Ntev ntawm txoj hnyuv

Cov hnyuv yog lub digestive system nyob rau hauv feem ntau vertebrates. Nws yuav tsum tau ncaj qha mus tom qab lub plab. Nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv yog mus tas li digesting noj cov zaub mov, qhov haum cov as-ham zoo li raws li tshem (khiav tawm) undigested tshuaj.

Nyob rau hauv ib co tsiaj txhu, cov hnyuv yog cia li tawm ntawm no department. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, qhov ntev ntawm lub hnyuv nyob rau hauv lub hom ntawm cov tsiaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lawv cov khoom noj khoom haus kom tsawg thiab muaj hnub nyoog.

Qhov tseem txheej thaum ub ntawm lub kaw qauv ntawm cov digestive department tshwm sim nyob rau hauv flatworms thiab coelenterates (colonial cnidarians). Cov yav tas muaj ib zaug xwb gastrovascular kab noj hniav los ntawm kev uas cov kev pauv ntawm tshuaj ntawm tus neeg ntawm uas yog powered, thiab lwm yam pawg neeg. Thaum flatworms muaj yog ib tug qhib rau tau txais cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab tshem tawm ntawm cov khib nyiab.

Invertebrates (kab, Molluscs) muaj hnyuv, muaj raws ntawm peb kev sib cais (anterior, posterior thiab nruab nrab hnyuv). Lub pem hauv ntej ib feem muaj xws li lub qhov ncauj, goiter, lub caj pas, hlab pas, nyob rau ntawm lub tsheb ntawm lub qhov quav thiab qhov quav, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab - nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, hnyuv, Malpighian hlab ntsha, mob plab. Ib txhia corals muaj evert hnyuv. Plab zom mov li nqa sab nraum.

Cov kab ntawm lub lamprey-peskoroek thiab Amphioxus muaj txaus ncaj thiab hnyuv. Authority pib tam sim ntawd tom qab lub oropharyngeal kab noj hniav. neeg laus lampreys ntev ntawm txoj hnyuv me me (tsis muaj ntau tshaj li lub cev xwb). Authority pib tam sim ntawd tom qab cov hlab pas muaj ib tug valve nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug kauv. Vim li no cov kauv-zoo li tus longitudinal fold nce haum thiab kev zom cheeb tsam. Muab Kauv valve yog tam sim no thiab sturgeons thiab sharks.

Muaj ntau vertebrate hnyuv ntev tso cai rau kom faib nws mus rau hauv khej - ib tug ncaj qha, loj thiab me me hnyuv. Nyob rau hauv lub cev muaj tso tawm secrets ntawm lub pancreas thiab siab. Thaum pib ntawm lub hnyuv bony ntses nyob pyloric appendages (qhov muag tsis pom dab). Lawv tus xov tooj tej zaum yuav txawv. Amphibians yog lub duodenum, thiab cov cloaca qhib qhov quav.

Av herbivorous tsiaj reptiles tau zoo-tsim cecum. Nws yog nyob rau ntawm tus ciam teb ntawm lub loj thiab me me Division. Qhov ntev ntawm txoj hnyuv (nyias) tus noog ob peb lub sij hawm lub cev ntev. Los ntawm cov rear division, uas yuav qhib rau hauv lub cloaca, nws cais ob tug dig muag outgrowths. Virtual thiab cov nyuv yog tsis tam sim no.

Herbivorous tsiaj muaj ib tug ntev txaus hnyuv. Qhov muag tsis pom thiab tuab seem nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lawv tau tsim zoo heev. nyuv ntev nas yuav ncav cuag 53% ntawm tag nrho cov qhov ntev ntawm txoj hnyuv. Txhom nws yog ntau npaum li cas luv luv. Piv txwv li, ib tug yaj hnyuv, uas yog ntev tshaj li lub cev ntev ntawm 29-35 lub sij hawm lub npua teb - 14, nees - 12, thiab hma - 6. Tus roj sib cais nyob rau hauv inhabits symbiotic kab mob, uas muaj feem ntau zoo tsim herbivorous.

Hnyuv nyob rau hauv tib neeg yog cov coob hloov khoom nruab nrog ntawm lub digestive system. Nws pib los ntawm lub plab thiab xaus nrog lub qhov quav (qhov quav). Khoom noj khoom haus loj tsiv los ntawm peristalsis (yoj zoo li cov lus). Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev zom yog muab kev koom tes, nws yog nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm cov kab mob thiab roos ib tug muaj. Qhov no feem GIT zom cov zaub mov yog nqa tawm tsis tau tsuas yog, tab sis kuj haum ntawm mineral ntsiab ntawm cov zaub mov, cov synthesis ntawm tej yam cov tshuaj hormones, lub cev tsis muaj dab.

Thaum lub sij hawm nws lub neej, ntev ntawm cov hnyuv nyob rau hauv tib neeg (neeg laus) yog hais txog plaub meters. Thaum yug, nws yog hais txog peb meters, uas ntau cov me nyuam mos txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv nruab nrab rau lub sij hawm. Qhov ntev ntawm tus tib neeg hnyuv tom qab kev tuag nce thiab yog hais txog xya yim meters. Qhov no yog vim lub so rau cov nqaij ntshiv tom qab kev tuag.