Greek acropolis. Yuav ua li cas yog lub acropolis, qhov twg nws zoo li cas (yees duab)

Nyob rau hauv tim Nkij teb chaws, muaj ib tug ntau ntawm architectural khoom ntawm high keeb kwm muaj nqis. Ib tug ntawm lawv - lub Acropolis nyob rau hauv Athens. Acropolis - yog dab tsi? Txhais los ntawm cov Greek Acropolis txhais tau tias "high lub zos". Qhov no limestone toj siab saum toj no rau hauv lub nroog (80 m siab) nrog ntxhab qhov chaw siab tshaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov sab tsuas yog rau sab hnub poob. Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, qhov tseem ceeb muaj nuj nqi ntawm cov qauv no yog los mus tiv thaiv tiv thaiv invaders.

Lub hiob hais sib haum

Cov ancient Acropolis nyob rau hauv Athens, yog hais ntev ua ntej cov classical lub sij hawm ntawm keeb kwm. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub excavation ntawm kev cai cuab yeej cuab tam cov khoom tau pom tias sib phim lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov hnub nyoog bronze (feem ntau thaum ntxov thiab nruab nrab). Lub VII-VI cc. BC. e. Temples tau ua, tab sis tom qab kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov Pawxia.

Raws li Legend, lub Greek Acropolis nrhiav tau neeg Athenais cov kws huab tais Cecrops. Lub nce nyob rau hauv lub center bears lub npe, muab los ntawm nws lub npe - "Kekrop» (cecropia).

lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lo lus

"Lub Parthenon, lub Propylaea, Acropolis" - dab tsi sawv cev rau cov tswv yim, thiab dab tsi yog qhov keeb kwm ntawm cov lus?

• Parthenon - lub ntsiab tuam tsev ntawm lub Greek Acropolis, nplooj siab mus rau tus vajtswv poj niam Athena. Los ntawm cov Greek "parthenos" yog txhais li "nkauj xwb." Athena coj qhws lub npe menyuam yaus.
• Lo lus "Propylaea" - muab tau los ntawm cov Greek propylaion. Qhov no neeg pej xeem nrog koov ntawm tus nkag mus rau lub Acropolis nyob rau hauv Athens. Nws muaj ob tug sib txawv ntau Doric portico.
• Lo lus "acropolis" nyob rau hauv Greek lus txhais tau tias "Acro" - toj, "polis" - nroog. Uas yog ib tug fortified ib feem ntawm lub Greek nroog, nyob rau ib lub toj.
• Erechtheion - ib lub tuam tsev rau rau siab ua Athena thiab Poseidon. Tau ib tug asymmetrical muaj pes tsawg leeg yog nyob rau ntawm ob peb theem.
• Gekatompedon - lub feem ntau ancient tuam tsev ntawm lub Acropolis, uas yog nplooj siab mus Athena.

Lub Acropolis thiab nws cov hom phiaj

Acropolis - dab tsi yog muab zais rau hauv no ancient lub npe, thiab dab tsi yog nws muaj nqis? Nws yog lub ntsiab lub qhov chaw mus nrhiav tau tus huab tais. Tsis tas li ntawd sab hauv muaj ntau ntau lub tuam tsev nyob qhov twg cov lus thov Vajtswv twb muaj mus txog rau lub Greek gods, thiab them tus neeg. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm lub conquest ntawm lub Turks Acropolis si lawv lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub mosque. Raws li ntawm niaj hnub no - yog ib tug ancient monument ntawm daim duab uas architectural.

Acropolis ntawm Athens li ib tug architectural khaub ncaws ntau

Acropolis tsim cov tsos ntawm lub nroog ntawm Athens. Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, qhov chaw no yog tus nqi ntawm cov sanctuary, thiab kev cai center. Tag nrho nrog lug tuam tsev tsim ib zaug xwb khaub ncaws ntau. Acropolis Architecture unusually adept, tag nrho cov ib feem ntawm ib tug holistic, muaj yog tsis muaj qhov chaw rau randomness - vaj tse thiab monuments, lawv qhov chaw nyob kom zoo xav tawm thiab tsis tshua muaj cov zajlus kom. No khaub ncaws ntau yog lub tsev asymmetrically thiab sau raws nkaus Ii ob lub ntsiab hauv paus ntsiab lus Ancient tim Nkij teb chaws architecture thaum lub sij hawm nws flowering: kev sib raug zoo nyob rau hauv cov huab hwm coj tshuav nyiaj li cas thiab lub xaav ntawm daim duab uas architectural nyob rau hauv lub muaj zog ntawm nws siv. Parthenon thiab Gekatompedon - center. Acropolis 21 muaj Siv caij (ua yeeb yam Dionysus pej thuam Promachos Athens, propylene, Athens thaj Zeus sanctuary thiab lwm tus).

khoom

Nws zoo ib yam li cov Acropolis niaj hnub no? Yuav ua li cas cov ntaub ntawv yog tsim tag nrho cov ntawm nws siv?

