Inflammatory kev sib kho: kev faib

Cov tsos ntawm inflammatory dab nyob rau hauv cov lus teb rau pathological zoo tshaj yuav yog txaus tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm tus kab mob. O - complex txheej txheem uas tsim nyob rau hauv ib lub zos los yog general theem uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov lus teb rau txawv teb chaws cov neeg ua hauj. Lub ntsiab hauj lwm ntawm kev tsim ib qho inflammatory teb qhia rau xa cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub pathological thiab rov qab los ntawm lub cev. Inflammatory kev sib kho yog cov intermediaries, yog ncaj qha mus muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem.

Luv luv rau cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm inflammatory tshua

Lub cev - zov tib neeg noj qab haus huv. Thaum cov kev xav tau yog yuav tsum tau ntaus rau hauv qhov kev sib ntaus thiab tua cov kab mob, kab mob, fungi. Txawm li cas los, nrog enhanced revitalization ntawm tus txheej txheem ntawm combating kab mob yuav pom visually los yog xav tias cov tsos ntawm cov kev soj ntsuam daim duab. Nws yog nyob rau hauv xws li mob mob muaj raws li ib tug tiv thaiv teb ntawm lub cev.

Txheej txheem yog mob thiab ntev inflammatory teb ntawm nws khiav. Tus thawj tshwm sim los ntawm cia li txiav txim irritating tau (poob plig, kev puas tsuaj, kev tsis haum cov nyhuv, kab mob). Mob mob yog heev thiab tsawg pronounced soj ntsuam tej yam tshwm sim.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub zos teb ntawm lub cev nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm kev raug mob los yog wounding muaj tej yam tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv inflammatory nram qab no:

• mob;
• o, puffiness;
• yaug kais dej ntawm daim tawv nqaij ;
• ua txhaum ntawm tej lub xeev;
• hyperthermia (kub sawv).

inflammatory theem ntawm kev loj hlob

Tus txheej txheem ntawm o yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub simultaneous sis ntawm daim tawv nqaij tiv thaiv yam, cov ntshav thiab lub cev hlwb. Tam sim ntawd tom qab raug tus kab mob mus rau ib tug txawv teb chaws neeg sawv cev, lub cev teb los ntawm lub zos vasodilatation nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm ncaj qha kev raug mob. Muaj yog ib qho kev nce ntawm permeability ntawm cov phab ntsa thiab lub strengthening ntawm lub zos microcirculation. Ua ke nrog cov ntshav txog ntawm no humoral tiv thaiv.

Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob theem ntawm txoj kev tiv thaiv kab mob hlwb pib ntoog nrog kab mob, pom lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Tus txheej txheem ntawm muaj lub npe ntawm phagocytosis. Hlwb, qe, hloov lawv zoo thiab nqus pathological nrog. Tom ntej no, sawv tawm nrog tshwj xeeb cov neeg ua hauj aimed ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob.

Nyob rau hauv thaum uas tig mus nrog cov kab mob ua kom puas qe thiab qub tuag hlwb, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm o. Yog li pib txoj kev loj hlob ntawm peb theem tshua ntawm tus kab mob. Lub homphiaj ntawm o raws li nws yog shielded los ntawm lub cev tag nrho. Tej zaum qhov no qhov chaw yuav tsum muaj throbbing. Lub cell pib tsim inflammatory kev sib kho los ntawm mast hlwb, uas tso cai rau koj mus ntxuav cov raug mob los ntawm cheeb tsam rau tej co toxins, khib nyiab thiab lwm yam.

General tswv yim ntawm kev sib kho

Inflammatory kev sib kho - yog active tshuaj lom keeb kwm, uas yog nrog qhov kev tso tawm ntawm lub ntsiab theem ntawm kev hloov. Lawv yog cov luag hauj lwm rau cov emergence cov tsos mob ntawm inflammatory kev tig cev. Piv txwv li, muaj zog permeability ntawm cov hlab phab ntsa los yog lub zos kub nce nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm traumatization.

Lub ntsiab kev sib kho mob yog txawv tsis tsuas yog rau cov kev loj hlob ntawm lub pathological txheej txheem. Lawv txoj kev loj hlob yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw tsis tu ncua. Nws yog aimed ntawm cov kev cai ntawm lub cev functions ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cellular theem. Nyob ntawm seb cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev txiav txim, modulators muaj ib cov nyhuv:

• additive (extension);
• synergistic (potentiator);
• antagonichesky (weakening).

