Frost tsis kam thiab dej kuj ua vaj tse. Qib ntawm qhob te kuj thiab dej kuj. Qhob admixtures rau watertight

Txawm tias muaj ntau haiv neeg uas niaj hnub tsev ntaub ntawv, qhob tseem muaj ib tug ua txoj hauj lwm nrog sib tw xaiv, vim hais tias nws muaj xws ib qho tseem ceeb cov yam ntxwv raws li durability, kev cia siab thiab durability. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev daws teeb meem rau cov tsim cov me nyuam yaus, masonry, plaster thiab lwm yam tsev ua hauj lwm.

Dej kuj ua vaj tse, raws li zoo raws li nws muaj peev xwm los mus tiv hnyav huab cua tej yam kev mob, yog lub ntsiab zoo kom ib tug ntev kev pab cuam lub neej ntawm tas cov khoom. Cov kev yog qhov tseem ceeb thaum xaiv ib hom ntawm cov lub tsev khoom.

Qhob, te kuj thiab dej kuj uas yog nyob rau ntawm ib theem siab, yog ib tug guarantee ntawm zoo thiab zoo heev ua hauj lwm zoo ntawm tej yam tsim. Nyob rau hauv cov zog yog meant lub peev xwm ntawm qhob khoom mas phiv los ntawm tej yam ntuj tso phenomena xws li dej, dej thiab ib tug tsis zoo kub.

Tam sim no, muaj ntau ntau yam qib ntawm qhob te kuj thiab dej kuj, yus muaj los ntawm zoo, cov nqi thiab kev siv technology tshiab tuition. Qhov no kev faib pab rau xaiv optimally haum cov ntaub ntawv uas rau lug, npaj rau kev siv nyob rau hauv txawv tej yam kev mob.

Nyiaj Muas qhob waterproofing

Nyob ntawm seb cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm dej kuj, lub pob zeb no tau muab faib mus rau hauv kaum loj hom (GOST 26633). Lawv qhia los ntawm tsab ntawv W Latin nrog ib tug cov nqi indicative ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws siab ntawm dej, uas tiv lub pob zeb ua kev kuaj qauv ntawm cylindrical puab ntawm 15 cm nyob rau hauv qhov siab thaum lub sij hawm tshwj xeeb kev soj ntsuam.

Kev txiav txim ntawm dej kuj ua vaj tse yog nqa rau tib neeg thiab indirect ntsuas ntawm nws cov sis raug zoo nrog cov dej. Direct ntsuas yog lub qib ntawm qhob thiab nws filtration rate, thiab indirect - ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm dej haum thiab dej-MAAs piv los ntawm ceeb thawj.

Nyob rau hauv lwm yam thiab coj mus muag siv xyaum kawm dej kuj ua vaj tse, them mloog kom nws hom, thiab lwm yam kev tseem ceeb tsuas yog nyob rau zus tau tej cov tsev cov ntaub ntawv.

Cov yam ntxwv nta ntawm qhob hom waterproof kev ua tau zoo

Thaum xaiv ib hom ntawm cov pob zeb yuav tsum tau mus ua tau tej yam hom siv ua hauj lwm ua los ntawm cov index xov tooj uas ua raws li cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm lub W, characterizing cov neeg kawm ntawv kev sis raug zoo ntawm cov khoom uas muaj dej thiab dej. Piv txwv li, tus nqi qis tshaj kuj ntawm vaj tse thiab, yog li ntawd, qhov uas tsis muaj zoo, qib W2. Lub ntsiab nyob rau hauv no vim yog tsis pom zoo kom siv tau txawm nyob rau hauv tej kev kawm nrog tsawg humidity theem.

Tej degree ntawm permeability nyob rau hauv pob zeb W4 hom. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj lub peev xwm los nqus tej nqi dej, yog li nws siv yog tau yog hais tias muab zoo waterproofing.
Nyob rau nram qab no txaus qhia nyob rau hauv qhov zoo tshaj ntawm scale yuav tsum kos W6, uas yog yus muaj los ntawm cov uas tsis muaj permeability. Qhov no yog hais txog lub pob zeb formulations ntawm nruab nrab zoo thiab tsis muaj nqi qeb, thiab qhov no yog vim lub koob meej ntawm txoj kev siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho.

