Ferapontov monastery thiab frescoes ntawm Dionysius

Ferapontov Monastery (Vologda cheeb tsam), towering tshaj lub zos Ferapontovo yog ib tug tshwj xeeb kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov khaub ncaws ntau, yog ib tug monument ntawm lub ntiaj teb tseem ceeb dab neeg. Thaum lub caij nws yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub UNESCO daim ntawv teev. Lub monastery yog ncaj qha kev cob cog rua nrog lub tseem ceeb uas coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Moscow nyob rau hauv lub XV-XVII caug xyoo. Ntawm no, nyob rau hauv lub Cathedral ntawm cov Nativity ntawm tus ntxhais nkauj xwb, ib tug yuav pom ntau yam frescoes, ua nto moo Dionysius.

monastery cov khaub ncaws ntau

Ferapontov Monastery yog ua tau rau ib toj ntawm lub pas dej thiab Borodaevsky Pavskii uas txuas lub me me dej Pasca. Nws cov khaub ncaws ntau sib haum xeeb combines architectural cov ntsiab lus ntawm ntau yam centuries. Ntawm kev txaus siab yog lub Koom Txoos ntawm cov Nativity ntawm tus ntxhais nkauj xwb. Qhov no yog lub ntsiab lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm cov monastery, uas nws siv pib nyob rau hauv 1490 nyob ze rau qhov Cathedral nyob rau hauv 1530 tau ua lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm cov Annunciation, thiab nyob rau hauv 1640 kev tsim kho pib rau lub Koom Txoos ntawm tus Vaj Ntsuj Martimiana.

Raws li cov monastery yog founded

Ferapontov Monastery twb nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1397 Ferapont, los ntawm ib qho ancient tsev neeg Poskochinyh. Holy vows coj nyob rau hauv lub Simonov Monastery nyob rau hauv Moscow nyob rau hauv plaub caug xyoo. Muaj nws ua phooj ywg nrog lub Reverend Kirillom Belozerskim. Ua ke lawv mloog cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm Sergiya Radonezhskogo, feem ntau mus xyuas lub monastery. Ua mloog lus FERAPONT mus sab qaum teb rau Beloozero. Hnyav sab qaum teb ntug zoo li ib tug neeg dawb huv, thiab ib tug me ntsis tom qab ntawd nws txiav txim siab rov qab mus rau lub exploits. Qhov no lub sij hawm lawv mus rau sab qaum teb, ua ke nrog Cyril. Ntawm no Siverskoye pas dej ntawm St. Cyril-Belozersky Monastery twb nrhiav tau.

Tom qab ib tug thaum FERAPONT nrhiav tau nws monastery rau ib lub toj ntawm lub pas dej thiab Pavskii Borodaevsky. Thaum xub thawj nws nyob rau hauv ib lub cell nws los ua ib tug loj leeb. Muaj ntau yam kev nyuaj siab nws muaj nyiaj mus dhau. Thaum lub sij hawm, nws pib mus rau tuaj mus rau lub monks, uas kuj ua lub cell no. Yog li ntawd maj no qhov chaw thiab muab rau hauv ib tug monastery.

lub heyday

Lug paub Ferapontov monastery yog vim muaj lub dag zog ntawm Reverend Martinian thwjtim Kirilla Belozerskogo, uas nyob rau lub insistence ntawm nws tus tij laug los ua Abbot. Ntawm no mus pe hawm ib zaug mus xyuas tus naas ej cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Lavxias teb sab nom tswv cajceg - Elena Glinskaya, Ivan IV ntawm, Vasily III, thiab lwm yam Nyob rau hauv lub XV-XVI centuries .. los ntawm cov phab ntsa hauv lub monastery tuaj lub feem ntau mas cov nuj nqis ntawm Lavxias teb sab Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj - Npis Sov ntawm Vologda thiab Perm Filofei, Npis Sov ntawm Yaroslavl thiab Rostov Joasaph thiab lwm tus neeg. Thaum lub sij hawm, lub monastery los ua ib tug qhov chaw ntawm exile ntawm muaj koob nuj nqis uas tiv thaiv rau cov supremacy ntawm lub Koom Txoos nyob rau hauv lub State - Patriarch Nikon, Metropolitan Spiridon-Savva, etc ...

