Humanoid robots: yees duab thiab Technology

Tshaj yav dhau los xyoo lawm, muaj cybernetic pab kiag li lawm suab hloov tus txiv neej nrog yus, monotonous thiab hnyav industries. Nyob rau hauv lub nyob ze yav tom ntej npaj expansion ntawm qhov kev pab androids. Humanoid robots yuav daws qhov muaj neeg nyob li ntawm cov niaj hnub tsev tej xwm txheej, yuav tsum koom nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm cov neeg laus, cov me nyuam muaj kev tsis taus.

Tus thawj prototypes

Nyob rau hauv 1639, nws tau pib ntau tshaj ob puas xyoo rho tawm ntawm Nyiv los ntawm tus so ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Pauv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm Nagasaki twb tso cai rau ob peb tug tub txawj tub ntse los ntawm Holland thiab Tuam Tshoj, uas lub cim Japanese kab lis kev cai los tsim nws tus kheej txoj kev tsis muaj tej yam sab nraud cawv. Nws yog qhov kaj ntug ntawm lub me nyuam roj hmab tuaj nyob rau hauv no lub sij hawm, "Karakuri".

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, qhov no yog thawj humanoid robots nrog clockwork, txawm hais tias ib co kab txawv qauv uas tau tsav los ntawm chav dej los yog peppered xuab zeb. Me nyuam roj hmab entertained cov neeg thaum lub sij hawm rau pej xeem festivals, enjoyed enormous chaw nyob rau hauv muaj nyiaj tsev.

Xav nyob rau hauv lub internal ntaus ntawv "Karakuri" yog indecent, thiab cov sab nrauv tau them ib yam nkaus li ntau li ntau tus tsav mechanism.

Technology thiab Psychology

Japanese humanoid robots teev cov kev vector ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cybernetic pab kiag li lawm developers nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Lub ntsiab teeb meem nyob rau tsim anthropomorphic tshuab - qhov yuav tsum tau rau multi-qhuab qhia kev tshawb fawb. Lub zoo ib yam thiab hauj lwm ua ke lag luam yuav tsum ua tsis tau tsuas yog engineers thiab programmers, mathematicians thiab physicists, tab sis kuj psychologists, sociologists thiab historians.

Tus txiv neej yog inconceivable tsis muaj txoj kev xav. Thiab rau cov kev qauv, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub "kho vajtse" thiab software yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev peb tivthaiv anthropomorphic system - tus cwj pwm txawv. Kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no yog koom tshwj xeeb science yog zoo yam rau cov humanitarian - social robotics thiab robopsihologiya.

Humanoid robots, tsuas yog cov muaj peev xwm simulate ib tug yooj yim cov neeg kho tshuab zog, yuav tsum tau muaj kev ntse, nws tus kheej-kev kawm thiab adaptation.

Yuav ua li cas tau ib tug xov tooj ntawd?

Humanoid robots kawm tshiab professions thiab kev txawj ntse mus nrog tus neeg. Qhov tseem impressive yog txoj kev vam meej nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov hauv qab no professions:

• Secretary. Android greets qhua, hais txog lub tuam txhab kev pab los yog cov khoom.
• Waiter. Cov neeg hlau yuav siv sij hawm qhov kev txiav txim (hais lus los yog ntawm kov screen), hau cov ntaub ntawv mus rau lub chav ua noj, tais diav thiab muab tus neeg muas zaub xav kom (thiab yuav tsis tau ib tug ntsis!). Robokafe siv nyob rau hauv South Kauslim nrov heev.
• Coj. Coj. Nws piav txog nyob rau hauv kom meej txog cov exhibition, lub teev.
• Xib Fwb. Neeg zov me nyuam. Heev pab rau cov me nyuam kawm remotely rau ib tug neeg cov kev pab cuam.
• Cosmonaut. Thaum kawg, muaj ob uas twb muaj lawm Piv txwv li: "Japanese" KIROBO thiab "American" Robonaut 2. Thiab yog hais tias tus thawj yog tsim los tsuas yog rau kev sib txuas lus nrog cov neeg coob (photography, messaging), rau tom kawg yog tau autonomously ua complex kev paub tab nyob rau hauv qhov chaw.

anthropomorphic warrior

Favorite brainchild ntawm science ntawv tseeb yuav kev muaj tiag. Tub rog tshwj xeeb robots rau ib ntev lub sij hawm thiab ntse dlua nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States. Txawm li cas los, kom txog rau thaum nws los txog rau cia li kev sib ntaus los system, zoo-tsim lawv tus kheej thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Iraq thiab Afghanistan. Xws li ntse tiv nrog lub txawj ntse thiab engineering teeb meem.

