Iran Plateau: thaj chaw, qhov chaw, cov zaub mov thiab cov nta

Lub highland, uas yuav tau sib tham nyob rau hauv qhov tsab xov xwm no, yog qhov tshaj plaws thiab loj tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov Asiatic. Nws yog khoov rau txhua sab ntawm siab, xau pob tw, ntws los ntawm sab hnub poob thiab sab hnub tuaj, sib sau cov Pamir thiab Armenian knots ntawm congestion.

Hais txog qhov twg lub toj siab Iranian lus dag, hais txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws cov nyem, txog cov zaub thiab tsiaj lub neej ntawm cov chaw no, thiab lwm cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no.

Cov lus qhia dav dav

Geologically, Iranian Plateau yog ib qho ntawm cov av ntawm Eurasian phaj, uas yog qhaub cij ntawm Hindustan phaj thiab Arabian platform.

Tais roob yog interspersed nrog nras thiab intermountain basins. Kev nyuaj siab nruab nrab ntawm lub roob yog sau nrog loj heev strata ntawm clastic xoob cov ntaub ntawv, uas tau muaj los ntawm lub roob nyob ib ncig ntawm lawv. Cov chaw qis tshaj ntawm cov phiab ib zaug nyob hauv pas dej uas tau ntev qhuav thiab sab laug loj tuab ntawm gypsum thiab ntsev.

Geographical qhov chaw ntawm Iranian Plateau

Iran - qhov loj tshaj plaws toj siab ntawm lub strike cheeb tsam ntawm tus ze East. Thiab feem ntau ntawm nws yog nyob rau hauv Iran, thiab nyob rau hauv Afghanistan thiab Pakistan nws los ntawm sab hnub tuaj.

Sab qaum teb sab qaum mus rau sab qab teb ntawm Tebchaws Thaj Tebchaw, thiab sab qab teb yuav siv lub tebchaws nrog Iraq. Cov chaw ntiav loj muaj nyob rau Iran cov roob siab. Nws lub koom haum yog: 12.533333 ° - latitude, 41.385556 ° - longitude.

Ua hauj lwm

Rau piav toj siab yam ntxwv succession ntawm roob loj heev plateaus thiab lowlands rau roob ranges, kuj qhuav kev nyab xeeb thiab cov loj heev ntawm lub semi-suab puam thiab suab puam ua hauj lwm. Chains ntawm toj siab nyob rau ntawm ntug hiav txwv, cais lub qhov ntawm sab tav toj ntawm cov lowlands ntawm ntug hiav txwv. Lub tom kawg tseem nkag mus rau hauv cov kev txwv ntawm cheeb tsam muab.

Cov outlying roob ranges sib nyob rau hauv lub Armenian highlands (nyob rau hauv lub qaum teb hnub poob) thiab Pamir (nyob rau hauv lub northeast), txoj kev ua ib tug lossis loj roob qhov chaw. Thiab nyob rau hauv qhov kev sib tshuam highland, qhov txuas ntawm sab nraud yog raug tshem tawm ntawm ib leeg, thiab nyob rau thaj chaw nruab nrab ntawm lawv muaj ntau qhov kev nyuaj siab, roob massifs thiab plateaus.

Keeb kwm ntawm lub npe ntawm Highlands

Iranian cov roob siab nyob ntawm thaj chaw loj heev, thaj chaw uas muaj li ntawm 2,7 lab square metres. Kilometers, thiab nws qhov ntev yog los ntawm sab hnub poob mus rau sab hnub tuaj 2500 kis lus mev, los ntawm qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb - 1500 km. Qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm nws yog nyob rau thaj chaw ntawm Iran (nws occupies txog 2/3 ntawm qhov chaw), uas yog vim li cas nws muaj xws npe rau lub highlands. Tus so npog ib co qhov chaw ntawm thaj av ntawm Afghanistan thiab Pakistan.

Nws cov qaum teb qis qis dua nyob rau hauv toj siab Meskas-Khorasan (ib feem ntawm lub roob Kopetdag), thiab thaj av sab hnub poob yog nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Iraq.

Kev Pabcuam

Loj ib thaj tsam loj heev nyob rau Iran cov roob siab. Qhov siab tshaj plaws yog nyob rau hauv nws cov cheeb tsam puab.

Yuav luag tag nrho txoj kev nruab ntug ntawm cov cheeb tsam marginal me muaj cov cwj pwm, yuav luag zoo tib yam ntawm kev nplij siab thiab cov qauv. Cov toj roob hauv qab no muaj kwv yees li siab (ntawm 1500 mus rau 2500 m) thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ib feem (Zagros) ncav cuag qhov siab ntawm ntau tshaj 4000 m.

Cov neeg caij npav no yog cov roob hauv npoo, cov tais hauv Cenozoic thiab Mesozoic pob zeb, uas yog kev nyuaj siab dav (qhov dav ntawm 1500 mus rau 2000 meters).

