Earthenware - dab tsi yog qhov no? Yuav ua li cas yog txawv los ntawm lub iav tais diav ntim chaws?

Noob neej txij ancient sij hawm siv rau qhov siv thiab ua faience daim hlau thiab khob. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, tais diav ntim chaws yog suav tias yog yuav luag indispensable. Txawm hais tias style ntawm cov khoom, lawv cov khoom technology yog lossi hloov, tab sis lub cov ntaub ntawv uas tseem unchanged. Yuav ua li cas yog faience, thiab yog dab tsi nta nws tau - ua kom to taub qhov no tsab xov xwm.

Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug faience

Faience - ib cov khoom uas yog ua cov tais diav, sab hauv, architectural ntsiab , lwm yam Nws yog yus muaj los ntawm fragility, ceev thiab porosity zoo ... Lub npe ntawm cov khoom no los ntawm lub nroog Italian ntawm Faenza, uas yog nto moo rau tus zus tau tej cov hub khoom.

Earthenware yog tsuas yog siv rau zus tau tej cov tableware, souvenirs thiab ntau yam tej hub khoom plig. Figurines ntawm no hom txawv los ntawm iav ci thiab kev tsuas xyaus ntawm cov xim thiab zoo heev xav tsis thoob. Raws li rau tableware, kitchenware ntawm iav feem ntau tsim ib tug yooj yim daim ntawv thiab zoo li qub. Nws yog zoo meej rau txhua hnub noj mov nrog tej yam yooj yim tableware.

ntawm ntau yam earthenware

Nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov nyiaj uas impurities ob peb hom iav:

1. Calcareous earthenware - tsuas yog quartz thiab cov av nplaum dawb yog muaj li ntawm cwj mem av dawb thiab dolomite. Nrog rau cov additives khoom uas yog los ntau npaum li cas yooj yim thiab ceev.
2. Mos earthenware - no ntxiv rau cov pa muaj pes tsawg leeg txawv plavni - tshuaj uas tsim thaum lub sij hawm thermal ua fusible compound.
3. Feldspar earthenware - nws muaj ib qhov nqi ntawm Feldspar (pob zeb-txoj kev minerals).
4. Hard tais - nws yog lub feem ntau check cov ntaub ntawv uas. Tej khoom muaj siab txhua yam khoom. Obzhog khoom earthenware kis ntawm kub kub.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm earthenware

Noob neej paub dab tsi faience, lwm 4 txhiab. BC. e. Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov thawj tais diav ntim chaws ua txawv me ntsis los ntawm niaj hnub no. Nyob rau hauv Mesopotamia thiab tim lyiv teb chaws earthenware cov khoom ua los ntawm quartz pebbles doped nrog dej qab zib txiv qaub, tooj liab thiab hlau ore.

Ntau tom qab, earthenware nyob rau hauv lub qub ntiaj teb. Xub thawj nws ua hu ua majolica nyob rau hauv ib co Italian lub zos. Ces tus iav khoom uas zoo ua nyob rau hauv Fabkis, nyob rau hauv Saint-Porsche.

Nyob rau hauv Russia, faience tau koob meej nyob rau hauv lub XVIII caug xyoo. Nyob rau hauv Moscow, tag nrho cov Hoobkas rau zus tau tej cov hub khoom. Delftware nqi ntawm cov pejxeem ntawm ib tug ceev pace thiab enjoyed nco tej chaw. Cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov nroj tsuag differed. Yog li, tus tswv ntawm lub manufactory Grebenshchikov pleev xim rau cov tais diav rau ntub enamel. Tais diav ntim chaws Association Kuznetsova txawv kob glaze txheej, qhov ntim ntawm nyem los yog luam ntawv duab. Gzhel Hoobkas manufactures khoom mas nyob rau hauv xiav, raws li zoo raws li ib tug kub-pleev xim rau.

Konakovo faience

Great txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm iav khoom ua MS Kuznetsov, uas yuav nyob rau hauv 1870 iav Hoobkas nyob rau hauv Konakovo. Nws ua mas earthenware pleev xim rau tes los yog luam qauv. Tom qab hais txog 20 xyoo, Kuznetsov pib tsim cov tais diav ntawm polufayans, iav thiab ceramics. Txij li thaum lub nruab nrab-20s. XX xyoo pua lub Hoobkas pib koom nrog rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyuab thiab masters ntawm painting rau tsim kev zoo nkauj qauv rau cov tais diav thiab tsim yaam tshab animalistic sculptures. Lawv tej hauj lwm yog nyob rau hauv coob, uas nyob rau hauv lem pab mus rau expansion ntawm ntau lawm.