Qhob W8 cim muaj ib tug uas tsis muaj permeability vim hais tias nws absorbs dej nyob rau hauv ib tug npaum li ntawm xwb txog 4.2% ntawm qhov nyhav. Nws yog zoo dua thiab kim kim kev xaiv, muab piv nrog W6 cim.

Raws li qib kev ua vaj tse nrog indexes 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 thiab 20. Lub siab dua tus zauv tus nqi, lub sab permeability khoom. Raws li qhov no faib, feem ntau waterproof qhob hom yog W20, tab sis nws tsis yog feem ntau siv vim lub siab kuj nqi.

Tswv yim siv ntawm tej hom kev ua vaj tse rau dej kuj

Qhob ntau yam yuav tsum tau xaiv nyob rau hauv lub khiav hauj lwm tej yam kev mob ntawm cov khoom. Piv txwv li, rau pouring lub hauv paus zoo suited W8 cim arrangement muab ntxiv waterproofing. Plastering phab ntsa los tsim ua vaj tse qib W8-W14. Txawm li cas los, txhua yam heev ntub thiab txias chav dej kuj ua vaj tse yog yuav tsum tau lub siab tshaj plaws, li ntawd nws yog pom zoo kom siv lub siab tshaj plaws zoo kev daws teeb meem thiab yuav tsum tau ntxiv kev kho mob ntawm cov phab ntsa nrog tshwj xeeb basecoat.

Kom zoo thiab ruaj txheej phab ntsa, pouring homestead chaw thiab kev yuav tsum tau siv pob zeb nrog lub siab tshaj plaws qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov dej kuj, raws li cov chaw no muaj tsis tu ncua tau raug mus rau lub phiv los ntawm cov sab nraud cov huab cua puag.

Additives nyob rau hauv pob zeb rau waterproof lawv tus kheej txhais tes

Qhov yuav tsum tau siv zoo qhob mixtures nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov ntau yam khoom los yog ntsiab los ntawm cuab kev, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau ib tug tseem ceeb nyiaj txiag peev vim lub high nqi ntawm xws ntaub ntawv. Tab sis li cas yog hais tias tus siv nyiaj txiag xwb, thiab ib tug ua txhaum ntawm tus txheej txheem yog tsis tsim nyog? Cov lus teb yog yooj yim: koj yuav siv dabtsi, namely ua rau kom cov dej kuj ua vaj tse nyob ib leeg.

Niaj hnub no, muaj ob peb txoj kev yuav ua tau kom tus kuj qhob mix rau cov dej, tab sis qhov loj tshaj tej chaw tau ob ntawm lawv: los ntawm xa shrinkage ntawm vaj tse thiab nrog ib tug ib ntus ntxim rau lub pob zeb ua muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Lub liquidation txheej txheem ntawm shrinkage ntawm qhob

Concretes tsawg thiab nruab nrab qib yog sufficiently muaj qhov ntxeem tau yooj yim nqus dej. Qhov no tsis zoo cuab yeej yog amplified nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm shrinkage thaum lub sij hawm solidification ntawm cov tshuaj. Yog li, los txhim kho zoo thiab dej kuj ua vaj tse yuav ua tau tiav los ntawm kev txo qhov degree ntawm shrinkage.

Mus cuag tej yam tshwm sim yuav pab kev mus kom ze:

1. Koj yuav tsum siv ib tug tshwj xeeb qhob admixtures rau dej kuj. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov lag luam no yog hais tias thaum lub sij hawm solidification ntawm cov tshuaj lawv tsim ib tug tiv thaiv zaj duab xis, tiv thaiv nws cov shrinkage. Niaj hnub no lub lag luam muaj ib tug ntau yam ntawm additives nyob rau hauv pob zeb rau waterproof, thiab tab sis yog tus neeg ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lawv muaj yog ib tug, tsis tau txhua txhua ib kev xaiv nws muaj nws tus yam ntxwv, yog li ua ntej koj muas yuav tsum ua tib zoo nyeem cov chaw tsim tshuaj paus lus qhia.
2. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus muab ntxiv rau lub pob zeb ua rau waterproof tshwj xeeb additives, nws kuj pom zoo rau ncuav dej. Qhov no txoj kev yog ua rau cov thawj plaub hnub, nrog ib tug caij nyoog ntawm 4 teev. Tom ntej no, lub pob zeb ua qauv yuav tsum yuav qhuav nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso tej yam kev mob.
3. Nrog ceev ceev evaporation ntawm noo noo los ntawm cov tshuaj thaum lub sij hawm solidification kuj tshwm sim undesired shrinkage. Yuav kom qeeb tus txheej txheem no, tom qab pouring lub pob zeb ua qauv nws yuav tsum tau sai li sai tau them nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb zaj duab xis, uas yog tsim los ntawm cov hws tiv thaiv shrinkage thiab yeej txhawb kev nce durability ntawm qhob. Yuav tsum vov ib txoj kev uas nws tsis kov cov sau. Nrog cov npoo ntawm tawm me me qag cua cua.

