English mathematician Dzhordzh Bul: biography, ua hauj lwm

Los ntawm ib tug neeg txom nyem ua hauj lwm-chav kawm ntawv tsev neeg Dzhordzh Bul tsis yog yug nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv lub tsis ncaj ncees lawm qhov chaw, thiab yeej tsis nyob rau hauv cov kev sib raug hauv chav kawm ntawv. Nws tsis muaj ib lub caij nyoog kom loj hlob ib tug zauv ntse heev, tab sis nws puas tau nws nyob rau hauv cov kev phem ntawm txhua yam.

Dzhordzh Bul: biography

Yug Kaum ib hlis 2, 1815 nyob rau hauv cov lus Askiv muaj lub nroog ntawm Lincoln, Boole yog muaj hmoo tau ib tug txiv uas nws tus kheej yog xav nyob rau hauv kev kawm txog zauv thiab muab qhia rau nws tus tub. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws qhia nws yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau kho qhov muag seev. Hluas George mob siab coj li nws cov kev tshawb fawb, thiab nyob rau lub hnub nyoog ntawm yim xyoo, surpassed nws tus txiv nws tus kheej-qhia.

Ib tug phooj ywg tsev neeg tau qhia tus me nyuam tub yooj yim Latin thiab sab sab nyob rau hauv ib tug ob peb xyoos. Rau 12 xyoo phaw tau txhais lub ancient Roman paj huam. Rau 14 xyoo, George yog paub nyob rau hauv German, Italian thiab Fabkis. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 16 nws tau los ua ib tug pab cuam xib fwb thiab qhia nyob rau hauv ntug zos cov tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob Caij ntawm Yorkshire. Thaum nees nkaum, nws qhib nws tus kheej lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv nws hometown.

Nyob rau tom ntej ob peb xyoo luv luv lub sij hawm ntawm dawb lub sij hawm Dzhordzh Bul siv nyeem ntawv zauv txhua hnub borrowed nyob rau hauv zos lub koom haum ntawm Mechanics. Muaj nws nyeem ua hauj lwm Isaaka Nyutona "lub Principia" thiab cov chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Fabkis zaum Laplace thiab Lagrange XVIII thiab XIX centuries "treatise rau Celestial Txhua yam" thiab "Analytical Txhua yam". Nws mus ntev mastered rau lub feem ntau nyuaj lub sij hawm ntawd zauv hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab pib daws nyuaj algebraic teeb meem.

Nws yog lub sij hawm rau koj tsiv on.

Rising hnub qub

Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 24, Dzhordzh Bul luam tawm ib tug lej phau ntawv journal Cambridge University nws thawj thawj tsab xov xwm, "Kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov kev tshawb xav ntawm analytic transformations" rau algebraic teeb meem ntawm linear transformations thiab differential sib npaug uas haum rau lub tswvyim ntawm invariance. Nyob rau tom ntej no kaum xyoo, nws lub hnub qub twb nce nrog ib tug qhov kwj ntawm cov thawj cov khoom, extends tshaj kev kawm zauv.

By 1844, nws tau feeb meej nyob rau kev siv ntawm combinatorial tsom xam thiab zauv khiav hauj lwm rau infinitely me me thiab ib qho infinite tooj. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo rau lub chaw ua hauj lwm, luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub Journal ntawm lub noob nom noob tswv Society "Philosophical muas," rau nws txoj kev pab rau lej tsom xam thiab kev sib tham ntawm txoj kev ntawm combining algebra rau differential thiab integral calculus, nws twb muab tsub ib tug kub puav pheej.

Dzhordzh Bul sai pib mus tshawb tau ntawm kev siv algebra los daws kom tau logic teeb meem. Nyob rau hauv lub 1847 "lej Analysis ntawm Logic", nws tsis tsuas yog txhab tus ua ntej lawm xav Gottfried Leibniz rau lub correlation ntawm logic thiab kev kawm txog zauv, tab sis kuj muaj pov thawj tias lub qub yog feem ntau ib tug zauv qhuab qhia, es philosophical.

Qhov no ua hauj lwm tau tshwm sim los tsis tau tsuas yog cov admiration ntawm tus neeg zoo tshaj logic Augustus De Morgan (mentor Ady Bayron), tab sis kuj ruaj nws qhov chaw ntawm xib fwb ntawm zauv ntawm poj vaj College nyob rau hauv Ireland txawm tsis muaj ib tug lub tsev kawm ntawv txoj kev kawm ntawv.

Dzhordzh Bul: Boolean algebra

Freed los ntawm txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, zauv ntse heev pib delve ntxaum mus rau hauv lawv tus kheej ua hauj lwm, ntawm kev txhim kho cov "lej tsom xam" thiab txiav txim siab mus nrhiav ib txoj kev los sau zajlus kom muaj lus sib cav ib tug tshwj xeeb cov lus uas lawv yuav tsum tau muab thiab daws tau lej.