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub Ferapontov Monastery yog tseem yog cov coob tswv nyob rau hauv. Nyob rau hauv lub XVII caug xyoo. lub monastery koom rau 60 lub zos, peb puas peasants thiab 100 heath.

puas

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv lub monastery, pib los ntawm lub XV thiab XVII xyoo pua xaus, tau tsa ntau pob zeb vaj tse, ib tug tiag tiag fortress, nws yeej tsis los ua. Nws ntoo laj kab nyob kom txog rau thaum lub XIX caug xyoo. Qhov no yog qhov ua rau ntawm lub puam tsuaj ntawm lub monastery nyob rau hauv 1614 lub Polish-Lithuanian tub sab. Resumed siv zeb yog tsuas 25 xyoo tom qab muaj qhov ntxeem tau. Nws yog qhov tseeb hais tias lub monastery poob mus rau hauv disrepair, peb yuav tsum khaws cia cov frescoes nyob rau hauv nws thawj daim ntawv. Lub convent yog tsis nplua nuj, thiab thiaj li kho lub paintings yeej tsis tau tua.

Nyob rau hauv 1798 lub monastery twb abolished los ntawm txoj cai ntawm lub Synod. Nyob rau hauv 1904, muaj twb dua qhib ib tug monastery, tab sis lub sij hawm no ib tug poj niam. Nws ntawd kub ntev li ntev - kom txog rau thaum 1924. Niaj hnub no, cov monastery yog ib tug tsev cia puav pheej ntawm frescoes ntawm Dionysius.

Lub icon neeg pleev kob Dionysius

Nyob rau hauv 1502 nyob rau hauv lub Ferapontov Monastery raug caw mus rau lub pab neeg ntawm cov icon neeg pleev kob Dionysius. Nws ua hauj lwm tau nrag Nativity Cathedral. By lub sij hawm Dionysius yog twb nto moo thiab suav hais tias ib tug ua Moscow craftsman. Nws thawj tseem ceeb kev txiav txim nws tau txais ntawm 1467 thiab 1477 xyoo. Thaum lub sij hawm no nws tau caw mus koom nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm lub Koom Txoos ntawm Nativity ntawm tus ntxhais nkauj xwb nyob rau hauv Pafnutyevo-Borovsky monastery. Nyob rau hauv 1481, nws coj li lwm tseem ceeb ua hauj lwm - kev siv ntawm icons rau lub iconostasis ntawm lub Assumption Cathedral (Moscow Kremlin). Nrog rau cov purchase ntawm tus tswv nws muaj kev tswj zoo xwb thiab tau txij li thaum ua lub personification ntawm lub Moscow lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm painting.

Ferapontov Monastery. frescoes ntawm Dionysius

Dionysius frescoes nyob rau hauv lub Cathedral ntawm cov Nativity ntawm tus ntxhais nkauj xwb yog tus tsuas yog extant murals tswv. Ua ntej lub facade alterations nyob rau hauv lub XVI caug xyoo. plots xwm nyob saud yog pom los ntawm afar. Nyob rau ob tog ntawm lub rooj vag depict archangels Gabriel thiab Michael. Cov portal yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog scenes "Nativity ntawm tus ntxhais nkauj xwb" thiab cov xeeb tub "Desus". Raws li yuav pom taws lub kib nrog rau cov duab ntawm Tswv Yexus. Saum toj no lub qhov rooj Dionysius tawm ib cov duab ntawm Our pojniam surrounded los ntawm cov feem ntau Mayumskogo Cosmas thiab Ioana Damaskina. Nws yog qhov no xeeb tub yog cov pib ntawm interconnected series ntawm cov duab nplooj siab mus rau lub Blessed nkauj xwb. Nyob rau hauv lub central Asp yog xwm zaum nyob rau hauv ib lub zwm txwv nrog tus ntxhais nkauj xwb Hodegetria cov tubtxib saum ntuj txhos caug ua ntej nws. Nyob rau hauv lub tuam tsev muaj lwm yam pib rau tus tuav tus ntxhais nkauj xwb Mary xeeb tub. Ferapontov Monastery yog nto moo, saum toj no tag nrho, ua tsaug rau lub paintings ntawm tus Cathedral ntawm cov Nativity ntawm tus ntxhais nkauj xwb.

