Hom ntawm birch ntoo nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab: cas, yees duab

Rau Russians, tsis muaj tsob ntoo haiv neeg birch. Lo lus nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua VII, los ntawm qhov qhia txog kev "los tiv thaiv". Rau lub ancient Slavic lub cim ntawm fertility thiab lub protector ntawm cov neeg muaj lub deity - Keeper, lawv twb nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov birch. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntxim yuav zoo siv, lub npe ntawm tsob ntoo tau tuaj mus rau peb txij li thaum ancient lub sij hawm. Koj puas paub yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam thiab hom birch ntoo loj hlob nyob rau hauv Russia? Niaj hnub no peb yuav nrhiav tau tawm.

piav qhia

Muaj ntau hom ntawm birch ntoo yog cov ntoo, ncav ib qhov siab ntawm 30 mus rau 45 meters nyob rau hauv ib ncig lub cev loj hlob tuaj mus 150 cm, txawm hais tias muaj cov loj loj thiab me me shrubs, xws li tej me ntsaum, NW nyuam qhuav tsa saum toj no rau hauv av. Tag nrho cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub birch tsev neeg yog monoecious, dioecious, cua-pollinated nroj tsuag.

Lub hauv paus system ntawm cov ntoo ntawm lub genus haib, yuav ua tau ob qho tib si nto thiab obliquely tawm hauv sib sib zog nqus (nyob ntawm seb txoj kev loj hlob tej yam kev mob). Fading taproot yub tshwm sim haum sai sai, tab sis lub sab nrog ib tug ntau ntawm zoo mochkovidnyh cov hauv paus hniav yog tsim sai heev. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov xyoo ntawm tus birch hlob heev maj mam, tab sis nws thiaj li pib Prytkov siv zog upward, nkag mus rau hauv ib tug yeej tshaj qhov herbaceous nroj tsuag.

Cov tawv ntoo ntawm cov feem ntau hom ntawm dawb, daj, liab los yog reddish-xim av xim, txawm hais tias muaj ntau ntau yam nrog grey, xim av thiab txawm dub txheej ib feem ntawm lub pob tw. Lub hlwb yog lawm ua tus sau nrog cork cov ntaub so ntswg yooj yim peelable betulin (gummy dawb khoom). Tsob ntoo-centenarians feem ntau nyob hauv qab ntawm lub thoob, koj yuav saib tau qhov tsaus ntuj nti ua kaub puab muaj ntau ntau sib sib zog nqus tej kab nrib pleb.

Nplooj cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tsev neeg birch lwm, toothed ntawm cov npoo, tag nrho, ovate-rhombic los yog voos-qe zoo, du, monosimmetricheskie, ntev mus txog 7 centimeters wide - 4.

Hom birches nyob rau hauv Russia

Peb rov los xyuas dua cov kev piav qhia ntawm cov mej zeej ntawm no genus. Tam sim no kuv xav highlight tej yam uas nyob rau hauv ntau yam. Koj puas paub yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam hom ntawm birch tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no? Biologists muaj txog 120 hom slender, belostvolnyh, lub teeb ntoo, thaum nyob rau hauv Russia hlob txog 65 ntau ntau yam, differing nyob rau hauv ib co nta. Tsis rau ib yam dab tsi yog cov birch los ua ib lub cim ntawm peb lub teb chaws.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub txwm daj ntoo nrog ntev qhwv ntsej, muaj hloov tawm mus rau yuav tsi ib yam nkaus lawm. Cov feem ntau xws hom birches nyob rau hauv Russia raws li drooping thiab muag muag, tab sis yog muaj nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, thiab cov ntoo nrog daim tawv daj, violet, lws suav, grey, xim av thiab dub. Nyob rau hauv cov cim ntoo li xwb tej botanists paub tus genus ntawm birch. Yog li, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov loj hlob Far birch ntoo nrog shaggy es tsis txhob tawv. Tsis tas li ntawd no muaj ntoo nrog tsaus liab doog txheej ib feem ntawm lub pob tw. Qhov no hom yog hu ua hlau birch vim hais tias cov khoom ntoo, uas yog zaum ob tsuas yog mus rau lub zog ntawm bokkautu (tsob ntoo loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub tropics).

betula pendula

Raws li peb tau hais tias, nws yog ib lub cim ntawm Lavxias teb sab birch. Hom thiab ntau yam ntawm cov feem ntau cov ntoo nyob hauv peb lub teb chaws thiab peb yuav xav txog nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm. Ib tug pib nrog birch (cos). Qhov no tsob ntoo yuav ncav cuag ib qhov siab ntawm 30 meters nrog ib lub cheeb ntawm 60-80 centimeters ntawm lub pob tw. Nws yog yus muaj los ntawm openwork Kroon, dai cia los ntawm lub tua, snow-dawb los yog grayish-dawb tawv nrog rau ntau yam tej kab nrib pleb, uas nws lub cev nyob rau hauv lub hom birch ntoo. Tom qab ntawm lub thoob, lub tsim ntawm ntxhib tev. Birch nrog ib pob zeb diamond-puab puas loj hlob sai heev, ntsig txog, nrog grubokoroy - maj mam. Lub ntsiab feature ntawm no tsiaj - muaj cov me me growths, hu ua mob cos rau cov tub ntxhais ceg. Cov nqi tshaj plaws ntau yam ntawm Karelian birch yog suav hais tias.

betula pubescens

Downy birch ntoo nruab nrab yog ib tug ncaj-pob tw nrog ceg qhib upwardly, tus tawv ntoo ntawm cov dawb los yog grayish xim thiab dai cia cov tub ntxhais tua. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog prized burls birch.

