Ivan Melezh: Lub neej thiab ua hauj lwm

Ivan Melezh - Belarusian txawj sau ntawv thiab essayist, khiav ntawm ntau zajlus khoom plig, ib tug tswv cuab ntawm hostilities nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II. Nyob rau ntawm ib lub sij hawm, nws tau qhia rau cov ob kev txiav txim. Tom qab nws tuag sab laug mus rau xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ib tug kuj zoo kawg txawj cuab yeej cuab tam.

Ivan Melezh: biography

Nws yog ib tug tsis tshua muaj neeg coj tus txiv neej, nws tus kheej-meej pem. Nws paub thiab hlub mloog mus rau lub interlocutor, tsis daring mus cuam tshuam nws, Txawm tias thaum nws yog heev tsis ncaj ncees lawm. Nws tus kheej Ivan Pavlovich hais tias ntsiag to, discreetly, soberly, raws li yog hais uas txhua txhua lo lus, txhua txhua thought. Thiab nws yog tseeb hais tias nws paub qhov tseeb tus nqi ntawm cov lo lus.

Ivan Melezh yug Lub ob hlis ntuj 8, 1921 nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Glinische Khoyniki koog tsev kawm ntawv, nyob rau hauv lub heev depths ntawm lub Belarusian Polesie. Los yeej muaj, ntawm lub depths ntawm tib neeg lub, tuaj tawm thiab mus rau kev sau ntawv tsis txawj tuag thiab muaj nqi heev ntawm Ivan Pavlovich: nws yog muaj hais tias nws kawm cov cim, kev ua kwvyees tib neeg co uas muaj ntsis, tus cwj pwm, cim ... Lub zos no muaj kev thaj yeeb thiab kev lub neej, lawv tsev neeg thiab ua tsov ua rog, txoj hmoo ntawm cov neeg tib neeg thiab cov neeg nyob rau hauv kev thaum lub sij hawm ib tug loj heev, txoj sia, kev soj ntsuam - cov no twb lub ntsiab tswv yim ntawm cov sib sib zog nqus, talented thiab cim kev tshawb fawb Melezh txawj sau ntawv, Melezh creator. Hnyav thiab siab phem kev ntsuam xyuas thiab muaj tej Ivan Melezh ... Tam sim ntawd tom qab qhov kawg ntawm lub kaum-xyoo lub zos 17-xyoo-laus tub raug caw mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Khoiniki regional Komsomol pawg neeg. Cov nram qab no xyoo, 1939, John nkag mus rau hauv tsis tshua muaj neeg prestigious lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab - Moscow lub koom haum ntawm History, Philosophy thiab Literature. Tom qab ntawd nws pib hais lus nyob rau hauv xovxwm nrog cov kwv huam. Ib qho ntawm thawj ntawm lawv yog cov paj huam "teb koj chaw", luam tawm nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj 1939 nyob rau hauv lub "liab ua haujlwm". Nws ciali tuaj ces nthuav, nplua nuj thiab tag nrho ntawm cov txheej xwm! Tab sis txoj hmoo tau txiav txim siab tsis ... Twb los ntawm tus thawj xyoo ntawm lub Moscow lub koom haum Melezh nais tau sau tseg rau hauv lub Red Army nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1940 nws tau txais ib tug kev cai raus dej ntawm hluav taws - muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub liberation ntawm Northern Bukovina.

Nyob rau hauv lub Soviet pab tub rog

Txij li thaum lub hnub thaum ntxov ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II - nws yog nyob rau pem hauv ntej. Fights nrog lossis loj, irreparable poob ntawm cov tub rog cov phooj ywg nyob ze Uman, Nikolayev, Rostov-on-Don, tus txiv neej-qhov. Tus yeeb ncuab mos txwv tsis dhau thiab los ntawm Ivan nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj 1942, nws yog heev raug mob. Kev kho mob nyob rau hauv lub tsev kho mob nyob rau hauv Tbilisi, thiab cov Commission paub nws "unfit rau cov tub rog kev pab cuam."

Lub neej tom qab raug mob

Ivan Melezh raws kev coj kom lub tsheb ntawm cov thawj nyob rau hauv Buguruslan, ces - nyob rau hauv Moldova, qhov uas nws qhia kawm tub rog nyob rau pedagogical lub koom haum. Sab sab tab sis haib lub cev, tus ntsuj plig thiab cov ua cim ntawm cov hluas txiv neej tshaib plab rau kev txawj ntse, thiab koob hmoov thaum kawg luag rau nws: nyob rau hauv 1943 Ivan pauv mus rau lub Belarusian State University, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv Moscow ces Gangway chaw nres tsheb. Ua hauj lwm nrog cov tib qhia ntawm cov tub rog kev cob qhia, nws combines nrog nws cov kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv cov xov xwm department ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm Philology ntawm BSU, tom qab pauv mus rau lub tsev kho mob thiab nyob rau hauv lub liberated Minsk yuav tau txais ib daim ntawv kawm tiav qib siab txoj kev kawm ntawv. Nqhis dej rau kev txawj ntse, tab sis, tsis ploj zuj zus mus: Melezh Ivan Pavlovich nkag mus hauv lub kawm tiav lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab pib qhia lawv haiv neeg Belarusian ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv tib lub qhov chaw, nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv. Tom qab ntawd nws ua tus thawj loj daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv prose - nws zaj dabneeg luv luv thiab novels, tsab ntawv thiab sketches.

creation

Ivan luam Melezh pib nyob rau hauv 1939, thaum nws thawj thawj zaj paj huam twb luam tawm. Tom qab thawj zaug kev raug mob, thaum nyob rau hauv Tbilisi tsev kho mob, pib sau prose, thiab tam sim ntawd tom qab tsov rog, nws tso nws tus thawj sau los ntawm dab neeg luv luv thiab sim nws txhais tes rau ua yeeb yam. Thawj prose ua hauj lwm Ivana Melezha luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1943.

