Frederic Joliot-Curie: ib tug biography thiab achievements

Frederic Joliot-Curie - ib tug zoo-paub kev activist thiab ib tug Fabkis txoj physicist. Nws yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj coj thiab founders ntawm lub Pugwash Rooj Sab Laj rau Science thiab ntiaj teb Affairs, thiab kev sib haum xeeb zog. Ua ke nrog nws tus poj niam, Irene tau txais ib tug Nobel nqi zog nyob rau hauv Chemistry. Qhov tsab xov xwm yuav nthuav nws luv luv biography.

Childhood thiab kev kawm ntawv

Jean Frederik Zholio yug nyob rau hauv Paris nyob rau hauv 1900. Tus tub tus txiv Henri heev ntse koom nyob rau hauv cov lag luam, thiab kuv niam Emilia tuaj los ntawm ib tug Protestant tsev neeg. Frederick yog tus yau tshaj nyob rau hauv ib tsev neeg ntawm Joliot, numbering rau cov me nyuam.

Nyob rau hauv 1910, tus tub twb raug xa mus kawm nyob rau hauv ib tug nce tsev kawm ntawv Lakanal. Xya xyoo tom qab, Jean rov qab mus rau Paris thiab txiav txim siab mus devote lawv lub neej mus rau science. Nyob rau hauv 1920, ib tug tub hluas nkag mus hauv lub High Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Applied Science News for KIDS thiab Physics. Nyob rau hauv 1923 Joliot kawm tiav los ntawm nws nrog qhov zoo tshaj plaws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov pab pawg neeg.

Service thiab ua hauj lwm

Frederick tau txais ib tug degree nyob rau hauv engineering. Thaum lub sij hawm nws kev tshawb fawb, nws kis tau zoo kev txawj ntse nyob rau hauv cov tswv yim daim ntawv thov ntawm physics thiab Science News for KIDS. Tab sis feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov, Jean yog xav nyob rau hauv yooj yim kev tshawb fawb. Yog vim li cas rau cov uas yog tus ntawm Paul Langevin (Fabkis physicist). Nws yog nrog nws Frederick tham nws lub hom phiaj rau lub neej yav tom ntej, thaum nws rov qab los tsev tom qab cov tub rog kev pab cuam. Paul qhia Joliot tau ib qho kev pab nyob rau Radium lub koom haum rau Marii Kyuri. Nyob rau hauv 1925, Frederick pib ua hauj lwm uas npaj nyob rau hauv qhov chaw no. Nyob rau hauv nws lub sij hawm spare, tus tub hluas mus rau kawm physics thiab Science News for KIDS.

Tej lub neej

Lub koom haum Joliot los ua ntsib nrog Mary tus ntxhais tis npe hu ua Irene. Ib xyoo tom qab, cov tub ntxhais hluas tau sib yuav. Tom qab ntawd Frederick coj ib tug muab ob npaug rau-barreled xeem - Joliot-Curie. Tus txij nkawm raws li nplua. Tsis ntev ob peb muaj ob tug me nyuam - ib tug tub thiab tus ntxhais (ob los ua zaum nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej).

kev tshawb fawb

Tom qab lub tshoob, tus hero ntawm no tsab xov xwm tau txuas ntxiv mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau Radium lub koom haum. Nyob rau hauv 1930 nws tau txais nws doctorate title rau cov kev tshawb fawb feem ntawm cov neeg polonium. Tab sis, txawm tias cov neeg kawm ntawv, yuav luag tsis muaj ib tug nyob rau hauv lub scientific lub zej lub zos tsis paub yuav ua li cas mus rau npe rau Joliot-Curie. Hais tias yog, nws twb me ntsis paub.

Frederick sim mus nrhiav ib tug kawm ntawv txoj hauj lwm, tab sis nws cov me nyuam no twb hai. Tus kws tshawb fawb twb xav txog yuav ua li cas kom tau ib tug chemist practitioner kom muaj ntau lawm. Joliot-Curie pab Zhan Perren. Tsaug rau ib tug colleague Frederick yeej ib tug tsoom fwv cov nyiaj pab kawm thiab muaj peev xwm nyob rau ntawm lub koom haum. Nyob rau hauv 1930, lub German physicist Walter bothe qhia tias thaum bombarded Helium nuclei (tsim los ntawm cov hniav lwj los ntawm polonium) boron thiab beryllium, lub tom kawg emit siab tob tob tawg.