Thaum lub sij hawm, ntxias tau los ua ib tug tej yam style ntawm nws cov khoom: organic zoo iav khoom ua si zoo siab thiab luj lug pleev xim rau potechnyh glaze. Konakovo faience exported rau ntau lub teb chaws. Muaj qee yam khoom yog yam xyuam xim fwm rau peb hnub.

Semikarakorsk ceramics

Semikarakorsk faience - ib tug tiag tiag li artistic phenomenon Don av. Rostov cheeb tsam tau koom nyob rau hauv raug tais diav ntim chaws txij ancient sij hawm. Muaj ntau archaeological finds qhia lub hav zoov ntawm artisanal potteries Semikarakorsk txij li thaum pre-Christian lub sij hawm.

Art style Semikarakorsky earthenware nta thawj paintings, buketno-floral ornaments, tej yam ntuj tso scenes, keeb kwm motifs. Masters nyob rau hauv nws drawings twb tau mus qhia txoj kev zoo nkauj thiab lub hwj chim ntawm lawv cheeb tsam, Don kev lig kev cai, tus ntsuj plig ntawm lub Cossacks.

Vim lub high theem ntawm artistic kev txawj Semikarakorsk faience nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no nrhiav tau tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab.

Hom ntawm earthenware

Niaj hnub no, yuav luag txhua qhov txhia chaw siv tais diav ntim chaws. Qhov no yog vim tsis tau tsuas yog rau nws tsis muaj nqi, tiam sis muaj lub simplicity ntawm ua li cov khoom. Cov feem ntau ua earthenware tais diav: tais, phiaj no rau appetizers thiab lub ntsiab tais diav, sib sib zog nqus tais, seledochnitsy, sawv rau cov mov thiab pastry, sauce, bouillon kua zaub tureens thiab vases, khob rau kub dej qab zib, mis nyuj jugs, mugs, ntsev thiab suab thaj. Feem ntau cov hnub nyob rau hauv lub khw koj yuav saib tau ib tug ntau ntau yam ntawm architectural ntsiab los ntawm faience, vuas, chaw. Tsev phau xws pov thawj tsis yog tsuas yog hais txog zoo saj ntawm tus tswv, tab sis kuj hais txog nws cov nyiaj txiag zoo.

Yuav ua li cas ua crockery

Quartz, refractory: ob lub Cheebtsam, ib tug yuav tsum tau siv mus tsim earthenware cov av nplaum dawb. Tus txheej txheem ntawm manufacturing tej hub khoom pib nrog rau lub xeem kev kho mob. Yog li, burning yog nqa tawm ob peb lub sij hawm ib tug av nplaum loj ntawm ib tug kub ntawm 1050 ° C, thaum lub sij hawm no, nws yuav tsum hloov cov xim. Ces nyob rau ib tug kub ntawm 950 ° C yog thov kom muaj ib pob tshab los yog dawb lias glaze. Thaum lub theem kawg yog re-firing. Raws li ib tug ntawm xws li raug tus kab mob faience loj tseem ntxeem tau thiab haum rau hniav nyiaj hniav kub designs. Yog hais tias tais diav ntim chaws yog raug rho tawm haujlwm ntawm ib tug tsawg kub, nws yuav zoo dua rau kom qhov khaus underglaze xim.

Yog li, cov ntaub ntawv uas mus txog ntau ua cov kauj ruam, thaum npaj faience. Diam duab daim hlau tsim txoj kev tso siab lub delicacy ntawm tus txheej txheem no.

tsis muaj kab mob faience

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los ntau thiab ntau nrov huv earthenware. Nws ntau lawm yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau ib tug txawv technology tshaj qhov siv thiab ua cov tais diav los yog figurines. Yuav kom tsim tau ib lub siab lub dag lub zog cov ntaub ntawv uas coated nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb txheej khoom. Nrog kom zoo thiab ceev faj lag luam earthenware kav dej tau mus ua hauj lwm ntev txaus nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no nws yuav zoo tib yam li thaum lub sij hawm ntawm purchase.