Kuj muaj ntau ntau gorges nyob rau hauv transversely, tab sis lawv yog li qus thiab nqaim tias nws yog yuav luag tsis tau los ntawm lawv. Tab sis muaj xws li transverse los ntawm hav uas dav thiab ntau yooj yim dua, los ntawm kev uas dhau los, sib txuas lus ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv thiab cov cheeb tsam sab hauv ntawm cov highlands.

Sab hauv ib sab ntawm lub highlands yog kom meej meej delimited los ntawm roob arcs. Elbrus nyob hauv qaum teb sab nraud nrog lub Demavend volcano (nws qhov siab yog 5604 m). Tsis tas li no yog cov Kheej-Khorasan roob (xws li Kopetdag), Paropamiz, Hindu Kush (Tirichmir nrog lub siab qhov siab ntawm 7,690 m yog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm Iranian toj siab).
Qee qhov ntau heev tshaj plaws peaks ntawm highlands tau tsim los ntawm ploj tuag los yog tuag volcanoes.

Cov zaub mov ntawm Iranian Plateau

Lub reserves ntawm minerals nyob rau hauv lub uplands tsis zoo to taub thiab tsis zoo siv, tab sis, judging los ntawm txhua yam, lawv yog cov loj heev. Lub ntsiab ntawm lub cheeb tsam yog cov roj, cov reserves loj uas muaj concentrated thiab tab tom tsim hauv Iran (sab qab teb-sab hnub poob). Cov khib nyiab no yog tawm rau Mesozoic thiab Miocene sediments ntawm cov toj ntxas ntawm cov toj ntxas (Zagros). Nws tseem paub txog cov hav zoov ntawm cov dej hiav txwv nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Iran, nyob rau thaj chaw qis qis ntawm South Caspian (lub xeev ntawm Iran Azerbaijan).

Iranian toj siab muaj nyob rau hauv nws cov deposits thiab thee (nyob rau hauv lub basins ntawm marginal roob ntawm sab qaum teb ib feem). Muaj cov khoom tooj hlau, hlau, hlau, kub, zinc, lwm yam. Lawv nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam puab thiab nyob rau hauv marginal ridges ntawm Iran uplands, tab sis lawv txoj kev loj hlob yog tseem tseem ceeb.

Hnyav reserves ntawm ntsev: cookery, Glauber thiab potash. Nyob rau yav qab teb, lub ntsev muaj ib lub hnub nyoog Cambrian thiab muaj nyob hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsev uas muaj zog ntsev ntawm lub cev. Muaj cov ntsev tso rau hauv ntau qhov chaw, thiab lawv tau tso rau hauv cov ntug dej ntau ntawm cov pas dej ntsev hauv nruab nrab ntawm qhov chaw siab.

Cov xwm txheej

Yuav luag tag nrho cov Iranian toj siab yog tsis pub dhau lub subtropical thaj tsam. Nws sab hauv, raws li tau sau tseg saum toj no, tau ncig lub roob. Qhov no yog qhov kev nyab xeeb ntawm Iranian Plateau thiab nws cov nta - dryness, high kub nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, thiab nws cov continentality.

Feem ntau ntawm cov nag lossis daus poob rau hauv cov tiaj ua si thaum lub caij ntuj no thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm lub sij hawm nyob rau sab nraud ntawm cov cua ntawm Atlantic nkag nrog lub voj voog. Vim lub fact tias feem ntau ntawm noo noo yog intercepted by ridges, tag nrho loj ntawm nag lossis daus yog tsawg nyob rau hauv cov chaw.
Piv txwv, lub cheeb tsam sab hauv (Deshte-Lut, thiab lwm yam) tau txais tsawg tshaj 100 hli ntawm nag lossis daus thaum lub xyoo, thaj roob roob siab - txog li 500 hli, thiab sab hnub tuaj - tsis pub tshaj 300 tawm mm. Tsuas yog tus ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Hiav Txwv Cas thiab Elbrus (nws txoj kab nqaj qaum ntawm qaum teb) tau txais txog 2 txhiab hli ntawm nag hmo, uas tau coj los ntawm cov cua sab qaum teb ntawm thaj chaw Hiav Txwv Hiav Txwv hauv lub caij ntuj sov. Nyob rau hauv cov chaw no, muaj ib qho loj huab cua av noo, uas yog nyuaj txawm rau cov pej xeem hauv zos.

Iranian plateau muaj nruab nrab lub Xya Hli ntuj hauv cov cheeb tsam loj ntawm thaj chaw - tsis pub dhau 24 ° C. Nyob rau thaj chaw lowland, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau sab qab teb, nws ncav cuag 32 ° C. Tseem muaj cov cheeb tsam uas lub caij ntuj sov no nce mus txog 40-50 degrees, uas yog vim muaj cov huab cua ntawm huab cua saum cov chaw no. Lub caij ntuj no nyob rau hauv feem ntau ntawm thaj chaw yog txias. Tsuas yog sab qaum teb Caspian lowlands (sab qab teb huab cua) muaj qhov nruab nrab rau lub ib hlis ntuj ntawm 11-15 ° C.