Nws tuaj mus rau lub hom lus algebra, peb loj ua hauj lwm uas twb (thiab tseem yog) "THIAB", "LOS SIS" thiab "TSIS". Cov peb zog lub hauv paus ntawm nws thaj chaw thiab yog cov tsuas tswv yuav tsum tau ua cov kev sib piv ua hauj lwm thiab yooj yim xaam zog.

Boole tus system yog piav nyob rau hauv kom meej nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm "Txoj kev tshawb no ntawm cov kev cai ntawm kev xav, uas yog lub hauv paus ntawm tag nrho cov zauv theories ntawm logic thiab tshwm" nyob rau hauv 1854, raws li nyob rau hauv ib tug binary mus kom ze, thiab ua nrog tsuas yog ob tug khoom - "yes" los yog "tsis muaj", "qhov tseeb" thiab " cuav "," on "thiab" tawm "mus rau" 0 "thiab" 1 ".

Tej lub neej

Cov nram qab no xyoo nws yuav Mary Everest, tus muam tus ntxhais ntawm Sir George Everest, tom qab uas yog hu ua lub roob siab nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Qhov ob peb muaj tsib cov ntxhais. Ib tug ntawm lawv, tus hlob, los ua ib tug xib fwb ntawm Science News for KIDS. Lwm tus tau muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv geometry. Tus ntxhais ntawm George Boole, Ethel Lilian Voynich, los ua ib tug naas ej txawj sau ntawv uas sau ob peb tej hauj lwm, feem ntau nrov ntawm uas yog tus tshiab "Tus Gadfly".

followers

Kuj ceeb tias, muab lub hwj chim ntawm kev kawm txog zauv nyob rau hauv cov kev kawm voj voog, lub tswv yim ntawm Boole criticized los yog kiag li kav liam los ntawm feem ntau ntawm nws lub contemporaries. Qhov zoo ces, tus American logician Charles Sanders Peirce yog qhib ntau.

Kaum ob xyoos tom qab ntawv ntawm "Kev tshawb fawb" Pearce ua ib tug luv luv hais lus, qhia txog lub tswv yim ntawm Boole ntawm lub American Academy of Arts thiab Sciences, thiab ces siv ntau tshaj li 20 xyoo, hloov thiab expanding nws kom paub lub peev xwm ntawm txoj kev tshawb xav nyob rau hauv xyaum. Qhov no thaum kawg coj mus rau tus tsim ntawm lub hauv paus hluav taws xob logic Circuit Court.

Pierce nws theoretical logic yeej tsis ua, raws li yog ib tug ntau dua kawm dua ib electrician, tab sis qhia ib tug Boolean algebra nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv cov kev kawm zajlus kom philosophy.

Nyob rau hauv lub kawg, ib tug tub ntxhais ntse me nyuam kawm ntawv, Klod Shennon, coj lub tswv yim no thiab tsim nws.

Tsis ntev los no ua hauj lwm

Nyob rau hauv 1957, George Boole raug xaiv khub ntawm lub noob nom noob tswv Society.

Tom qab lub "Kev tshawb fawb", nws luam tawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm tej hauj lwm, ntawm uas ob feem ntau influential yog cov "treatise rau txawv sib npaug" (1859) thiab "A treatise nyob rau Calculus ntawm finite Txawv" (1860). Phau ntawv siv raws li cov phau ntawv rau ntau xyoo. Nws kuj sim mus tsim ib qho qauv ntawm cov ntau yam txoj kev xav, uas yuav cia cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm lub sim li ntawm tej system ntawm cov txheej xwm los mus txiav txim hauv lub tom ntej yuav tshwm ntawm tej kev tshwm sim uas txuam nrog lub teev cov zajlus kom.

Qhov tseeb cov ntawv pov thawj

Tu siab, lub chaw ua hauj lwm raug ncua Boulle thaum nws tuag ntawm "feverish mob khaub thuas" nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm 49 tom qab mus 3 kilometers nyob rau hauv lub nag, thiab tau lectured nyob rau hauv ntub khaub ncaws. Qhov no nws tau pov thawj ib zaug ntxiv hais tias cov ntse heev thiab txiav txim siab zoo tej zaum muaj me ntsis nyob rau hauv ntau.

cuab yeej cuab tam

"Lej tsom xam" thiab "Kev tshawb fawb" George Boole pib lub Boolean algebra, uas yog tej zaum kuj hu ua Boolean logic.

Nws system ntawm ob qhov tseem ceeb, cov lus sib cav sib cais mus rau txawv chav kawm ntawv, uas muaj peev xwm ces ua hauj lwm raws li lub muaj los yog tsis tuaj kawm ntawv ntawm tej yam zog tau ua nws tau mus ua inferences hais txog ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm ib tug neeg hais.

Plaub Buhl coj mus rau lub creation ntawm daim ntaub ntawv, uas nws yuav tsis muaj imagined. Piv txwv li, computers yog siv nyob rau hauv binary xov tooj thiab cov zajlus kom hais, qauv thiab cov lag luam uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv Boolean logic. Science, uas yog suav hais tias yog tus tsim ntawm Dzhordzh Bul, computer, txog lub theoretical lub hauv paus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab xam, raws li zoo raws li cov tswv yim txoj kev rau lawv siv.