Yuav ua li cas kom paub qhov txawv cov tais diav ntim chaws los ntawm Tuam Tshoj

Muaj ntau yam tsis paub qhov txawv ntawm iav los ntawm tais diav ntim chaws, thiab yog feem ntau tsis meej pem, tab sis nruab nrab ntawm lawv yog ib tug txawv. Ceramic khoom uas yus muaj los ntawm ib tug tsawg degree ntawm whiteness, qhov ntau dua cov phab ntsa thickness thiab ib tug tsawg dua lub zog. Tiav lawm cov khoom yog distinguished los ntawm tus nrhiav. Crockery, muab piv nrog iav tsis tau khaws thaum tshav kub kub rau ib ntev lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tej khoom muaj peev xwm tsis mas siab kub. Yog hais tias cov tais diav ntxuav nyob rau hauv dej kub, nws yuav keej. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv Feem ntau nws yog ntau tswv yim siv tableware ua los ntawm iav.

Yuav kom to taub zoo qhov txawv ntawm iav los ntawm tais diav ntim chaws, koj yuav ua ib tug sib piv ntawm cov khoom los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no. Cov thawj tseem ceeb sib txawv - kev kawm ntawm sonority. Nws yuav tsum yooj yim mus khob rau ntawm ntug ntawm lub phaj. Iav emits ib tug ntev thiab cov hum. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lub tswb faience thud.

Nws yog tseem tau los mus txiav txim faience thiab lwm nta. Diav rawg ua los ntawm ceramics tsis kis teeb. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias cov khoom yog raug rho tawm haujlwm ntawm ib tug kuj tsis tshua muaj kub. Lub notable txawv yog du hauv qab nto tais diav. Tej zaum koj yuav saib tau me me dimples, uas yog tsim nyob rau thaum lub sij hawm tua. Kev sib piv, lub hauv qab ntawm lub Tuam Tshoj yog ib txwm ntxhib.

Tuav tseg ntawm crockery yuav tsum tau ntau kev lag kev luam los mus kho nws thiab saib xyuas nws tus mob. Yog hais tias tej kab nrib pleb siv tej khoom no yog undesirable, txij li thaum cov kab mob mus rau mus rau hauv lub pores ntawm earthenware thiab yuav ntxias txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ntau yam kab mob.

Yuav ua li cas yuav tu faience

Raws li cov kev tais diav, earthenware cov khoom yuav tsum tau kev kho mob. Xav tag nrho cov thaj chaw ntawm no cov ntaub ntawv uas, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev ua raws li cov kev cai ntawm lub lag luam, mus cuag cov kev pab cuam lub neej ntawm faience.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj txoj cai - mus ntxuav khoom ntawm iav xwb nyob rau hauv dej sov thiab yaug nyob rau hauv txias. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm dej kub nyob rau hauv cov tais diav yog tsim me me kab nrib pleb thiab tawg khoom qauv.

Detergents, tshwj xeeb yog hmoov, nws yog zoo dua tsis siv. Rau qee kom sib darkened crockery yuav siv ib tug tov ntawm ci dej qab zib los yog ntsev thiab vinegar nyob rau hauv ib tug ratio ntawm 1: 1. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas ntawm cov khoom kub. Qhov tseeb hais tias cov nuj nqis, uas yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog faience, glazed. Yog li ntawd, tom qab rov ntxuav nyob twj ywm lawm. Raws li rau gilding - nws yog thov tshaj lub glaze thiab maj erased los ntawm kev siv. Yog li ntawd, qhov chaw dai kom zoo nkauj nrog kub xim, koj yuav tsis tshiav xav, nws yuav zoo dua yog siv ib tug mos mos daim ntaub los yog ntaub nqus dej. Tshem tawm tsuas los ntawm earthenware khoom tau nrog ib daim ntaub moistened nrog ib tug me me npaum li cas ntawm ammonia.

Txawm tias qhov zoo ntawm cov iav, cov neeg tseem mus txuas ntxiv mus yuav tais diav ntim chaws. Qhov no nkoos rau tej hub manufacturers tsim cov khoom tshiab rau ntau yam ntawm cov laj thawj.