Betula pubescens yog pom nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov chaw, tsuas yog cov huab sab qaum teb thiab yav qab teb thaj tsam, qhov chaw uas muaj cov shrubby hom birch ntoo. Hauj lwm ntawm lub chaw uas zoo heev ntawm loj hlob ntoo: feem ntau hom ntawm birch ntoo feem ntau loj hlob nyob rau hauv tib lub chaw ua si, txawm lub fact tias cov ib puag ncig thaj chaw ntawm lawv sib txawv; rau birch nyiam qhuav qhov chaw nyob rau ib lub toj, thiab mus ntxuav - nraum; qee zaum pom muaj nyob rau hauv marshy chaw. Cov birch ntoo loj hlob zoo nrog deciduous thiab coniferous ntoo.

Mini-ntoo

Yuav ua li cas hom ntawm birch, dhau li ntawm tus aforementioned ntau ntau yam nyob rau hauv qhib rau tej qhov chaw ntawm peb lub teb chaws? Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd Khingan ntawm ntoo siab siab nyob rau hauv lub roob Lavxias teb sab birches loj hlob ntsias. Ib txhia hom muaj nyob rau hauv lub Altai Toj siab thiab cov mountainous tej thaj chaw Central Asia. Botany muaj txog 12 hom ntawm ntsias ntoo loj hlob nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Yog li, piv txwv li, koj yuav txaus siab rau Altai cordata birch rau Pamiro Alta - Altaian thiab turkestan, thiab Tien-Shan - birch Sapozhnikova thiab Schrenk.

Ntsias ntoo nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws muaj nyob rau hauv lub deb sab qaum teb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub treeless toj roob hauv pes cheeb tsam ntawm sab qaum teb hemisphere ntawm lub subarctic siv nrog ib tug raug ntxhuab-Lichen tundra tej nroj tsuag thiab mountainous sab hnub tuaj Siberia. Cov feem ntau muaj xws li ntsias birch ntsias, yuag, Middendorf birch thiab Komarov.

Ib txhia hom me me tias lawv yog ua tsis tau zoo nyob rau hauv qhov siab, boletus nceb. Nyob rau hauv tej qhov chaw, koj yuav nrhiav tau ntsias ntoo, nyob rau hauv tsos ntau reminiscent ntawm lov tas vau: birch Kuzmischeva, Gmelin, stunted, kustranikovaya, ovalnolistnaya thiab cov Far East. Lesotudrovyh loj hlob feem ntau nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, nyob rau hauv swampy cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov.

Dahurian birch

Temnokorye tsob ntoo hom lug faib nyob rau hauv lub Far East, tab sis ib txhia ntawm lawv muaj peev xwm yuav qhuas nyob hauv Eastern Siberia. Cov no muaj xws birch, Dahurian. Tsob ntoo nrog ib tug openwork yas hlob rau 25 m nyob rau hauv qhov siab. Lub ntsiab sib txawv los ntawm lwm hom - tus thawj tawv: cov tub ntxhais birches nws pinkish Hawj txawm, cov laus - tsaus grey, tej zaum dub-xim av, tawg raws grain. Birch tawv tej zaum yuav tsis tseg cov exfoliate thiab poob tawm, lub tshuav ib feem uas hangs tufts tsim curl nyhuv. Tsaus ntsuab nplooj ntawm birch dahurica (dub) rau lub caij nplooj zeeg dawb ua daj-xim av ntxoov ntxoo. Flowering pib tam sim ntawd tom qab blooming nplooj. Lub loj hlob rau lub caij yog luv dua nyob rau hauv lwm hom.

birch koog

Nyob rau hauv lub roob ntawm lub Dub hiav txwv tub tiv thaiv rau sab qab teb ntawm Tuapse thiab Rion phiab muaj me me forests ntawm birch Medvedev. Tsaug rau qhov zoo rooting ceg, qhov no hom feem ntau loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw siab tshaj, ntawm rooted tua tsim tshiab subsidiaries ntoo.

Txawv txawv saib nyob rau hauv nyuaj tsim birch Radde nrog liab-liab daim tawv. Lub tsuas tus neeg sawv cev nyob rau hauv Russia mob ntoo - birch Maksimovic, uas yog nyob tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb kob ntawm Kunashir Island (Kuril caj).

Moscow sau

Lub Main Botanical vaj ntawm lub capital ntawm tag nrho cov sau yog faib tsuas yog ob tug ntawm ntau yam North American temnokoryh ntoo. Lawv tsis nyiam peb Khingan hom birch ntoo! Tsuas yog muaj cov heev heev qhwv ntsej, raug ntawm no nroj tsuag, qhia hais tias qhov no yog ib tug muam ntawm peb Birch. Tsis tas li ntawd no muaj ntoo nrog golden ci tawv. Qhov no yog ib tug ntawm cov North American hom.

Tam sim no koj paub ntau npaum li cas hom ntawm birch ntoo loj hlob nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb, thiab hais tias Russia tau ua tus richest nyob rau hauv hom muaj pes tsawg leeg birches lub teb chaws.