Muaj engineering kev kawm ntawv tau tso cai Joliot-Curie tsim rhiab ntes nrog built-nyob rau hauv condensing chamber. Qhov no ntaus ntawv kaw tob tob tawg. Tus thawj qauv raug coj polonium. Nyob rau hauv 1931, Frederick thiab nws tus poj niam tau pib kawm. Thaum lub sij hawm xyaum ua tej yam, lawv pom tias yog boron ntawm lub irradiated (thiab beryllium) thiab lub ntes yog ib tug nyias phaj ntawm hydrogen-muaj tshuaj, cov thawj theem ntawm hluav taws xob yog ob npaug.

Tus foundations ntawm tshiab ntsiab

Ntxiv thwmsim piav qhov xwm ntawm tus ntxiv tawg. Nws muab tawm hais tias nws yog ua los ntawm hydrogen atoms uas thaum ntsib nrog tawg ua haum siab ceev, txawm hais tias tsis Frederick tsis Irene tsis nkag siab lub essence ntawm tus txheej txheem. Txawm li cas los, ua tsaug rau qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb Dzheyms Chedvik nyob rau hauv 1932 sab neutron particle, uas yog ib feem ntawm lub atomic nucleus. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lub American physicist Carl D. Anderson sau txog positrons ua byproducts thaum lub sij hawm ib tug mob los ntawm cov alpha hais ntawm txhuas los yog boron.

Irene thiab Frederic ua cov kev tshawb fawb thiab muab tso rau ib tug tshiab xyaum ua tej yam. Lub condensing chamber kuaj yog muab tso txhuas thiab boron, thiab nws qhib kaw nrog txhuas ntawv ci. Ces ob peb pib tawg alpha tawg. Lub positrons tau ua tseg, tiam sis tsuas yog tom qab ob peb feeb txuas ntxiv polonium qhov chaw tshem tawm lawv emission.

Yog li, Frederick thiab Irene pom hais tias ib co irradiated kuaj yog boron thiab txhuas tau transformed rau hauv tshiab tshuaj ntsiab. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lawv ua tej. Boron isotope yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau nitrogen thiab txhuas - phosphorus.

Lub Nobel nqi zog

Nyob rau hauv 1935, Irene thiab Frederic twb muab tsub lub Nobel nqi zog rau cov synthesis ntawm tshiab tej ntsiab. Yog li lub npe Joliot-Curie twb mus ib txhis inscribed nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Science News for KIDS. Nyob rau hauv nws Nobel hais lus paub txog nws sau hais tias dag tej ntsiab yuav tsum tau siv raws li tracers. Qhov no zoo heev simplifies qhov teeb meem uas nrhiav tau thiab tshem tawm cov ntau yam uas muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug nyob kab mob.

ntxiv ua hauj lwm

Nyob rau hauv 1937, physicist Joliot-Curie txuas ntxiv mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau Radium lub koom haum. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau raug tsa xibfwb hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv qib tsib Fabkis, Paris. Ntawm no tus paub txog qhib ib cov kev tshawb fawb center ntawm nuclear Science News for KIDS thiab physics. Thiab tsis tau Frederick teem ib lub laboratory, qhov twg tshwj xeeb ntawm txawv profiles yuav ua hauj lwm ua ke kom ua tau qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev tshwm sim. Dhau li lub tsev physicist tswj thawj cyclotron nyob rau hauv Fabkis, nyob qhov twg rau qhov chaw ntawm alpha hais tsis npaj tej ntsiab.