Ib Ntus impacts on lub pob zeb ua qauv

Qhov no txoj kev yog muab ib tug qhuav tshuaj ntawm "mature" rau ib tug tej lub sij hawm. Lub ntsiab yuav tsum tau ntawm no yog ua raws li nrog rau txoj kev cia tej yam kev mob. Cov sib tov yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv ib tug sov so hoob tsaus tsaus thiab raug tas mus li ya raws. Yog li, tom qab rau lub hlis ntawm nws cov dej kuj yuav ua rau kom los ntawm ob peb lub sij hawm.

te kuj ua vaj tse

Nyob rau hauv qhov ntsuas no txhais tau tias cov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov pob zeb mixtures khaws lawv lub cev thiab txhua yam khoom nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm rov khov thiab yaj. Qhov no feature plays lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub xaiv ntawm concretes rau qhov kev siv ntawm choj Piers, airfield thiab txoj kev Pavements, waterworks, vaj tse thiab lwm cov chaw ua nyob rau hauv nruab nrab thiab sab qaum teb latitudes.

Kev txiav txim ntawm te kuj ua vaj tse yog nqa tawm los ntawm laboratory kev ntsuam xyuas kev siv ob txoj kev: lub hauv paus thiab ceev. Yog hais tias qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb txawv, yuav yuav tsum tau no kawg cov ntaub ntawv tau siv qhov yooj yim txoj kev.

Kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm qhob kuj yuav tsis tshua muaj kub

Tests nqa tawm siv qhov yooj yim thiab kev tswj kuaj, uas yog ua los ntawm ntau yam qib ntawm qhob waterproofing rau serial soj ntsuam. Control qhob teb yog siv los mus txiav txim lawv compressive zog. Qhov no txoj kev yog nqa tawm ua ntej cov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm yooj yim kuaj uas yuav tau raug mus rau khov-thaw nyob rau hauv ntau hom ntawm saturation, uas coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso climatic tej yam kev mob.

Piv txwv li:

• nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws hauv qab av theem;
• nyob rau hauv raws caij nyoog yaj ntawm cov permafrost;
• thaum raug nag lossis daus;
• nyob rau hauv lub qhaj ntawv ntawm periodic saturation, thaum lub pob zeb ua yog kev tiv thaiv los ntawm hauv qab av thiab nag lossis daus.

Cov kev faib theem ntawm qhob te kuj los ntawm hom

Raws li qhov tseeb ib tsab ntawm Standard, te kuj ua vaj tse hom denoted Latin tsab ntawv F. Qhov no tus nqi characterizes lub siab tshaj plaws pes tsawg tus ntawm freeze / thaw mus, tiv ib tug tej yam project kuaj hnub nyoog nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm yuav txo tau ntawm tensile zog thiab yuav txo tau ntawm qhov ceeb thawj ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv nws cov nuj nqis, yog muab cov kev cai uas twb muaj lawm cov qauv.

Yuav kom txiav txim seb qhov theem ntawm te kuj ua vaj tse txog zauv qhov tseem ceeb yog siv los ntawm 25 mus 1000 tauj Qhov loj qhov nqi, qhov zoo qhov tsis zoo thiab kev cia siab ntawm cov khoom.

Cov kev cai rau cov kev xaiv ntawm qhob mixtures

Xaiv cov yuav tsum tau qib ntawm qhob mixtures rau te-resistant zog yuav tsum tau nqa tawm kev noj mus rau hauv tus account lub climatic yam ntxwv ntawm lub cheeb tsam, raws li zoo raws li tus xov tooj ntawm khov thiab yaj mus thaum lub sij hawm txias rau lub caij. Nco ntsoov tias lub feem ntau kuj mus te muaj concretes nrog kev kub ceev.