Thaum raug mob los yog nyob rau hauv kev kawm ntawm neurotransmitter kev txiav txim ntawm kab mob unit ntawm lwm yam uas sis dab thiab cov inflammatory effector theem ua haujlwm yam ntxwv ntawm tus txheej txheem.

Hom ntawm inflammatory kev sib kho

Tag nrho inflammatory modulators raug muab faib ua ob pawg, nyob ntawm seb lawv cov keeb kwm:

1. Humoral: kinins, derivatives ntawm complement, txhaws yam.
2. Cell: vasoactive amines, arachidonic acid derivatives, cytokines, lymphokines, lysosomal yam, reactive pa metabolites, neuropeptides.

Humoral kev sib kho mob nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev kom ua pathological tau, i.e. lub cev muaj ib lub mov ntawm cov tshuaj. Lawv deposition tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub hlwb nyob rau hauv ib tug tsis nquag daim ntawv.

Vasoactive amines thiab neuropeptides lysosomal yam kuj pre-uas twb muaj lawm modulators. Qhov seem tshuaj teej tug mus rau cov pab pawg neeg ntawm cellular kev sib kho yog ua ncaj qha thaum lub sij hawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub inflammatory teb.

derivatives ntawm lub complement

Rau inflammatory kev sib kho yog muab tau los tseem qhuas kuv thiab. Qhov no pab pawg neeg ntawm biologically active tshuaj yog pom tias yuav tsum ua ntawm qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws humoral modulators. K derivatives muaj xws li 22 txawv protein uas tau tsim muaj tshwm sim nrog complement kom (tsim ntawm lub cev ceg los yog immunoglobulins).

1. Modulators C5a thiab C3a yog lub luag hauj lwm rau cov mob o theem thiab Liberatore histamine yog ua los ntawm mast hlwb. Lawv txiav txim no yog qhia rau mus pab tau txoj lub theem ntawm vascular cell permeability, uas yog nqa tawm ncaj qha los yog kov los ntawm txoj kev ntawm histamine.
2. Modulator C5a des arg tsub kom lub permeability ntawm lub venules ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub inflammatory teb thiab attracts neutrophilic hlwb.
3. S3 txhawb phagocytosis.
4. Complex S5-C9 lub luag hauj lwm rau lub lysis ntawm lub microorganisms thiab txawv txav hlwb.

Qhov no pab pawg neeg ntawm kev sib kho los ntawm ntshav thiab cov nqaij mos kua. Vim mus rau hauv lub pathological tsam, exudation dab tshwm sim. Nrog derivatives Nkij los txuam rau tso tawm interleukin, neurotransmitters, leukotrienes, prostaglandins thiab platelet-activating tau.

kinins

Qhov no pab pawg neeg ntawm tshuaj yog vasodilators. Lawv tsim nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg dej thiab ntshav ntawm tej globulin. Lub ntsiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li bradykinin thiab kallidin, uas txiav txim nyhuv yog raws li nram no:

• koom nyob rau hauv lub yuav txo tau ntawm nqaij du pawg;
• los ntawm kev txo vascular endothelial txhawb dab phab ntsa permeability;
• pab mus rau kev nce ntawm cov arterial thiab venous siab;
• expanding me me hlab ntsha;
• ua cov tsos mob thiab khaus;
• leeb lwm thiab collagen synthesis.

Qhov kev txiav txim yog aimed ntawm lub foundations ntawm bradykinin ntshav nkag tau mus rau lub site ntawm o. Kinins - mob kev sib kho mob. Lawv irritating mus rau lub zos receptors, ua tsis xis nyob, mob thaj, khaus.

prostaglandins

Cellular inflammatory kev sib kho yog prostaglandins. Qhov no pab pawg neeg ntawm tebchaw koom derivatives ntawm arachidonic acid. Qhov chaw ntawm prostaglandins yog macrophages, platelets, granulocytes thiab monocytes.