Tam sim no, muaj ntau lub monuments yog cov Acropolis restoration. Yog li ntawd, sightseeing, koj yuav pom tias ib txhia ntawm lawv yog surrounded los ntawm scaffolding. Muaj ntau ntawm cov vaj tse raws tus centuries tom qab tseem khaws cia tseg lawv greatness, rau nws yog ua tau los txiav txim txog cov uniqueness thiab complexity ntawm architectural paub meej. Coj ancient txhua tej zaum yuav xav tias lawv cov ntaub ntawv uas ntau lawm - limestone. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, tag nrho cov ntsiab ntawm cov Acropolis tau ua ntawm marble, uas yog heev Dilapidated raug lub ntsiab thiab tej qhov chaw ntawm nws twb muab los ntawm kev tsov kev rog.

propylaeum

Nyob sab hnub poob ntawm ib lub toj yog nkag mus rau lub Acropolis. Yuav ua li cas yog lub Propylaea? Qhov no qhov teeb meem yog ib yam uas txhawj xeeb rau muaj coob tus neeg, tus thawj lub sij hawm mus xyuas lub ntsiab attractions ntawm Athens. Propylaea - Lub ntsiab nkag mus rau lub Acropolis, lub majestic rooj vag ntawm marble. Lawv muaj qheb rua thaum lub zaj tsib. Lub widest ntawm lawv (es tsis txhob ntawm cov kauj ruam nruab nrog ib tug nruab nrab kem) yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm yav tas los npaj rau caij thiab khiav tsiaj rau kev txi. Nws dav yog 4.3 m. Facades rooj vag muaj li ntawm rau-Doric portico. Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, qhov Propylaea, Acropolis ntawm tag nrho cov lug twb paub thiab feem ntau raug nplua ntau dua qhov Parthenon.

Parthenon

Parthenon - lub ntsiab lub tuam tsev, uas yog nto moo rau nws Acropolis, qhov twg lub bas-reliefs depicting scenes ntawm Greek mythology, xws li cov me nyuam yug ntawm Athena los ntawm lub taub hau ntawm Zeus. Lub magnitude ntawm lub tuam tsev yog heev impressive :. Nws dav 30 m, ntev 70 m kab, sawv nyob rau perimeter, muaj ib tug qhov siab ntawm 10 meters yog amazing qauv kab :. Lawv cuag rau ntawm qhov chaw thiab ces kaum mounted nrog ib tug me ntsis inclination nrog hwm rau hauv pem teb. Tsaug rau cov tricks ntawm ancient architects, lub tuam tsev zoo tib yam kev faib ua feem rau cov teeb meem uas sab ntawm nws saib. Hauv lub naas ej duab puab ntawm tus vajtswv poj niam twb ntsia - Athena tus ntxhais nkauj xwb. Nws yog tsim los ntawm lub ntsiab creator ntawm lub Acropolis, kes duab lub vajtse Phidias. Lub ob txhais tes thiab ntsej muag ntawm tus vajtswv poj niam tau ua los ntawm kaus ntxhw, pieces ntawm cov khaub ncaws thiab riam phom - kub, ci ntawm ob lub qhov muag tau los ntawm kev siv ntawm tej yam ntuj tso gemstones. Yuav kom qhov no hnub tus pej thuam yog tsis fwm. Nws tsos txum tim rov qab, ua tsaug rau lub pom ancient daim ntawv luam.

Erechtheion

Lub Tuam Tsev, qhov twg yog nto moo rau ob peb gods: Athena, Poseidon thiab Erechtheus (ancient huab tais ntawm Athens). Nyob rau hauv lub zoo ntawm Poseidon, sau nrog ntsev dej. Raws li cov lus dab neeg, qhov no zoo yog cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ib tug Trident strike cia tus poj Poseidon nyob rau hauv nws muaj zog txhais tes. Raws li qhov tseeb hais tias lub tuam tsev npaj rau ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov hom phiaj, nws muaj ob tug entrances rau sab qaum teb thiab sab hnub tuaj sab. Txhua yam ntawm lawv muaj ib tug portico, teem nyob rau Ionic txhua. Ntug qhov rooj twb dai kom zoo nkauj nrog ornate qauv uas muaj ntau ntau carved paub meej, thiab suav hais tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv kev zoo nkauj clypeus ntawm Pericles. Nyob ze ntawm lub tuam tsev nyob hauv lub qhov tsua nyob rau hauv uas nyob hauv lub dawb ceev nab vajtswv poj niam Athena. Nab embodied tus poj kav lub nroog - Erechtheus. Kom txog rau thaum tam sim no, lub sab hauv ntawm lub koom txoos tau raug fwm xwb nyob rau hauv lub ntawmv ntawm nws lub contemporaries, koj yuav nrhiav tau ib tug piav qhia ntawm lub thaj chaw.

