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Pejxeem - yog ...

Pejxeem - yog cov neeg teej tug mus rau tib lom hom, muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm interbreeding dawb do thiab muaj ib qho noob pas dej ua ke. Hom muaj zog, lub neej no, fertility, puab, areal ceev. Pejxeem qauv muaj xws li kuj tus piv ntawm cov txivneej thiab cov pojniam, hnub nyoog, spatial faib system.

cheeb tsam loj yog teev nyob rau hauv raws li lub ib voos ncig ntawm lub tsev (tus neeg) ua si thiab nruab nrab yog cov kev ncua deb ntawm tus taw tes thiab lub taw tes rau ntawm kev tuag yug feem ntau cov tib neeg. Piv txwv li, ib tug nabqa tsiav lub voos kheej-kheej ntawm peb caug meters, muskrat - txog plaub puas, ib tug luav thiab sparrow - peb kis lus mev. Nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag, cov cheeb tsam loj yog teev nyob rau hauv raws li qhov kev ncua deb, uas yoov paj ntoos. Piv txwv li, ntoo thuv voos kheej-kheej ntawm kev ua si txog ib puas thiab nees nkaum, thiab maize - txog kaum tsib meters.

Cov cheeb tsam thiab zoo ntawm lub cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub yog teev nyob rau hauv raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm landscaped chaw. Attendance tseem ceeb yog intrapopulation yus nta, raws li zoo raws li geographic (hwv) kev sib txuas lus rau cov tib neeg.

Feem ntau cov feem ntau, cov raug rho tawm coob, raws li thaj, ecological, lub zos.

Environmental hu no set ntawm cov neeg uas nyob rau hauv tib lub cev. Ib thaj tsam coincide nrog rau ib thaj tsam ntawm lub ecosystem nws tus kheej, txhais los ntawm cov nroj tsuag, cog lub zej lub zos.

Cov neeg nyob hauv zos - ib tug txheej ntawm lub zos coob txog tej yam hom. Cov tib neeg nyob txawv ecosystems tej cheeb tsam. Yog li, nyob hauv zos ntawm lub tsev sparrow - ib tug sau ntawm coob ntawm cov neeg uas los ntawm cov zej zog nyob rau ntawm ib tug deb ntawm tsawg tshaj li peb kilometers apart.

Geographic hu ua ib tug set ntawm cov tib neeg, occupying chaw uas zoo heev nrog homogeneous ib thaj nyuag tej yam kev mob. Los ntawm Kamchatka rau Brest, piv txwv li, nyob nees nkaum cuaj poob lawm ntawm ntau proteins. Geographic coob - yog ib tug hwv haiv neeg subspecies. Nrws li muaj phenotypic kev zoo sib thooj.

Pejxeem (pejxeem) - yog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, lub hauv paus ntawm tus txheej txheem ntawm cov evolution. Nrog rau qhov no yog tseem lub ntsiab spatial chav tsev ntawm ib tug yam. Yog li, cov pejxeem yuav piav raws li ib tug sau ntawm cov tib neeg, tsis tsuas nyob ib yam liaj ia tebchaws (qhov chaw), tab sis kuj muaj peev xwm ntawm playback rau ib ntev lub sij hawm. Ntseeg pejxeem evolutionary ntsiab lus uas txuam mas nrog panmixia (free hybridization), uas nyob rau hauv ib co degree nyob rau hauv ib plurality ntawm hom siab tshaj ntawm lub zos nyob sib ze haiv neeg. Nrog rau qhov no, nyob rau hauv kev phem ntawm lub sam xeeb txog qhov, ib tug pej xeem ua kev nyob rau hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic sijhawm. Lub ntsiab yam ntxwv ntawm lub hom yog tsau txhob.

Muaj yog ib tug faib ntawm cov pej xeem thiab los ntawm ib tug kws kho taw tes ntawm view.

Piv txwv li, ib tug kaw set ntawm cais cov neeg. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug pejxeem yog cais los ntawm lwm tus los ntawm cov tub los ntxhais.

Muaj kuj yog ib tug zoo meej set ntawm cov neeg. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, xav txog ib tug hypothetical panmictic (muaj peev xwm ntawm interbreeding) coob muaj siab zog, lub txuas ntxiv tiam. Xws li ib tug sau los ntawm hom tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm lub hloov siab, lwm yam ntawm tej yam ntuj tso xaiv. Lub tswvyim ntawm ib qho zoo tagnrho pejxeem yog siv nyob rau hauv lub simulation ntawm cov evolution.

Cov neeg ntawm lub tib lub hom yuav ua tau txhob tib yam. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no peb yuav tham txog ib tug isogenic pejxeem.

Lub totality yuav ua tau qhib. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, migrating noog coj mus rau nws cov tshiab noob.

Microbial pejxeem yog lub teeb ntawm ib tug tej hom hlwb.

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