Txawm tias thaum nws lub neej (thiab nyob Melezh, hmoov tsis, yog li ob peb - tsuas 55 xyoo) Nws tej hauj lwm tau muaj npe ib tug xws li "high" thiab, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, luv luv-yuav tsum tau txais lawv - ib tug classic! "Polesye chronicle" Ivan Pavlovich muab tso rau hauv ib tug par nrog lub "ntsiag to Don" Mihaila Sholohova, thiab ib tug neeg saum toj no.

"Polesye chronicle"

"Polesye chronicle" - ib tug loj-scale ua hauj lwm, uas siab reflected ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab cov tshuaj ntsiab lus ntawm Belarusian ntaub ntawv - cov neeg pluag. Ivan Pavlovich twb tau mus qhia rau cov txawj nyeem ntawv rau cov cua thiab ntsuj plig ntawm lub 20-ies ntawm XX caug xyoo - lub sij hawm nws yog nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm peb teb koj chaw raws li ib tug evolutionary hloov tshiab, thiab contradictory, tragic. Lub tsuas hlub yog hais tias ib tug thib peb ntawm cov novels "Polesye chronicle" - "snowstorm, Hlis ntuj nqeg" - tseem tsis tiav ...

Thawj ob qhov chaw ntawm "Polesye chronicle" - novels "Cov neeg nyob rau hauv cov hav iav" thiab "cua daj cua dub cua" - twb muab tsub lub siab tshaj plaws Soviet txawj puav pheej - lub Lenin nqi zog. Ivan Melezh twb tseem muab tsub lub title ntawm neeg lub kws sau phau Belarus, laureate ntawm lub xeev nqi zog ntawm lub USSR thiab cov Byelorussian SSR, twb muab ob peb kev txiav txim thiab medals. Nws twb raug xaiv ib tug deputy ntawm lub Supreme Soviet, yog tus nom ntawm lub Belarusian kev sib haum xeeb Committee, ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev sib haum xeeb Council.

"Cov neeg nyob rau hauv cov hav iav"

Ivan Melezh "Cov neeg nyob rau hauv cov hav iav" - ib tug tshiab nyob rau hauv lub trilogy nkag mus hauv "Polesye chronicle" thiab khwv tau nws thoob ntiaj teb lub koob meej thiab paub. Pheej ua hauj lwm yog txhais mus ua lwm yam lus thiab yog suav hais tias yog tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Ivan Melezh.

Nyob rau hauv lub center ntawm zaj dab neeg - yooj yim peasants, uas nyob ntawm lub Belarusian zos. Tus sau piav qhia txog lub sij hawm ntawm lub tsev lag luam ntawm Soviet lub hwj chim. Keeb xeeb xeeb raws li ib tug tshiab, lyrical, thiab muaj tiag tiag yog ib tug teeb meem ntawm kev hlub - txoj kev hlub zaj dab neeg txog lub ntsiab cim. Tawm tsam tom qab ntawm kev sib raug zoo Vasiliya Dyatlika thiab Anna ringlets Ivan Melezh qhia txog lub neej ntawm lub peasants nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm nyuaj, piav txog nyob rau hauv kom meej lub lis kev cai thiab kev cai ntawm lub Belarusians. Roman pheej cia thiab muab tso rau hauv theem.

"Nag xob nag pa"

Tus nyeem ntawv muaj cuab kav nrog ob ib feem ntawm lub "Polesye chronicle", qhov twg nws yuav ntsib nrog paub cim - Basil Dyatlikom, Anna Chernushka, Filemaus, "ib tug Bolshevik nrog ib tug tib neeg lub ntsej muag" aleukia. Tus kws sau ntawv tseem los tsim ib zaj dab neeg uas yuav tsum tau hu ua ib tug dabneeg ntawm Polesie. Qhov chaw twb tsim Melezh ntiaj teb no yog tseem nyob rau ntawm me me lub zos txiav tawm los ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Basil thiab Anna tseem hlub txhua lwm yam tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi. Tab sis tsis txhob tawm Basil tus npau suav ntawm ib tug cog lus rau av ...

"Minsk kev taw qhia"

Nyob rau hauv 1947-1952 gg. Ivan Pavlovich Melezh sau tus tshiab "Minsk kev taw qhia," uas tsom qhov kev tso tawm ntawm Belarusian tub rog ntawm lub Red Army thiab cov guerrillas nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis-Lub Xya hli ntuj 1944, yog nplooj siab mus Roman theem kawg ntawm lub Great Patriotic War -. Lub liberation ntawm Belarus los ntawm Nazi invaders sau nyiag qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov xim qhia cov sib ntaus sib tua rau teb :. nyob rau hauv txoj kev, thiab tom qab tus yeeb ncuab kab nyob rau hauv lub tshiab txawj sau ntawv tab xim ib tug gallery ntawm cov dluab, npaj txhij yuav fij lawv tus kheej lub neej rau lub hom phiaj ntawm ib tug dawb lub neej.

Dab neeg Ivan Melezh muab nws kev tsis txawj tuag. Nws lub npe yog muab rau txoj kev nyob rau hauv ob peb txoj kev Belarus. Lub npe cov kws ntawv muab rau lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv nws cov haiv neeg teb chaws, lub tsev qiv ntawv thiab cov chav xyaum tes taw ntawm Gomel. Txij li thaum 1980, lub Writers 'Union ntawm BSSR puav pheej ib tug txawj nqi zog muaj npe tom qab Ivan Melezh.