Prostaglandins - kev sib kho mob, exhibits lub nram qab no kev ua si:

• stimulation ntawm mob receptors;
• vasodilation;
• kom exudative dab;
• ntxiv dag zog rau ntawm hyperthermia nyob rau hauv lub lesion;
• accelerating zog ntawm leukocytes mus rau hauv lub pathological tsam;
• kom nyob rau hauv o.

leukotrienes

Biologically active tshuaj teej tug mus rau tus tshiab tsim kev sib kho. Uas yog, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob nyob rau hauv lub so ntawm tus nqi yog tsis txaus rau tam sim ntawd cov lus teb irritant.

Leukotrienes ntxias nce vascular permeability thiab leukocyte muab kev nkag tau mus rau lub cheeb tsam ntawm pathology. Yog ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub genesis ntawm inflammatory mob. Tshuaj yuav tsum tsim nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntshav uas tsis yog erythrocytes, thiab nyob rau hauv lub adventitia mob hlwb, cov hlab ntsha thiab muaj roj hlwb.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm o nyob rau hauv cov lus teb rau cov kab mob, kab mob los yog kev tsis haum yam leukotrienes ua bronchial spasm, ua rau cov kev loj hlob ntawm edema. Cov nyhuv zoo xws li cov kev txiav txim ntawm histamine, tab sis ntev dua. Target hloov khoom nruab nrog rau cov nquag tshuaj - lub plawv. Sawv nyob rau hauv ib tug loj pes tsawg tus, lawv ua rau lub plawv mob, qeeb coronary txaus thiab ua rau kom lub theem ntawm cov inflammatory cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

thromboxanes

Qhov no pab pawg neeg ntawm active modulators tsim nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm tus po, lub hlwb lub hlwb, mob ntsws hlwb thiab ntshav platelets. Muaj ib tug spastic ntxim rau cov hlab ntsha, txhim khu cov txheej txheem ntawm thrombosis nyob rau hauv mob ischemia, ua rau kom tus txheej txheem ntawm aggregation thiab platelet adhesion.

biogenic amines

Lub hom inflammatory kev sib kho - histamine thiab serotonin. Tshuaj yog provocateurs thawj zaug microcirculatory mob nyob rau hauv lub pathology tsam. Serotonin - ib tug neurotransmitter uas uas ua nyob rau hauv roj hlwb, platelets thiab enterochromaffin.

Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm serotonin txawv nyob ntawm seb nws theem nyob rau hauv lub cev. Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob, thaum tus nqi yog physiological Nruab Nrab, nws tsub kom vascular chua thiab tsub kom lawv cov laus. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm inflammatory tshua ntawm tus xov tooj tsub kom dramatically. Serotonin yuav vasodilator, ua vascular permeability thiab expanding cov hlab ntsha. Ntxiv mus, qhov kev txiav txim yog ib puas lub sij hawm ntau npaum thib ob biogenic amine neurotransmitter.

Histamine - inflammatory kho kom haum xeeb muaj ib tug multifaceted ntxim rau cov hlab ntsha thiab hlwb. Ua rau ntawm ib pab pawg neeg gistaminchuvstvitelnyh receptors tshuaj ceev rau ntawm cov hlab ntsha thiab cheeb leukocyte zog. Thaum raug rau lwm tus - nws narrows hlab ntsha vnutrikapellyarnogo ua rau ib qho kev nce rau hauv siab rau lwm cov tes, hnia leukocyte zog.

Ua raws Neutrophil receptors, histamine txwv lawv functionality rau monocyte receptors - nkoos yav tag los. Yog li, lub neurotransmitter yuav muaj ib tug inflammatory anti-inflammatory nyhuv nyob rau tib lub sij hawm.

Vasodilator nyhuv ntawm histamine yog kho kom zoo nyob rau hauv tus ntawm ib tug complex nrog acetylcholine, bradykinin, thiab serotonin.

lysosomal enzymes

Immune o kev sib kho yog ua los ntawm monocytes thiab granulocytes nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub pathological txheej txheem thaum lub sij hawm stimulation, tsiv teb tsaws, phagocytosis, cell kev puas tsuaj thiab kev tuag. Proteases uas yog ib tug loj feem ntawm lysosomal enzymes muaj antimicrobial nyhuv tiv thaiv lysing alien puas lawm pathological microorganisms.