Sib ntaus sib tua humanoid robots vim hais tias ntawm lub siab heev nqi muaj nyob rau hauv ib cov ntawv luam raws li exhibition kuaj. Piv txwv li, piloted hauv xov tooj ntawd Method1, qhia los ntawm Korean developers. Walker yog tau tsiv mus nws txhais tes thiab txav mus nyob ib ncig ntawm, mimicking tus taw ntawm lub xov tooj. Ib tug loj loj humanoid neeg hlau muaj ib tug qhov siab ntawm 4 meters thiab ib tug luj ntawm 1.5 tons.

Ntau coj loj muaj Lavxias teb sab hauv xov tooj ntawd, tab sis nws muaj ntau yam ntxiv functionality: rab yaj phom shooting, ATV tswj, kev kho mob. Cov neeg hlau yog muab los ntawm cov kev ua ntej lawm qauv SAR-401 (NGO "Androidnye technology") rau cov tub rog version ntawm cov paub tab tsim rau cov kev xav tau ntawm cov li "Roscosmos".

Japanese kev lig kev cai

Hiroshi Ishiguro - lub tsev kawm ntawv xibfwb ntawm lub Japanese nroog ntawm Osaka thiab lub koom haum rau Advanced Technology nyob rau hauv Kyoto - tau thoob ntiaj teb koob meej nyob rau hauv 2006, nyob rau cov pej xeem nws pes tsawg daim ntawv cybernetic - dzheminoida HI-1 (HI-1 Geminoid). Ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm sensors thiab servo motors tso cai rau lub anthropomorphic simulate tsis tau tsuas yog gestures, tab sis lub ntsej muag kab zauv tsab. Tom ntej ua qauv (HI-2; F; HI-4; Q1) yog txawm ntau muaj tiag. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, feem ntau humanoid robots - ib tug puppet tswj los ntawm cov neeg teb xov tooj ntawm ib tug wireless interface.

Raws li cov xib fwb, ib tug nyob ze resemblance tau yooj yim npaum li mus qhia cov hauv xov tooj ntawd xav zoo li ib tug txiv neej thiab ua rau lawv tus kheej kev txiav txim siab. Los ntawm Hiroshi Ishiguro Robots footballers tsuas schematically li tib neeg, tab sis lub pob yog, thiab kwv yees qhov chaw ntawm lub rooj vag, xa nws sab xis rau lub hom phiaj. "Hlau" Ishiguro pab - tsib-lub sij hawm lub ntiaj teb no champions robofutbolu.

Charming humanoid los ntawm Tuam Tshoj

Qhov no zoo nkauj zeej hu ua Jia Jia. Ntws cov plaub hau dub streaming ntawm tsoos suav tiab. , Luag nyav, nws yuav txhawb ib tug yooj yim dialog yog tau next rau hauv qhov chaw, thiab txawm flirts nrog cov txiv neej. Nws muaj nws kiv cua ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, uas dubbed nws "neeg hlau-vajtswv poj niam."

Jia Jia - Tuam Tshoj tus thawj hauv xov tooj ntawd, tsim los ntawm engineers ntawm lub University of Science thiab Technology (Hefei, Tuam Tshoj). Yuav kom tsim qauv thiab tshwj xeeb khiav hauj lwm software coj txog peb lub xyoos, thiab nws tseem yog deb ntawm zoo meej. Project thawj coj Chen Xiaoping paub hais tias tus followers ntawm "vajtswv poj niam" muaj ib tug zoo yav tom ntej. Robots nrog advanced AI tab tom nrhiav rau pem hauv ntej mus rau hauv cov tsev kho mob, cov tsev laus, ua yooj yim hauj lwm cov khw nojmov.