Theatre ntawm Dionysos

Greek theaters tau yeej ib txwm tau ua nyob rau hauv lub hillside, qhov twg teev cov scene kom cov neeg tuaj saib, uas yog nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm ib tug ntoo nyob ntev. Cov neeg tuaj saib rooj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib lub voj voog (lawv hu ua "Theatron") thiab ib puag ncig los ntawm ib tug platform, qhov twg hu nkauj ua ke (qhov chaw hu ua orhestra). Lub IV c. BC. e. rooj rau cov neeg saib tau ua raws li ib tug so nyob rau hauv lub mob rocky av thiab ces yog kev nyuaj siab nrog marble. Theatre ntawm Dionysos - tus thawj monumental Greek ua yeeb yam, nyob rau yav qab teb txoj kab nqes ntawm lub Acropolis. Kom dim ntawm cov marble rooj uas tau npaj rau ib qho tseem ceeb qhua thiab mus saib xyuas cov pej xeem ntawm Athens. Peev Xwm Theatre - 17 txhiab tus neeg ..

Lub tuam tsev ntawm tus vajtswv poj niam Nike

Qhov no yog lwm extant lub tsev teev ntuj, ib feem ntawm cov khaub ncaws ntau (Acropolis). Yuav ua li cas yog lub "Athena Nike" - ib lo lus designating lub npe ntawm tus vajtswv poj niam? Nick feem ntau xwm li nrog tis rau nws rov qab. Tab sis qhov no lub tuam tsev yog ib qho kev zam rau txoj cai, raws li cov neeg Athenais txiav txim siab kom winning nyob rau hauv tsev. Yog li ntawd, lub tis yog tsis txhob txwm ua, tsis txhob cia Nick ya deb thiab tawm tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv lub nroog. Raws li, "Apteros" txhais tau tias "wingless".

Lub tuam tsev muaj plaub Ionic kem, tus qaum qhov chaw uas yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog kauv curls. Tuam tsev ntawm Athena Nike ua tau thaum lub sij hawm Peloponnesian ua tsov ua rog, ces tus bas-reliefs depicting lub yeej tshaj qhov Spartans thiab cov Pawxia. Thaum lub sij hawm lub capture ntawm lub Turkish sanctuary twb demolished rau qhov kev siv ntawm cov tub rog tiv thaiv. Rau hnub tim, lub tuam tsev ntawm Nike yog feem ntau kaw rau cov pej xeem vim restoration.

Yuav ua li cas nws thiaj li muab rhuav pov tseg

Ib txhia architectural khoom tsis tau dim mus rau lub hnub tam sim no. Nyob rau hauv lawv qhov chaw no yog pom xwb cov me nyuam yaus los yog cov shapeless ruins ntawm vaj tse uas ib zaug adorned Acropolis. Yuav ua li cas yog lawv khaws cia, ntsia zoo li nyob rau hauv nws cov heyday? Piv txwv li, Gekatompedon los yog Pandroseion? Qhov no yuav raug txiav txim los ntawm cov kev tshwm sim ntawm excavations lossis phau ntawv pov thawj, sab laug lub ntiaj teb no ntawm Ancient tim Nkij teb chaws. On-site Gekatompedon seem ntawm kab thiab qhov chaw ntawm sculptures tau pom. Sanctuary ntawm Artemis, thiab yuav luag puas lawm: nws pom tsuas yog me residues thiab warehouse nyob qhov twg riam phom tau khaws cia.

tshiab tsev cia puav pheej

Athens Tsev khaws puav pheej, nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Acropolis, launched nyob rau hauv 1874. Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, muaj muaj qhia hais, yav tas los tuav nyob rau hauv lub Upper lub zos. Tus sau los ua ntau thiab, tom qab ib pliag, tus muaj qhov chaw yog tsis txaus. Close mus rau lub Acropolis tau pib siv ntawm ib tug tshiab, ntau khab seeb tsev. Tab sis tsis yeej ib txwm ua hauj lwm mus tau zoo, raws li muaj ib co obstacles thiab tej teeb meem txuam nrog rau cov kev xaiv ntawm architects los yog av. Thaum pib ntawm kev tsim kho, thaum lub sij hawm ntawm kev npaj ntawm cov av rau tso lub hauv paus, keeb kwm tseem ceeb architectural khoom tau pom. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau muab tshem tawm.

Peb-theem tsev cia puav pheej complex nrog twb qhib nyob rau hauv 2009, ib tug iav pem teb yog li ntawd cov neeg tuaj saib muaj lub sij hawm mus soj ntsuam cov excavations.