Leej twg nrhiav tau lub phenomenon ntawm radioactivity thiab yuav ua li cas nws tshwm sim?

Cov tsab xov xwm qhia txog uas pheej nrhiav tau lub phenomenon ntawm radioactivity, thaum nws tshwm sim thiab nyob rau hauv dab tsi tshwm sim.

radioactivity

Cov niaj hnub ntiaj teb no thiab kev ua lag luam yog tsis zoo li yuav tsum tau ua tsis tau nuclear zog. Nuclear reactors noj Whyteshadows, muab hluav taws xob rau tag nrho lub zos, thiab tshwj xeeb zog qhov chaw raws li tej lwj, mounted rau satellites thiab robots uas kawm lwm lub planets.

Radioactivity yog sab nyob rau hauv lub lig XIX caug xyoo. Txawm li cas los, zoo li ntau lwm yam tseem ceeb discoveries nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb ntawm science. Tab sis leej twg uas nyob zaum thawj sab phenomenon ntawm radioactivity thiab yuav ua li cas nws tshwm sim? Qhov no yog dab tsi peb yuav sib tham txog nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

foundations

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau ib tug science kev tshwm sim coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv 1896 thiab ua nws Becquerel nyob rau hauv kev kawm tau kev twb kev txuas ntawm lub luminescence thiab cov tshiab tshwm sim thiaj li hu ua X-ray.

Raws li cov memoirs ntawm Becquerel, nws tau txais lub tswv yim tias tej zaum tej luminescence yog tseem nrog tus X-rays? Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tau soj ntsuam xyuas nws xam, nws siv ob peb tshuaj tebchaw, xws li ib tug ntawm cov ntsev ntawm uranium, uas glows nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj nti. Ntxiv mus, tuav nws nyob rau hauv lub hnub, tus paub txog muab ntsev mus rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj nti daim ntawv thiab muab tso rau nws nyob rau hauv lub txee dai khaub ncaws rau ib tug photographic phaj, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, muaj kuj tau fej nyob rau hauv ib tug opaque wrapper. Tom qab ntawd, uas qhia nws Becquerel xyoo ib tug muaj tseeb portrayal ntawm ib daim ntawm ntsev. Tab sis txij thaum lub luminescence ntawv yuav kov tsis yeej, nws txhais tau tias nws ci phaj X-ray emission. Yog li ntawd tam sim no peb paub tias leej twg ua ntej sab phenomenon ntawm radioactivity. Txawm li cas los, tus paub txog tsis tau tag nrho to taub dab tsi ib tug foundations ua. Tiam sis ua ntej tej yam uas ua ntej.

Lub rooj sib tham ntawm lub Academy ntawm Sciences

Tom qab ntawd tib lub xyoo, thaum ib tug lub rooj sib tham ntawm lub Academy ntawm Sciences ntawm Paris, Becquerel ua ib daim ntawv qhia "Nyob rau hauv tawg ua los ntawm phosphorescence." Tab sis tom qab ib tug thaum nyob rau hauv nws lub hom phiaj thiab qhov nrhiav peb yuav tsum tau ua kev kho me ntsis. Piv txwv li, thaum lub sij hawm ib tug ntawm cov kev ntsuam xyuas, tsis tos rau ib tug zoo thiab tshav ntuj huab cua, tus paub txog muab tso rau hauv ib tug photographic phaj uranium compound uas yog tsis irradiated nrog lub teeb. Cuaj kaum, cov ntaub ntawv yog tseem kom meej meej reflected nyob rau hauv nws cov qauv.

Nyob rau lub peb hlis ntuj ntawm lub tib lub xyoo Becquerel hais lub rooj sib tham ntawm lub Academy ntawm Sciences rau ib tug tshiab txoj hauj lwm, ib tug account ntawm cov tawg tawm txim liab los ntawm phosphorescent lub cev. Tam sim no peb paub tias ntawm lub zaum sab lub phenomenon ntawm radioactivity.

ntxiv thwmsim

Nrhiav ntxiv cov kev tshawb fawb lub phenomenon ntawm radioactivity, Becquerel sim ntau yam, xws li uranium hlau. Thiab txhua txhua lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub phaj yeej ib txwm nyob twj ywm ib co kua nplaum. Thiab los tso nruab nrab ntawm cov hluav taws xob qhov twg los thiab lub phaj hlau ntoo khaub lig, tus paub txog tau txais raws li peb yuav hais tias hnub no, nws X-ray. Yog li ntawd peb tau sib tham txog cov nqe lus nug ntawm uas pheej nrhiav tau lub phenomenon ntawm radioactivity.

Yog tias thaum nws tau los ua tseeb tias Becquerel sab ib tug kiag li yam tshiab ntawm kev pom rays uas yuav kis tau los ntawm ib yam khoom, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lawv twb tsis X-ray.

Nws twb tseem pom tias cov kev siv ntawm cov tawg nyob rau tus nqi ntawm cov uranium nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj preparations, tsis yog lawv hom. Nws Becquerel qhia nws scientific achievements thiab theories nrog lawv cov txij nkawm, Pierre thiab Mariey Kyuri, uas tom qab tsim lub radioactivity tawm txim liab los ntawm thorium, thiab qhib ob hom tshiab caij, tom qab lub npe polonium thiab radium. Thiab thaum coj cov teeb meem ntawm cov "uas pheej nrhiav tau lub phenomenon ntawm radioactivity," feem ntau ntau yuam ascribe no muaj nqis Curies.

Impact on sia nyob

Thaum nws los ua npe hu hais tias lub tej tawg tawm txim liab tag nrho cov tebchaw ntawm uranium, Becquerel yog maj xa rov qab mus rau lub phosphor txoj kev tshawb no. Tab sis nws tau ua kom ib tug tseem ceeb foundations - cov nyhuv ntawm tej rays rau lom kab mob. Yog li ntawd Becquerel yog tsis tsuas yog thawj uas pheej nrhiav tau lub phenomenon ntawm radioactivity, tab sis kuj cov neeg uas tsim nws cov cawv nyob nyob creatures.

Rau ib tug ntawm cov lus qhuab qhia nws borrowed ib tug neeg tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub Curies thiab muab tso rau nws nyob rau hauv nws lub hnab tshos. Tom qab lub qhuab qhia, rov qab mus rau nws cov tswv, cov paub txog pom ib tug muaj zog reddening ntawm daim tawv nqaij, uas coj rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov hlab. Pierre Curie hnov nws txoj kev fwv yees txiav txim siab los xyaum ua tej yam - rau kaum teev coj qhws khi mus rau lub caj npab raj uas muaj radium. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub kawg kuv tau ib tug muaj zog lub rwj uas tsis kho rau ib tug ob peb lub hlis.

Yog li ntawd peb tau sib tham txog cov nqe lus nug ntawm leej twg uas nyob zaum thawj sab phenomenon ntawm radioactivity. Qhov no yog yuav ua li cas tus ntawm radioactivity sab rau lom kab mob. Tab sis txawm qhov no, tus Curies, los ntawm txoj kev, txuas ntxiv mus koom nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm tej ntaub ntawv, thiab cov Mariya Kyuri tuag ntawm hluav taws xob kev mob kev nkeeg yog. Nws tej khoom yog tseem cia nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb leaded khw vim hais tias cov tawg koob tshuaj sau los ntawm lawv yog yuav luag ib puas xyoo dhau los yog tseem heev txaus ntshai.