm yam yog lawv cov nom tswv tw: lawv liberals, cov neeg Yudais thiab yav tas los lub xeev Duma deputies. Tshwj xeeb npau taws reactionaries tshwm sim los Gertsenshtein xib fwb, uas hais lus rau cov Agrarian lo lus nug. Nws raug tua Xya hli ntuj 18, 1906 nyob rau hauv Terioki. Cov neeg koom ntawm lub "Union ntawm Lavxias teb sab neeg" tau txim nyob rau hauv rooj plaub. Qhov no Polovnev A., N. Yuskevich-Kraskovsky, E. thiab Larichkin Aleksandrov. Thawj peb twb raug txim rau complicity thiab muab rau 6 xyoo, thiab Alexander tau txais 6 lub hlis rau ib yam dab tsi uas yog tsis paub txog lub tswv yim npaj kev ua txhaum. Alexander Kazantsev, artist ntawm lub tua neeg, tau nws tus kheej raug tua los ntawm lub sij hawm uas, yog li tsis txhob nyob nyob rau hauv tsev hais plaub.

Dub Pua pua poob cawv

Dub Pua pua - cov neeg sab nrauv uas lub kiv puag ncig tau ua tsis tau tejyam los ua ib tug tib nom tswv quab yuam, txawm ib co successes. Nws cov neeg sawv cev twb tsis tau mus nrhiav ib tug txaus tus naj npawb ntawm cov phoojywg nyob rau hauv multiform, multi-ethnic Lavxias teb sab zej zog. Tab sis cov mej zeej ntawm qhov no tau muab lawv tus kheej rau radical leftist ob tog thiab tus centrist mas voj voog, uas yog influential nyob rau lub sij hawm. Txawm lub feem ntawm tej phoojywg ntawm cov los ntawm UFW ntawm imperial nationalism kuj tau ntxeev siab tawm tsam lawv.

Ntshai los ntawm episodic ua nruj ua tsiv thiab radical rhetoric ntawm cov dub Pua pua, derzhavniki uas twb nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim, lub haiv neeg nationalism pom yuav luag lub ntsiab kev hem thawj rau lub xeev. Lawv muaj peev xwm los mus hais tau Nicholas II, cov sympathizer "phoojywg", raws li zoo raws li lub tsev hais plaub voj voog ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau tig deb ntawm qhov no. Qhov no ntxiv tsis muaj zog txaus lub Black Pua pua nyob rau hauv cov nom tswv arena rau lub tswv yim ntawm cov txheej xwm ntawm 1917. Lub ntiaj teb ua ntej ua tsov ua rog kuj pab mus rau weakening ntawm lub zog. Nws mus ua haujlwm pab dawb, muaj ntau activists thiab zoo tib yam neeg ntawm cov dub Pua pua. Peb txaus siab nyob rau hauv lub zog nyob rau hauv lub kiv puag ncig ntawm 1917, lub xyoo tsis ua si ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm. Dub Pua pua - cov neeg sab nrauv, cov remnants ntawm uas twb kev khuv leej puas lawm tom qab lub yeej ntawm lub Bolsheviks, uas pom nyob rau hauv nationalism ib tug kev hem thawj rau lub Soviet system.

Txwv ntawm cov koom haum thiab txoj hmoo ntawm lawv cov tswv cuab

Dub Pua koom haum tom qab lub Ob Hlis Ntuj kiv puag ncig tau txwv. Lawv tseem tsuas yog cov nyob rau hauv ib tug underground txoj hauj lwm. Muaj ntau mas cov thawj coj thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog, tuaj koom lub zog dawb. Ib zaug nyob rau exile, lawv thuam cov kev ua ub ntawm Lavxias teb sab emigres. Ib txhia mas cov neeg sawv cev ntawm qhov no tau koom lub sij hawm los ntawm nationalist cov koom haum.