European humanoid robots

Nyob rau hauv lub qub ntiaj teb humanoid systems yog tsim thiab zoo tag nrho tsis pub dhau ROBOSKIN project. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws qauv CASPAR thiab iCub, yog me me. Thawj tsim nyob rau University of Hertfordshire (UK) thiab yog tsim los sib txuas lus thiab qhia cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv ib tug playful txoj kev. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv CASPAR mus rau lub kov, vim lub dag daim tawv nqaij rhiab sensors tej zaum yuav sib txawv thiab nyob ntawm tactile hu quab yuam. Nyob rau hauv me me tickling neeg hlau qhia siab ntawm tus muaj zog laub yws ntawm kev mob.

neeg hlau lub cev iCub (Italian koom haum ntawm Technology, Genoa) muaj 53 degrees ntawm txoj kev ywj pheej, kuj tau xov hauv xov tooj ntawd tshuab los ntawm kov. Nws zoo li ib tug me nyuam 4 - 5 xyoo. Yuav nkag, muab khoom, next tus struts.

US State Order

Humanoid PETMAN (sau ntawm peb tes num R. Pleyter, Boston Dinamics) tsis qhia tej siab ntsws xav ntawm tag nrho cov, rau tej yam yooj yim yog vim li cas hais tias nws twb tsis muaj lub taub hau. Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov tsoom fwv thiaj li yuav ntsuam xyuas cov zoo thiab kev soj ntsuam ntawm kev tiv thaiv suits. Cov neeg hlau muaj ib tug txiv neej nruab nrab tsis: qhov siab ntawm 1.75 m nyhav 80 kg. PETMAN teb ib ce muaj zog. Taug kev thiab jogging ua rau ntau heev ua tsis taus pa, muaj lub cev kub, thiab txawm tawm hws.

Cov neeg hlau muaj peev xwm ua tej yam yooj yim ce: wrung los ntawm hauv pem teb, khoov, nkag, thiab lwm yam Nyob rau hauv tsis tau siv raws li ib tug cav thiab hydraulic system ntawm cables-cables ... Developers cog lus tias nyob rau hauv lub nyob ze yav tom ntej yuav tsim ib tug humanoid neeg hlau nrog autonomous zog mov.

Nyob rau hauv 2014, ob tug tshiab qauv ntawm ATLAS thiab tsov pom teev tau hais nrog ntau dua cov functionality thiab muaj, tiam sis tseem tethered mus ib lwm hwj chim qhov twg los.

Cov kiv puag ncig yog los?

Xibfwb Masha Vardi (Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TEB CHAWS USA) cav hais tias muaj tsis muaj kev txwv rau cov automation ntawm cov cav tov thiab yuav nws thiaj li ua ib tug ntau smarter thiab ntau txiv neej zoo meej. Txhua txhua xyoo ntau thiab ntau nrov, yog hais tias tsis hlub, nyiam thoob plaws hauv lub ntiaj teb no humanoid robots. Cov duab thiab cov yeeb yaj duab nyob rau hauv Web no nkag mus rau hauv lab ntawm views, thiab tsis tau cov tab tom yuav expansion ntawm lub robots yuav tshuam kom qhia tawm rau ntawm lub poob hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv cov pab pawg neeg ntawm kev pheej hmoo professions thiab txoj haujlwm uas yuav tsum hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv binary code: telecom tswv thiab checkpoints, cashiers thiab lwm tus neeg.

Thiab lub sab saum toj 5 zoo tshaj plaws humanoid robots pov thawj:

1. GEMINOID-F - hluas nkauj hlau (Nyiv). Humanoid daim qauv ntawm cov xibfwb Ishiguro. Nws yog tau tham, luag ntxhi, qhia ntsi xws li ib tug tag nrho palette ntawm tus cwj pwm txawv thiab txawm hu nkauj. Nws ua si ob peb lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub ua yeeb yam.
2. ASIMO - hauv xov tooj ntawd (Honda, Nyiv). Nyob rau hauv lub arsenal - khiav, kev kov yeej kev ntawm stairs, ua si football. Nws muaj ib tug complex tshuab tsis pom kev systems thiab faib sensor network. Tau qhib lub raj mis thiab ncuav tus txheem ntawm lub tsom iav.
3. Ro-Tub - humanoid (Federal lub koom haum of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland), tag nrho cov qhov chaw uas muab ib tug qauv rau kev 3D-luam.
4. NTSEJ MUAG (Ltalis) - lub feem ntau kev xav ntawm cov European neeg hlau. 32 Drive ua rau cov nqaij ntshiv ntawm lub cev thiab lub ntsej muag yog heev mobile.
5. Alice ( "Neyrobotiks", Russia) - lub feem ntau muaj tiag Lavxias teb sab hauv. 8 actuators yog tshuaj nrog ib tug gamepad.