Isoamylalcohol

Tswj monohydric cawv, ib tug ntawm lub yim isomers ntawm pentanol, - nws isoamyl haus cawv (tshuaj mis - C5H11OH, muaj kuab - (CH3) 2CHCH2CH2OH, thiab empirical - C5H12O). Lub systematic lub npe ntawm lub substance - 3-methylbutanol-1. Lwm yam common npe - isopentanol (Isopentanol) thiab izobutilkarbinol (Isobutylcarbinol).

Haus dej cawv hniav puas loj sib npaug 88,148 g / mol. Nyob rau hauv tsos nws yog tsis kaj siab tsw, ntshiab, tsis muaj kob kua uas yog sib zog tshaj dej. Lub ceev ntawm qhov kev ntshiab tshuaj nyob rau hauv 20 ° C - 0,8104 g / cm³. Isopentanol melts ntawm ib tug kub ntawm Rho tawm 117,2 ° C ntxiv boiling ntawm 131,1 ° C. Isoamyl cawv yog ib tug ntawm peb cov isomers ntawm amyl cawv, uas yog me ntsis zoo dua tus so yog dej soluble. Nws solubility nyob rau hauv dej yog 28 g / l. Tov nrog acetone, diethyl ether, ethanol, benzene, chloroform, acetic acid (glacial). Dynamic viscosity cawv yog 3.692 mPa • s. Isopentanol yog ib tug hluav taws kev ruaj tshuaj (qhov no flammable kua). Nws heev txwv 1,2-9%, flash point - 42 ° C ntxiv, autoignition - ntxiv 350 ° C.

Isopentanol yog lub ntsiab tivthaiv ntawm fusel roj (nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua ethanol), thiab los ntawm cov uas nws yog npaj. Haus dej cawv ntau lawm txheej txheem muaj nyob rau hauv cua sov rau cov raw khoom rau tshem tawm lub teeb xaus (thawj azeotrope distilled ethanol-dej, ces nrog ua kub-butanol twb distilled tawm rau azeotrope dej). Ntxiv cua kub nyob rau hauv ib tug evaporator tso cai rau kom faib isoamyl cawv, thiab tshuav hnyav residue yog xa mus rau nkim. By hloov tus txheej txheem tsis (kub, thiab lwm yam) tej tshuaj zoo tshaj ntawm cov khoom muag kawg. Cov isopentanol nrog ib tug loj feem ntawm 3-methylbutanol-1 mus rau 99,0% (GOST 5830-79) los yog 80% (TU 2421-004-20992222-98).

Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib lub hauv paus, uas yog siv raws li sulfuric acid, isoamyl cawv reacts nrog glacial acetic acid. Cov kab zauv yuav sau nyob rau hauv cov nram no daim ntawv: C5H11OH + CH3COOH → C7H14O2 + H2O. Qhov no cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj ob lub npe: Fischer cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los yog esterification cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov no muaj ester (isoamyl acetate) thiab dej. Lub acidic ion pauv cob yuav siv tau raws li catalyst es tsis txhob ntawm sulfuric acid. Isoamyl acetate yog ib tug dag tsw, uas yog siv los ua zaub mov saj ntawm txiv tsawb. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib tug hnyav rau nitrocellulose lacquers ib co kev siv (pheromones) nyiam loj pawg ntawm muv rau ib tug me me rau thaj tsam. Los ntawm khaus tsw qab thiab tsawg toxicity, isoamyl acetate yog siv los mus ntsuam xyuas cov hauj lwm zoo ntawm respirators los yog qhov ncauj qhov ntswg.

Isoamyl cawv yog ib tug yeeb tshuaj, nws yog lom. Nws vapors yog irritating mus rau lub txheej nyias nyias ntawm lub pa ib ntsuj av tau, yuav ua hnoos thiab dyspnea. Nws yog teeb meem yog tias nqos tau los yog nqus tau pa. Tej zaum ua rau central lub paj hlwb kev nyuaj siab. Rau feem ntau feem raug kev txom nyem los ntawm dej cawv lom lub hauv paus poob siab system, lub ntsws, ob lub qhov muag, daim tawv nqaij. Ntev los yog pheej rov qab ua kev sib cuag nrog nws ua rau yus daim tawv nqaij dryness thiab degreasing. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm haus tshwm sim hnyuv voos nrog xeev siab, ntuav thiab raws plab. Ntaus nws nyob rau hauv lub ntsws ua tshuaj pneumonitis nrog neeg tuag taus tshwm sim. Narcotic nyhuv muaj tshwm sim nrog cov tsos mob ntawm mob taub hau, tsis muaj zog, kiv taub hau, tsis nco qab. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, tus neeg yuav poob mus rau hauv ib tug coma.

Yog hais tias isoamyl cawv tau txais mus rau hauv koj ob lub qhov muag, lawv yog ib tug ntev lub sij hawm (yam tsawg kawg 15 feeb), ntxuav nrog dej kom ntau thiab nrhiav kev pab kho mob. Thaum nws nkag mus rau hauv daim tawv nqaij, cov feem kuj ntxuav nrog dej. Hle kab mob khaub ncaws thiab khau. Yog hais tias voos tsim thiab tsawv, ces nrhiav kev kho mob. Ris tsho ua ntej rov qab siv lub tas lwv. Yog hais tias nqos, tau kev pab kho mob tam sim ntawd. Tsis txhob ntxias ntuav tshwj tsis yog tias qhia kom ua li ntawd los ntawm kev kho mob cov neeg ua. Ib tug tsis nco qab tus neeg, yeej tsis muab dab tsi los ntawm lub qhov ncauj. Yog tseem muaj ntuav lawm, muab tus neeg lean rau pem hauv ntej. Yog hais tias lom officers isoamyl cawv rau tus neeg mob coj mus rau huab cua ntshiab. Yog hais tias nws tsis ua pa, lub CPR. Yog hais tias ua tsis taus pa yog nyuaj muab oxygen. Kev pab kho mob yuav tsum tau! Tus kws kho mob prescribes yog symptomatic thiab txhawb kev kho mob.