Tsis tas li ntawd, active tshuaj ua rau kom muaj zog permeability ntawm vascular phab ntsa, modulate leukocyte infiltration. Nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm cais enzymes, lawv yuav ntxiv dag zog los yog tsis muaj zog lub tsiv teb tsaws ntawm leukocyte hlwb.

Inflammatory teb tsim thiab kav rau ib ntev lub sij hawm vim lub fact tias cov lysosomal enzymes qhib lub complement system, tso cytokines thiab limokiny qhib coagulation thiab fibrinolysis.

cationic cov nqaijrog

By mob kev sib kho yog cov nqaijrog muaj nyob rau hauv Neutrophil granules thiab muaj ib tug high microbicidal. Cov tshuaj ua ncaj qha rau ntawm lub teb chaws hlwb, cuam tshuam nws cov yam ntxwv membrane. Qhov no ua rau tuag ntawm ib tug pathological neeg sawv cev. Ntxiv mus, tus txheej txheem ntawm kev puas tsuaj thiab cleavage los ntawm lysosomal proteases.

Cationic cov nqaijrog txhawb neurotransmitter tso tawm histamine, ua rau kom vascular permeability, leeb lub leukocyte adhesion thiab tsiv teb tsaws ntawm lub hlwb.

cytokines

Qhov no cellular inflammatory kev sib kho los ntawm hlwb ntawm cov hauv qab no:

• monocytes;
• macrophages;
• qe;
• lymphocytes;
• endothelial hlwb.

Ua raws qe, cytokine ntau kom vascular permeability. Lawv kuj noj leukocyte hlwb tua, capturing thiab rhuav tseg txawv teb chaws kab mob tswm, txhim khu phagocytosis txheej txheem.

Tom qab uas pathological cov neeg ua hauj cytokines hnia rov qab thiab loj hlob ntawm cov hlwb tshiab. Sib tham nrog cov tshuaj los ntawm cov pab pawg neeg ntawm kev sib kho, prostaglandins, neuropeptides.

Active metabolites ntawm cov pa

Ib pab pawg neeg ntawm cov dawb radicals, uas yog vim muaj cov nyob rau hauv lawv cov unpaired electrons, muaj peev xwm nkag mus kawm rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog rau lwm cov molecules, noj ib tug ncaj qha ib feem nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub inflammatory txheej txheem. Los ntawm cov pa metabolites, uas yog ib feem ntawm lub kev sib kho, yog raws li nram no:

• ib tug hydroxyl radical;
• hydroperoxide radical;
• superoxide anion radical.

Yog qhov ntawm cov active tshuaj yog cov txheej txheej ntawm arachidonic acid phagocytic stimulation tawg lawm nrog lawv, raws li zoo raws li lub oxidation ntawm me me molecules.

Pa metabolites tej lub peev xwm ntawm phagocytic hlwb ua kom puas txawv teb chaws cov neeg ua hauj ua oxidation ntawm cov nqaijrog, kev puas tsuaj amino acids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, nce lub vascular permeability. Raws li modulators ntawm metabolites yuav ua rau kom o los yog anti-inflammatory nyhuv. Lawv yog cov tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob.

neuropeptides

Qhov no pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li cov calcitonin, neurokinin A, thiab tshuaj yeeb dej caw P. Qhov no yog cov feem ntau paub modulators ntawm neuropeptides. Tshuaj txiav txim cov nyhuv yog raws li nyob rau hauv cov nram no dab:

• attraction qe nyob rau hauv o;
• nce vascular permeability;
• Pab nrog lwm pab pawg raug nyob rau hauv rhiab receptors ntawm neurotransmitters;
• rhiab heev li qe mus rau lub venous endothelium;
• koom nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm mob thaum lub sij hawm lub inflammatory teb.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd rau tag nrho cov saum toj no, mus rau lub active kev sib kho kuj muaj xws li acetylcholine, adrenaline thiab noradrenaline. Acetylcholine yog muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm arterial hyperemia, ceev cov hlab ntsha nyob rau hauv lub hearth pathologies.

Norepinephrine thiab epinephrine ua raws li modulators mob, inhibiting kev loj hlob ntawm cov theem ntawm vascular permeability.

Cov kev loj hlob ntawm lub inflammatory teb yog tsis yog ib tug ua txhaum los ntawm tus kab mob. On qhov tsis tooj, nws yog ib qho hais txog hais tias lub cev mus rau tiv nrog cov paub tab.