tsov rog

Nyob rau hauv 1939, lub German chemist Otto Hahn ua ib tug discovery. Nws hais tias lub scientific lub zej zog txog tau fission ntawm uranium atoms. Tom qab no, Joliot-Curie pom tias nws yog heev. Physicist twb paub lawm zoo kawg li tus nqi ntawm lub zog tso thaum lub sij hawm lub fission ntawm ib tug atom. Yuav kom siv nws, Frederick yuav los ntawm Norway yuav luag tag nrho muaj mov ntawm hnyav dej. Tab sis kev tshawb fawb paub txog tu ncua los ntawm lub phaum thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II. Fabkis nyob rau hauv lub German pab tub rog. Risking npaum li cas, Joliot-Curie ferried tag nrho cov heavy dej mus ces, nyob qhov twg zaum siv nws thaum lub sij hawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm atomic riam phom.

txoj cai

Thaum lub sij hawm txoj hauj lwm ntawm Frederick tseem nyob rau hauv Paris. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias tus paub txog yog nyob rau hauv lub Fabkis Socialist Party thiab muaj anti-fascist views, nws tau khaws cia lawv txaus qhia rau cov kawm ntawv qib tsib Fabkis, thiab lub koom haum ntawm Radium. Tsis tas li ntawd Joliot-Curie yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm cov kuj zog thiab yog nyob rau hauv lub taub hau ntawm lub "National Pem hauv ntej" (hauv lub underground koom haum). Thiab nws kuaj Frederick siv rau qhov siv thiab ua xov tooj cua cov khoom thiab explosives, uas tau xa mus rau lub fighters ntawm lub Kuj. Nyob rau hauv lub midst ntawm tsov rog, tus paub txog raws li cov piv txwv ntawm nws tus kws qhia ntawv, Langevin thiab tuaj koom lub Communist tog.

Tom qab lub liberation ntawm Fabkis capital ntawm tus hero ntawm no tsab xov xwm tau raug tsa ua tus ncej ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm lub teb chaws kev tshawb fawb Center. Frederick muaj mus rau revive lub teb chaws lub scientific peev xwm. Qhov kawg ntawm 1945 tus paub txog ua ib tug thov mus rau tus thawj tswj hwm Charles de Gaulle. Joliot-Curie nyob rau hauv Fabkis xav los ua ib tug Atomic Energy Commission. Peb xyoos tom qab, physicist taws tso rau hauv lub teb chaws tus thawj nuclear reactor. Qhov no zoo heev muaj zog nws lub koob npe nrov li ib tus paub txog thiab neeg khiav dej num. Cuaj kaum, Frederick tus tswv cuab nyob rau hauv lub Communist tog tau tshwm sim los ib tug ntau ntawm dissatisfaction. Nyob rau hauv 1950, nws tau tso tawm los ntawm tus ncej ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm lub Commissariat.

tuag

Lub xeem xyoo ntawm lub neej ntawm Frederic Joliot-Curie, uas nws biography tau raug nthuav saum toj no, rau rau siab mus qhia thiab kev tshawb fawb. Nws kuj coj lub ntiaj teb Council thiab ua nom tswv kev ua si. Nyob rau hauv 1956, Irene tuag. Cov kev tuag ntawm nws tus poj niam yog rau Frederick hnyav tshuab. Tab sis nws yuav tsum tau rub kuv tus kheej ua ke thiab taws lub koom haum ntawm Radium. Joliot-Curie kuj saib xyuas qhov kev siv ntawm ib tug tshiab tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Orsee thiab qhia nyob rau Sorbonne. Tsis ntev, txawm li cas los, nws lub cev tsis muaj zog txaus los ntawm carry-rau pem hauv ntej ntawm yav tas los kab mob siab thiab kev nyuaj siab, muaj tsis tau tejyam. Nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj 1958, tus paub txog tau tuag nyob rau hauv Paris.

Kev txaus siab thiab awards

Lug txhawb cov miv tuab Frederick raws li ib tug ntev, siab zoo thiab rhiab txiv neej. Nws nyiam nyeem ntawv, pleev xim ua hauj lwm thiab mus ua si qhov piano. Nyob rau hauv 1940 Joliot-Curie, nws yeej ib tug kub puav pheej Barnard ntawm Columbia University rau koj scientific achievements. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub USSR Frederick muab lub Stalin nqi zog, cev tawm ib xyoos "kev kaj siab lug ntawm haiv neeg."