Nta paintings tuam tsev

mural nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj system yog lub koom haum heev nruj me ntsis thiab concisely. Murals no yog ua los noj rau hauv tus account lub architectural nta ntawm lub tsev. Lwm feature tshwj xeeb, ua rau tus tsim ntawm lub tuam tsev harmonious muaj pes tsawg leeg yog ib qho txuj. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ntaus nqi ob leeg mus qhov kev tso kawm ntawm tus frescoes, raws li zoo raws li rau txhua tus neeg zajlus. Yog nqus tau cov kab yog saj zawg zog thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lawv brevity. Tag nrho cov dluab tshwm weightless, gazing upward. Cov paintings txawv crowded thiab puab. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav xav txog tag nrho cov frescoes nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg sequences, koj yuav tsum mus nyob ib ncig ntawm lub tuam tsev nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog ob peb lub sij hawm.

Lwm yog ib tug ntawm cov txawv nta ntawm lub frescoes ntawm Dionysius yog lub softness ntawm cov xim thiab elegance. Nyob rau hauv cov duab yeej dawb, ntuj xiav, daj, liab, txiv thiab lub teeb ntsuab xim. Rau cov tom qab ib tug neeg pleev kob twb tau muab siv feem ntau kaj xiav. Xim artist supposedly coj los ntawm Moscow. Lub richest nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov xim ntsiab yog pleev xim rau medallions nyob rau hauv lub nruas thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav-loaded arches. Thaum ua tau zoo lawv tau siv raws li ntshiab xim, thiab mixtures thereof.

Murals ntawm lub Cathedral ntawm lub Nativity ntawm tus ntxhais nkauj xwb yuav xyuam xim yuav hu ua lub pinnacle ntawm creativity Dionysius. Ib tug interesting tseeb yog tias tag nrho cov frescos Ferapontov monastery tau ua nyob rau hauv tsuas 34 hnub (los ntawm Lub yim hli ntuj 6 mus rau 8 lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj). Qhov no txawm lub fact tias lawv tag nrho cheeb tsam yog 600 m ^2.

Ferapontov Monastery Luzhetsky

Nyob rau hauv lub XV xyoo pua Beloozero koom rau tub huabtais Andrew, tus tub Dmitriya Donskogo. Nyob rau hauv 1408, nws yog hais txog mus rau lub Ferapontov nug txog lub hauv paus ntawm lub monastery nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Mozhaisk. Tom qab nws xav, lub neeg dawb huv pom zoo los ua Abbot ntawm tus tshiab monastery. Ua tau rau ntawm ntug dej ntawm lub Moscow dej, lub monastery twb muaj npe Luzhetsky. Nyob rau hauv 1420 lub Cathedral ntawm cov Nativity ntawm tus ntxhais nkauj xwb twb ua nyob rau hauv nws. Tsis deb ntawm lub monastery Luzhetsky hnub no muaj ib qhov chaw ntawm kev noj qab nyob dej. Lawv hu nws ib tug zoo ntawm St. Ferapont. Raws li cov lus dab neeg, nws yog qhib los lub neeg dawb huv.

Holy FERAPONT Luzhetsky nyob rau hauv lub monastery txog rau thaum nws tuag nyob rau hauv 1426 Nyob rau hauv 1547, nws ranked ntawm cov neeg ntseeg. Nws relics tseem faus nyob rau hauv lub Cathedral ntawm cov Nativity ntawm tus ntxhais nkauj xwb. Vologda Ferapontov Monastery Luzhetsky thiab niaj hnub no yog cov zoo tshaj plaws monuments ntawm medieval Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai.