Ib nyuag Keeb kwm ntawm batik li ib daim duab

Tus txiv neej yeej ib txwm, los ntawm qhov ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm nws lub neej, nrhiav kom zoo nkauj rau ntiaj teb ib puag ncig nws. Hauv chav kawm mus txhua yam uas yuav tsuas me ntsis hloov cov khoom, ib puag ncig puag ncig nws. стория батика рассказывает как раз об этом. Thiab zaj dabneeg batik qhia yog hais txog nws.

Batik - daim duab ntawm daim ntaub

Los pleev xim rau ib tug txiv neej ib txwm kawm, ib zaug nws tau kawm los lwv los yog xaws hnab looj tes. Ntawm chav kawm, batik yog ib daim duab, thiab tsis yog ib qho yuav tsum tau siv kom muaj ntau tus neeg lub neej, thiab nws muaj peev xwm heev dhau lawm thiab muaj kuab heev, xav tau tus tswv ntawm cov txuj ci tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem no.

Kev paub ntawm batik

Txawm tias txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev siv tshuab, cov khoom siv, kev kos duab ntawm batik yog tseem ceeb thiab xav tau. Nws yog siv los ua ib qho kev ywj siab ntawm kev kos duab thiab ua ib txoj hauv kev dai kom zoo nkauj khoom - khaub ncaws, shawls, curtains, theatrical scenes. Lo lus "batik" yog los ntawm cov neeg Amelikas "poob ntawm wax". Thiab nws yog cov khoom siv uas yog siv los ua ib qho hauv paus rau ib nrab ntawm cov ntaub ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kom tau cov qauv thiab cov ornaments. Thiab cov khoom no thiab tseem yog siv nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kub batik. Kev siv tshuab ntawm dyeing fabrics nyob rau hauv kos duab ntawm batik muaj ntau cov lus qhia, uas unites ib txoj ntsiab - reservation, uas yog, kev tiv thaiv ntawm ib tug neeg khej ntawm lub canvas thiaj li khaws cia lawv cov xim thaum ntxiv kos. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus no tau siv rau ntau txoj hauv kev, nyob ntawm qhov txheej txheem ntawm lub Batik.

Ntxiv nrog rau qhov kev cob qhia, lub Batik tau nws tus kheej artistic nta, vim hais tias nws cov uniqueness yog ib tug ua ke ntawm ntau hom kev ua yeeb yam. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem nrhiav cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov duab, dejcawv, pastels, txawm siv cov iav thiab mosaics. Lub kos duab ntawm lub batik nws tus kheej yog nyob rau hauv hais tias nws yog ib qho yooj yim heev kom txawj. Qhov no yog ib yam khoom plig zoo siab, vim hais tias txhua yam hauj lwm hauv cov txheej txheem no yog ib qhov tshwj xeeb, uas tau muab kho kom zoo, yog tias tsim nyog, nrog lwm cov khoom dai rau paj ntaub los yog applique.

South Asia - lub birthplace ntawm batik

Raws li cov historians, kos duab ntawm dyeing fabrics (batik) hauv Indonesia yug. "Anbatik" nyob rau hauv lub zos hais lus txhais tau tias "kos." Twb tau nyob rau hauv cov sij hawm nyob deb, cov poj niam nrhiav los kho lawv cov khaub ncaws. Qhov no, tau kawg, tau ua raws li nws cov hom phiaj - kom muaj feem xyuam rau kev muaj feem ntawm ib qho genus ntawm ib qho xim thiab qauv. Txawm hais tias muaj ob peb dyes, tab sis kos duab ntawm batik pub los tsim cov xim tha xim ntau xim.

приобрел оттенки охры и цвет индиго - песчаные полутона от густой тени до цвета слоновой кости разбавлялись ярко-синими пятнами высокого неба. Nyob rau hauv Indonesia, batik muaj gained ntxoov ochre thiab indigo - zeb halftones tuab ntxoov ntxoo los kaus ntxhw diluted xiav lub ntuj kaj siab me ntsis. Txhua yam ua tib zoo khaws cov secrets ntawm kev npaj xim, kev siv cov xim muaj xim, zoo li ib daim duab ntawm lub batik. Ntawm cov xim pleev xim rau khaubncaws sab nraud nws tau ua tau los qhia meej meej, rau qhov no los yog tus neeg ntawd yog leej twg. Cov duab kos tau siv ntau yam - paub daws teeb duab, graphic ornaments, zaj dab neeg. Cov tom kawg tau txais kev pab los tsim cov canvases rau dai khaub ncaws.

Indonesia thiab Is Nrias teb, qhov twg kos duab ntawm batik txig smoothly thiab hu ua "bandhan", siv paj rwb canvases. Cov ntaub ntawv txhais tes tau muab bleached, qhuav, thiaj li hais tias daim duab ntawm lawv poob raws li meej li sai tau thiab ntau tusyees. Cim sawv ntawm ancient neeg Indonesia thiab Is Nrias teb pib paj rwb ntaub, dyed batik txheej txheem. Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm no hom ntawm creativity originates nyob rau hauv lub ancient southeastern xeev.

Sawv daws ntawm Tuam Tshoj thiab Nyiv

Nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb, txhua yam yog sib txuas. Cov txuj ci tseem tab tom muaj ntau txoj hauv kev txawv teb chaws, los ntawm cov tib neeg rau tib neeg, kev coj ua tshiab, tshwj xeeb thiab hloov qhov kev paub ntxiv thiab ntxiv mus. . Qhov no tshwm sim nrog rau tus txheej txheem ntawm batik, lub keeb kwm ntawm txoj kev loj hlob thiab cov uas qhia tau hais tias nws twb dhau ib tug tham, txoj kev zoo. Nws maj mam ua rau kev xav tau tswv yim, thiab tom qab ntawd ces daim duab zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Tuam Tshoj thiab Nyiv. Tuam Tshoj muab lub batik ib lo lus. Los ntawm lub sij hawm no, cov xim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tau nrhiav tau zoo heev lightness ntawm cov xim, los sis tshaj, txawm tones thiab halftones, yog li subtle ua haujlwm tau raug masters ntawm lub teb chaws ntawm lub East. Kev zoo nkauj ntawm kimono Japanese poj niam mus legends, tab sis ob peb tus neeg xav txog li cas xws li ib tug zoo nkauj ntaub puv.

Cov neeg Nyij Pooj tau qhia cov kos duab ntawm dyeing fabrics, silk hauv particular, tus tshwj xeeb cov txheej txheem ntawm thiaj li hu rov qab batik, thaum cov ntaub raug tsuas, thiab ces nws bleached ntawm cov chaw uas tsim nyog nrog alkali. Tab sis cov duab ntawm kub batik, uas tiv thaiv cov ntaub so ntswg thaum lub sij hawm dyeing txheej txheem nrog kev pab los ntawm siv quav ciab, pub cov masters ntawm Nyiv thiab Tuam Tshoj los ua cov txheej txheem zoo meej perfection ntawm daim duab ntawm daim duab rau ntaub. Eastern motifs, qaim, xim nplua nuj los sis lub teeb xim ntawm cov xim zoo siab txhua tus uas pom lawv.

Muaj cov teb chaws Europe thiab Batik

Cas lub batik los ntawm cov teb chaws Asia thiab East tau mus rau teb chaws Europe? Nrog kev pab los ntawm Dutch neeg ncig tebchaws uas tsim tsim kev sib raug zoo nrog rau cov tebchaws nyob rau sab Asia. Thaum lub Dutch ua ntej tuaj rau Indonesia, lawv zoo siab los ntawm txoj kev zoo nkauj thiab kev tsis nco qab ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub zos pawg ntseeg. Tej yam txawv txav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim paj rwb nyiam traders. Thiab lawv coj Batik cov txheej txheem rau Holland, qhov twg tag nrho ntawm cov teb chaws Europe kawm pleev xim paj rwb thiab lo lo ntxhuav nyob rau hauv xws li ib qho kev nthuav thiab txawv txawv. Tiam sis tsis yog xyoo pua tom qab, zoo li qhov no, tab sis kev lag luam-intensive kos duab pib muab txoj kev rau txoj hauj lwm invented hauv England, luam tawm tshuab. Machine, tshuab cuab yeej, sai sai stamped on stretched canvases duab, lub fabrics tuaj tawm ncaj elegant thiab pheej yig, thiaj li hais tias tsuas yog cov neeg uas muaj nuj nqis lub singularity ntawm no hom ntawm creativity yuav nco ntsoov batik thiab yuav them taus them tus tswv. чуть было не закончилась, если бы не кустари-одиночки, сохранившие верность уникальному виду украшения полотен. Yog li ntawd lub keeb kwm ntawm batik yog yuav luag tshaj, yog hais tias tsis rau cov leeg craftsmen uas tseem ncaj ncees rau lub cim hom kho kom zoo nkauj paintings.

Lavxias teb sab Batik

Lub keeb kwm ntawm batik nyob rau hauv Russia yog ib txoj kev nyuaj heev, vim qhov kev kaw ntawm lub USSR los ntawm feem ntau ntawm lub ntiaj teb lub xeev. Thiab qhov kos duab no tau tshwm sim hauv Xees Asmeskas thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, thaum lub caij ntuj tshiab style nkag qhov zam - zoo nkauj pleev xim rau hauv shawls-shawls hauv oriental motifs, nthuav kev txiav cov poj niam lub dresses nrog nws. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, qhov no style tau npaum li cas hauv paus tsuas nyob rau hauv loj lub zos, lub xeev, nov novelty yog xyaum txawv. Artists nyob rau hauv cov ntaub. Lawv tsis muaj lub cib fim kawm qhov kev txawj ntse no, thiab feem ntau lawv mus dhau los ntawm kev paub, uas tsis pab txhawb txoj kev tsim ntawm batik cov neeg zoo li ib txoj kev los kho lub neej.

Qhov tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no yog qhov theatrical curtains thiab curtains, lub monumentality ntawm uas yog tag nrho ntawm Soviet cim. Batik raws li ib daim duab kos rau ib lub sij hawm ntev yuav tsis paub nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv Russia rau ntau yam. Tiam sis qhov nruab nrab ntawm xyoo pua 20th tau ua rau hom kev pleev xim rau qhov pib ntawm lub rooj txhawb siab. Nyob hauv ib lub teb chaws uas tau txais kev cawmdim tom qab muaj kev ua tsov ua rog, kev cob qhia raug txhim tsa nyob qhov twg cov masters ntawm Batik thiab cov tub kawm ntawv tau caw kom tsim zoo nkauj, tsim nyog rau cov neeg Soviet. Thaum pib, cov xim pleev xim pleev xim rau cov poj niam thiab cov khau khiab rau cov poj niam, thiab tsim kom zoo nkauj rau cov qauv kev lom zem thiab cov tsev koom xeeb.

Theatrical arts

Lub keeb kwm ntawm cov tsos ntawm lub batik (sau ua ke nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm) qhia hais tias cov txheej txheem no tau dhau los ntawm ib txoj kev nyuab. Yog hais tias peb txo nws mus rau qhov tsos, mus ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab perfection, ces nws tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam cov essence: lub batik yog ntau yam kos duab uas tau absorbed txhua yam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas lub teb chaws thiab haiv neeg uas yuav nyiam lub batik thiab siv nws los kho lub ntiaj teb . Piv txwv, nyob rau hauv Russia batik tau txais nws theatrical "kev kawm" - nws tau nquag siv los ntawm masters los tsim tis thiab scenic backdrops rau ntau lub theatrical productions, kev ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam. Nyob hauv lub teb chaws no, muaj tag nrho lub ntiaj teb ntawm masters-neeg ntaus suab paj nruag uas tsim cov duab thaij duab hauv batik cov txheej txheem, muaj cov zaj lus, cov ntsiab lus ntau, thiab qhov no yog ib qho zoo heev, ua hauj lwm ua haujlwm.

Xuas tes ua duab

Txawm hais tias keeb kwm ntawm batik yog xaus, ib tug tsis ignore daim duab ntawm ua shawls thiab shawls nyob rau hauv no kev. Nyob rau hauv Russia, nws tau yug nyob rau hauv lub 20 xyoo ntawm lub xeem tiam raws li ib feem ntawm lub fashionable sib - modernism. NEP yuav tsum tau ci ntsa iab thiab muaj kev ncaj ncees, thiab batik tau tso cai rau dai shawls nrog lub teeb duab ntawm Japanese motifs, uas yog ces lub siab tshaj plaws point ntawm fashion. Sij hawm dhau los, vim yog qhov xwm txheej, lub batik tau ploj tag nrho cov loj tshaj txoj hmoov, thiab cov khaub hlab tau yuav luag tuaj mus naught. Tab sis qhov thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua revived no hom ntawm kos duab, thiab shawls thiab shawls dua ib zaug los ua canvases rau artistic kev sim thiab cov chav kawm siab muaj tswv yim ntawm batik masters.

Irina Trofimova thiab lwm tus

Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm lub batik, nws txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union yog inextricably txuas nrog lub npe ntawm Irina Trofimova. Cov kos duab ntawm daim duab nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union tsim los ntawm kos, vim hais tias cov masters tsis tau mus txawv teb chaws kom tau acquainted nrog cov tswv yim ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lawv cov inception thiab kev loj hlob. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th Irina Trofimova tau tswj kom kawm cov nta los ntawm kev mus kawm sab nrauv, thiab qhia nws paub nrog rau lwm cov neeg Lavxias teb sab Lavxias. Irina Trofimova yog rightly xam qhov txwv zeej txwv koob ntawm lub teb chaws batik nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, nws cov txheej txheem ntawm monumental batik tau tso cai rau tshwm nyob rau hauv lwm cov lus qhia, txhua tus uas tau ntse tsim tam sim no. Masters-Baticists ntawm Russia txaus siab rau lub txoj cai deserved thiab hwm ntawm lawv cov neeg ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv creativity nyob rau hauv txheej txheem batik. Bright, thawj dluab tsim nrog kev pab los ntawm ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv batik fascinate, striking nrog cov kev txawj ntawm tus artist.

Mob khaub thuas Batik

Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub emergence ntawm batik technology tsim raws li ib tug tag nrho tag nrho tshaj centuries, tab sis lub chaw ua hauj lwm nws tus kheej muaj ob peb cov lus qhia:

• Kub kub;
• Txias batik;
• Dawb painting.

Cim thiab istory txias batik. Nws tau nrog nws tias txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev thas xim pib. Nyob rau hauv ancient Indonesia, cov fabrics raug pleev xim ua ntej hauv seem, cais los ntawm txhua lwm yam, txhaws qhov khoob nrog txawv xim thiab ntxoov ntxoo. Lawv tov, sib sau cov xim tshiab. Nws yog ib txoj kev kos duab heev, txij li ib daim ntaub ntub dej ntxaum cov xim zoo, yuav tsum tau ua tus tswv kom zoo heev. Tom qab ntawd, kom thiaj li tiv thaiv tsis tseem ceeb thiab cov neeg pluag-zoo sib tov ntawm cov xim rau ntawm daim ntaub, lub kub kub-"anbatik" yog invented - ib tug poob ntawm wax. Tab sis cov "txias" tshuab txuas ntxiv mus. Cov khoom sib xyaw tshwj xeeb nplaum, yog li ntawd hu ua reserves, tau raug tsim los tiv thaiv kom txhob nkag mus rau hauv cov khoom rau hauv cov ntaub ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg. Tom qab no qhuav kua nplaum yuav raug muab tshem tawm yoojyim yooj yim, muab cov ntu ntawm lub vas sab.

Kub kub

Cov kos duab ntawm nrag lub ntaub tau txais ib qho kev xeeb kub tsis yog lub caij nyoog. Kub quav yog qhov hauv paus ntawm cov txheej txheem no. Lub keeb kwm ntawm batik nyob rau hauv ntau haiv neeg, nrog rau cov kabmob Japanese painting "rocky", yog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kub batik. Cov hlab rhaub yog siv rau ntawm daim ntaub, sau tag nrho cov seem los yog cia li qhia txog qhov kev nkhaus, tom qab ntawd lub ciab av tawm thiab siv dua los tiv thaiv lwm qhov ntawm lwm cov xim. Qhov no yog ib txoj kev zoo uas yuav ua rau muaj kev xav tau. Qhov no yog qhia los ntawm colourful kimono Japanese poj niam, ntau ntawm cov uas tseem tab xim nyob rau hauv txheej txheem batik.

Tsis pub txwv!

Tab sis cov keeb kwm ntawm cov txheej txheem batik tsis tsuas yog daim ntawv thov ntawm ciam teb formations kom tau ib tug pleev xim rau seem ntawm cov canvas. Nyob rau hauv batik muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb cov txheej txheem hu ua dawb painting. Nws siv ntau hom kev kawm:

• Cov txheej txheem watercolor, ib daim ntaub ntub yog siv los ntawm kev pab txhuam los yog tsuag, nthuav tawm thiab tsim xim hloov;
• Cov txheej txheem siv stencil siv cov qauv ntawm cov ntaub los ntawm stencils nrog kev pab los ntawm ua npuas ncauj dab daig nrog cov xim;
• Dawb graphics uas siv cov ntsiab lus nrawm los ntawm kev khaws cov ntaub so ntswg uas siv cov hlua khi, hlua bracing thiab saline kua.

Dawb painting - ib feem ntawm lub neej tshiab nimno kos duab rau ntawm batik. Nws yog dav siv los ntawm artisans-amateurs uas sim pleev xim rau tom tsev tsis muaj cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb thiab khoom siv. Cov txheej txheem no yog yooj yim, tab sis tso cai rau koj mus decorate cov khaub ncaws qub - ris tsho, T-shirts, T-shirts.

Cov cuab yeej siv rau daim duab

Cov keeb kwm ntawm cov keeb kwm ntawm batik yog keeb kwm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov cuab yeej siv nyob rau hauv lub ntaub painting. Masters-Baticists muaj tag nrho cov suab paj nruag ntawm cov txhais tau tias. Cov no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov dav thiab txhav, qhov txhuam ntawm cov xim thiab cov nplaum los yog cov qaub ncaug, cov iav nyias rau kev siv lub thaub qab, cov koob ntim, cov ntaub, cov pwm, cov ntaub, cov riam, cov ntawv nplaum, cov nplaum yas lossis cov nplaum ntoo. Cov cuab yeej, yog tias xav tau, yuav tom khw muag khoom tshwj xeeb khoom siv tes ua khoom siv.

Kev nyab xeeb tseem ceeb

Dua li ntawm qhov tseeb tias Batik - yog kos duab ntawm tha xim rau ntawm ntaub, thaum ua haujlwm nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov cai tswj kev ruaj ntseg. Qhov no yog vim cov cuab yeej thiab cov khoom siv uas yog siv rau hauv txoj kev muaj tswv yim. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kub batik yuav siv kev qhib hluav taws los yog hluav taws xob ua cua sov rau melting wax. Cov xim tsis yog ib txwm siv natural, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg kos duab. Kev siv cov tshuaj dyes thiab cov kuab tshuaj yuav tsim kev voos ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cov mucous membrane lossis kev ua xua. Batik tsis tau kom muaj kev tiv thaiv, tab sis tseem saib xyuas cov kev ruaj ntseg kev ntsuas yuav tsum tau sib zog. Ua tib zoo xyuas koj kom ua hauj lwm nrog txhua cov cuab yeej, pib nrog riam thiab txiab thiab xaus nrog iav plhaub rau kev ua kom tiav.

Lub kos duab ntawm batik tsis tau ua tiav nws txoj kev loj hlob, cov ntaub ntawv tshiab thiab cov cuab yeej los ua ke nrog kev txhim kho ntawm tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ntawm creativity, thiab batik nrog rau. Ib hom duab zoo nkauj ua rau lub neej muaj yeeb yuj ntau zog thiab muaj zog nrog kev pab los ntawm cov qauv qub thiab cov niaj hnub masters.