Positivism nyob rau hauv Sociology

Positivism nyob rau hauv Sociology yog thawj coj, uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub XIX caug xyoo. Nws essence lies nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm ib tug tshiab system ntawm kev paub txog lub zej zog rau lub hauv paus ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm txoj kev thiab tej kev cai ntawm science.

Chiv positivism nyob rau hauv Sociology piv nrog speculative speculative theorizing. Nws cia li sawv raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm tsis kam ntawm tej yam yooj yim cov lus sib cav txog lub neej, raws li zoo raws li lub siab xav kom ua tau ib cov kev tshawb xav uas yuav nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov respects raws li scientific theory.

Positivist Sociology hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov kev qhuab qhia yog pom tias yuav analytically thiab empirically, raws li nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, tshawb qhov tshwm sim tshwm sim nyob rau hauv zej zog. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no nws yuav thov mus yuav "zoo", lub ntsiab lus muaj peev xwm ntse thiab zoo daws tau qhov ntau yam teeb meem uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm zej zog.

Qhov tus tsim ntawm lub positivist Sociology yog Comte. Raws li cov Fabkis kev paub txog, kev tshawb xav tau yuav tsum tau "pes tsawg lub ntuj science", uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv scientific txoj kev.

Comte ntseeg tias tus tib neeg ntawm kev txawj ntse yuav tsum yog kev kawm, raws li nyob rau hauv txhim khu kev qha thiab siv tau cov lus tseeb, xws li kev paub txog cov xwm. Nyob rau hauv lub Comte "Ntsuj Plig zoo philosophy," nws sau txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm "zoo" lub sij hawm. Cov tswvyim no meant ib tug tiag tiag ephemeral tsis sib xws, efficiency - tus mlom, txhim khu kev qha - dubious, leej - vaguely zoo - tsis zoo.

haiv neeg hauj lwm kev cai lij choj raug xam tias yog nyob rau hauv positivism raws li ib tug continuation ntawm lub ntuj kev cai. Yog li ntawd, nws suav hais tias tsis yooj yim sua mus txeem mus rau hauv lub essence thiab ua rau ntawm kev dab thiab phenomena.

Cov neeg sawv cev positivism kawm haiv neeg tsis muaj zog thiab zoo li qub raws li nws yog nyob rau hauv lub zej zog raws li ib tug system uas yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab thiab stability.

Positivism nyob rau hauv Sociology txiav txim tias cov kev txawj ntse ntawm cov haiv neeg yuav tsum muaj raws li cov uas yuav tsum tau ntawm kev muaj tiag thiab science, li ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau ua nrog rau cov kev pab los ntawm tej yam ntuj tso txoj kev. Lub ntsiab txoj kev xam tau tias yog nyob rau hauv no soj, cov kev sib piv xyaum ua tej yam, keeb kwm thiab xaam txoj kev.

Positivism nyob rau hauv Sociology yog feem ntau kom meej meej manifested nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev (feem ntau xa mus rau raws li nta ntawm positivism), xws li naturalism, evolutionism, organicism. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau cov tiam sis hais txog mus positivism mechanism, kev Darwinism, haiv neeg-anthropological kev taw qhia, thaj determinism, thiab lwm tus neeg. Tag nrho cov lus qhia positivism differed txojcai reductionist. Nws lub ntsiab lus yog los sim piav qhia qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev lub neej los ntawm cov foundations hauv ib zaug xwb zoo tshaj, uas txiav txim seb tus (lom, haiv neeg, geographic, etc.). Cov currents yog hu ua "cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm ib yam."

Feem ntau cov siab qhia cov tswv yim ntawm positivism nyob rau hauv nws muaj peev xwm raws li cov kev taw qhia ntawm neo Sociology. Cov ntaub ntawv no yog tsis pub dhau lub ntsiab sociological thiab philosophical kev taw qhia ntawm cov XX caug xyoo., Uas raug raws li tsim hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov zajlus kom positivism. Txhua ceg ntawm neo-qhia muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb, peculiar tsuas rau nws tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm txoj kev siv.

Neo tended yuav tau xav txog kev tshwm sim, raws li nyob rau hauv cov kev cai lij choj rau cov xwm, thiab tus social kev muaj tiag. Qhov no yog tshwm nyob rau hauv lub naturalistic tsev kawm ntawv. Scientism mas tsom nyob rau kev siv ntawm kev sib raug zoo cov kev tshawb fawb txoj kev lub ntuj sciences. Objectivism tshaj tawm hais tias nws txoj kev ywj pheej los ntawm tus nqi txiav txim. Operationalism sij social tswv yim raws li ua hauj lwm zoo. Behaviorism soj ntsuam los ntawm subjective yam los ntawm kev coj cwj pwm. Quantification nrhiav kom piav kev phenomena nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntxwv.