Xov xwm thiab SocietyPhilosophy

Empiricist - dab tsi yog qhov no? fundamentals

Txij li thaum antiquity noob neej xav nyob rau hauv cov lus nug ntawm kev txawj ntse. Philosophical xav tau hloov zuj zuj rau cov neeg uas, raws li ib tug neeg paub lub ntiaj teb no thiab tuag nyob rau hauv nws. Txawm nyob rau hauv ancient lub sij hawm nws originated xws yuav tsum muaj sciences li kev kawm txog zauv, physics, keeb kwm, philosophy. Ces muaj ib lo lus nug ntawm seb puas muaj yog ib txoj kev paub qhov tseeb thiab zoo li cas nws yuav tsum tau raws li. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no muaj tej tsev raws li dogmatism, pragmatism, empiricism.

Empiricism raws li ib tug philosophy

Empiricist - yog thaum lub plawv uas dag ncaj nraim nrog cov tswv yim ua ub no. Hais tias yog dab tsi yog ua los ntawm cov neeg txoj kev kawm. Cov tswvyim no yog nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub tib lub philosophical sib. Sensual kev rau tus tsis empiricism. Qhov no yog nws essence thiab qhov chaw ntawm kev txawj ntse. Kev kawm yog ib lub txiaj ntsim ntawm kev piav thoob hlo impulses neeg.

Francis Bacon - tus tsim ntawm empiricism

Qhov tus tsim ntawm lub flow yog hais tias yuav Francis Bacon, los ntawm cov uas empiricism tau dai kom zoo nkauj nyob rau hauv ib tug paub tab philosophical tswvyim. Tom qab ntawd, nws los tshwm nyob rau hauv ib tug series ntawm taw - thawj ntawm tag nrho cov, ib tug zoo thiab cov zajlus kom empiricism. Nqaij npuas kib insisted tias kev txawj ntse yog tsim nyog mus luaj lub siab thiab xaav ntawm lub empty mlom, thiab muaj kev paub lawm los ntawm kws thiab soj ntawm cov xwm. Lub ntsiab mlom ntawm Bacon: pawg neeg, qhov tsua, ua lag luam, ua yeeb yam. Empiricism tawm tsam cov rationalist currents thiab kev cai dab qhuas scholasticism.

Tseeb nyob rau hauv empiricism

Rationalists thiab empiricists txawv nyob rau hauv kev to taub lub hauv paus ntawm kev paub txog qhov tseeb. Thawj saib nws nyob rau hauv txhim khu kev qha tshawb pom thiab hais tias tsis txhob noj dab tsi khuv xim, absolutising logic thiab deductive txoj kev. Whereas lub empiricist - yog rau so rau hauv induction. Lub ntsiab qhov chaw ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm nws cov thwjtim pom tus tib neeg piav thoob hlo kev (empiricism), nws txoj kev xav. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog kom to taub cov kev xav, txoj kev nws thiab xa nws rho tawm los ntawm qhov tseeb mus rau ib tug neeg nyob rau hauv nws cov thawj, undistorted daim ntawv. Lub ntsiab qhov chaw ntawm kev txawj ntse rau cov empiricist - yog, saum toj no tag nrho, xwm, saib nws thiab ua nyob rau hauv nws, generating ib tug lawm. Cov lus qhia no yog nyob ze rau tej sciences li biology, tshuaj, physics thiab astronomy.

Qhov tseeb empiricism - nyob contemplation tshwm sim, uas yog qhia nyob rau hauv cov nram no cov ntaub ntawv:

• lawm (mirroring nyob rau hauv tus neeg thaj chaw ntawm nco qab thiab sab ntawm ib yam dab tsi, tej yam nyob rau hauv qhov txhia);

• xaav (tsim ib daim duab ntawm lub paub yam khoom nyob rau hauv lub synthesis ncus);

• sawv cev (ntse tshwm sim generalization nrig txog kev pom-piav thoob hlo empiricism, tsis ntaus nqi los ntawm tam sim no, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm).

Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev paub txog qhov tseeb txiv neej muab kev koom tes nrig txog kev pom, gustatory, tactile, hnov ncus, muab tso rau hauv ib tug cuav los ntawm txoj kev nco thiab lub tswv yim. Empiricist piav txog cov muaj nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev eksteroretseptivnoy (tsis totaub) thiab interoretseptivnye (Pib ntsais koj teeb txog lub internal lub xeev) systems. Yog li, piav thoob hlo-lub siab lub ntsws thiab piav thoob hlo-sensitive povntawv - lub hauv paus uas tsim empiric kev ntawm qhov tseeb thiab lub hom phiaj kev txawj ntse.

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