Zaub ntiaj teb

Cov dej nag, lub sij hawm ntev thiab qhov ntev ntawm lawv qhov kev poob rau ntawm highlands txiav txim siab yam ntxwv ntawm cov xau thiab cov nroj tsuag ntawm kev loj hlob tuaj rau lawv. Cov Iranian highlands muaj hav zoov uas tsuas yog nyob rau tej qhov chaw ntawm roob roob, nyob rau sab nraum cov cua uas ntub dej.

Qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog khaus thiab nplua nuj nyob hauv nws cov lus sib txawv, broadleaf forests loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub lowland ntawm South Caspian thiab nyob rau hauv qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm Elbrus adjoining nws mus rau siab txog txog 2000 m.

Feem ntau ntawm txhua yam, muaj ntsej muag ntswg thiab lwm hom, hornbeam, beech, glacial Caspian, ironseeds (endemic South Caspian), evergreen boxwood. Shrubs (undergrowth) - hawthorn, pomegranate, Cherry plum. Crocheted nroj tsuag yog ib tug qus vineyard, Ivy, blackberries thiab clematis.

Tsawg-nrom hav zoov hloov nrog plots ntawm swampy, overgrown reeds thiab sedge. Ze kev koom cuag vaj, citrus plantations, mov liaj teb (nyob rau hauv qhov ntau thiab noo chaw).

Nyob rau yav qab teb slopes ntawm Zagros hlob oak, tshauv, maple alternating nrog myrtle thiab pistachios. Pistachio forests thiab tsob ntoo zoo li junipers kuj muaj nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw uas muaj dej cawv ntawm cov toj roob hauv pes-Khorasan, hauv Suleymanov thiab Paropamiza Toj siab. Cov theem saum toj no yog cov thawj ntawm thickets ntawm kev fab thiab zoo nkauj alpine meadows.

Ntiaj teb cov tsiaj

Iranian plateau hauv nws cov fauna muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm Mediterranean, thiab cov cheeb tsam uas nyob sib ze: South Asia thiab Africa.

Nyob rau sab qaum teb, qee tus neeg sawv cev ntawm Central Esxias fauna kuj nyob. Ntxiv nrog rau cov neeg uas nyob rau sab qaum teb forests li roe mos lwj thiab xim av, muaj cov tsiaj txhu ntawm cov tropics ntawm no - leopards thiab tsov. Cov neeg nyob hauv npoo thiab cov hav zoov qus nyob hauv cov thawv ntoo.
Nyob sab hauv ntawm lub Highlands, nws nras nyob yaj thiab roob tshis, antelopes gazelles, qus miv, jackals thiab ntau yam nas. Nyob rau yav qab teb thaj av muaj mongooses thiab gazelles.

Cov noog loj heev pom lawv cov chaw nyob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov pas dej thiab cov dej thia dej thiab cov khis nyhia: ducks, geese, flamingos, seagulls. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub forests koj muaj peev xwm tau ntsib pheasants, nyob rau hauv ntau qhib suab chaw - jay, hazel thiab ib co predatory noog.

Nyob rau hauv xaus txog tej teeb meem ntawm highland territories

Zoo siv thaj tsam ntawm tag nrho muaj mob los ntawm kev tsis muaj dej. Tsuas yog ob peb seem yog muab los ntawm nws. Tus dej ntws yog sib sib zog nqus, ntws mus hauv hiav txwv Caspian, khiav hauv sab qaum teb. Cov dej hauv cov dej hiav txwv nyob rau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Iranian Plateau tsis muaj qhov tam sim no thiab tau ntxiv rau dej thaum lub sij hawm rained los yog downpours.

Ib txhia ntawm cov dej ntws nyob rau hauv lawv lub sab saud muaj qhov dej tsis tu ncua, thiab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab thiab qis dua lawv mus qhuav rau ib lub sijhawm ntev. Ob peb cov dej me me ntws mus rau hauv cov hav dej (Oman thiab Persian). Feem ntau ntawm cov dej ntws ntawm qhov dej hiav txwv (nrog rau qhov loj tshaj plaws, Helmand, qhov ntev ntev li 1000 km) yog hais txog lub cub tawg ntawm cov dej ntws, lawv khiav mus rau hauv pas dej hauv pas dej los yog xaus rau hauv solonchaks los yog swamps ntawm Plains. Lawv lub luag haujlwm tsis zoo: lawv tsis yog navigational, lawv ua haujlwm tsis muaj zog.

Cov watercourses no yog siv rau cov dej. Raws cov dej ntws, zoo li hauv thaj av thaum dej tau tuaj tawm ntawm cov roob, zoo nkauj oases ntsuab.