Jazz: uas yog, dab tsi coj, uas ua

Lub hauv paus pib ntawm niaj hnub jazz rooted nyob rau hauv lub African suab paj nruas kab lis kev cai. Tom qab Hristofor Kolumb sab ib tug tshiab av loj thiab lub Europeans tsawm muaj, mus rau lub shores ntawm America yog nce raws li lub nkoj uas traffickers.

Iznuronnye zog ua hauj lwm, homesickness thiab kev txom nyem los ntawm mob kev sib raug zoo tub ceev xwm, qhev pom solace nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag. Maj mam txawv txawv melodies thiab rhythms xav nyob rau hauv lub Americans thiab Europeans. Yog li ntawd, yog jazz. Yuav ua li cas jazz yog, thiab yog dab tsi nws tus yam ntxwv, peb xav txog nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

Nta suab paj nruas coj

Nws yog hais txog mus rau lub jazz suab paj nruag ntawm African-American, uas yog raws li - improvisation (viav vias) thiab ib tug tshwj xeeb zoo qauv (syncope). Tsis zoo li lwm qhov chaw, qhov chaw uas ib tug neeg sau cov suab paj nruag, thiab lwm yam ua, jazz musicians ua kev composers.

Suab paj nruag yog tsim nthawv sau ntawv sij hawm, sib cais los ntawm ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus luv ntawm tiav lub sij hawm. Thaum nws puv jazz. Yuav ua li cas yog improvisation orchestra? Qhov no muaj peev xwm ntawm musicians kom hloov mus rau txhua lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, txhua improvises nws tus kheej.

Tau ntawm txawj sau ntawv raug fwm nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruas cim (T. Kouler, Arlene G. "Kuv zoo siab tag nrho lub hnub," Ellington D. "Tsis txhob koj paub hais tias kuv hlub?", Etc.).

Thaum lub sij hawm, African music tsim nrog cov nyob sab Europe. Nyob melodies uas muab yas, atherosclerosis, suab paj nruag thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub suab (CHEATHAM Doc, nyuaj siab vim hauv kuv lub plawv, Carter James, Centerpiece, etc.).

qhia

Faib ntau tshaj peb caug qhov chaw ntawm jazz. Xav txog tej ntawm lawv.

1. Kev nyuaj siab vim. Nyob rau hauv lus Askiv lo lus txhais tau tias "kev tu siab", "melancholy". Keeb nws hu ua tus nyuaj siab vim solo lyric song dub. Jazz-kev nyuaj siab vim - nws dvenadtsatitaktovy lub sij hawm coj trohstrochnoy poetic daim ntawv. Kev nyuaj siab vim compositions ua nyob rau ntawm ib tug qeeb pace, nyob rau hauv cov ntawv yuav tsum havzoov tej innuendo. Notable performers ntawm kev nyuaj siab vim - Gertrude Ma Rainey, Bessie Smith, thiab lwm tus neeg.

2. Ragtime. Lub literal translation ntawm lub npe ntawm cov style - nraus neej yav tom ntej. Nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm cov suab paj nruas hauv cov nqe lus "reg" txhais tau tias suab ntau tact ntawm lobes. Kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States, tom qab lub hiav txwv nqa tam sim ntawd tus tej hauj lwm ntawm Schubert, Chopin thiab Liszt. Suab paj nruag los European composers ua nyob rau hauv ib tug jazz style. Tom qab ntawd, muaj thawj compositions. Ragtime raug muaj tswv yim Joplin S., D. Scott, D. Me Nyuam Yaj et al.

3. Boogie. Cov style sawv nyob rau hauv lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua thaum ntxov. Cov tswv ntawm pheej yig cafes yuav tsum tau lub musicians mus ua si jazz. Yuav ua li cas yog lub suab paj nruas accompaniment presupposes lub hav zoov ntawm cov orchestra, nws mus tsis tau hais, tab sis yuav caw ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm musicians twb kim heev. Lub suab sib txawv ntawm cov seev offset pianists, tsim heev heev zoo compositions. Boogie nta:

• improvisation;
• virtuoso txheej txheem;
• tshwj xeeb accompaniment rau sab laug tes ua ostinantnuyu lub cev muaj zog configuration, lub luv ntawm lub ntses bass thaj tsam thiab suab paj nruag - ob los yog peb octaves;
• nruam atherosclerosis;
• pedal kos.

Boogie ua si Romeo Nelson, Arthur Montana Taylor, Charles Avery li al.

Legends ntawm style

Jazz yog nrov nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Txhua qhov txhia chaw muaj cov hnub qub uas nyob ib ncig ntawm ib pab tub rog ntawm cov kiv cua, tab sis ib txhia npe ua ib tug dab neeg. Lawv paub thiab hlub ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Cov musicians, nyob rau hauv particular, koom Louis Armstrong.

Nws yog tsis paub dab tsi yuav tau txoj hmoo ntawm ib tug me nyuam tub los ntawm ib tug neeg txom nyem Negro quarter, yog tias Louis tsis tau txais mus rau hauv tsev rau txim camps. Ntawm no, yav tom ntej lub hnub qub kaw nyob rau hauv lub dag band, txawm li cas los, pab neeg no yog tsis ua si jazz. Yuav ua li cas yog lub kev nyuaj siab vim, thiab yuav ua li cas mus hu nkauj, tus tub hluas nrhiav tau ntau npaum li cas tom qab ntawd. Armstrong tau thoob ntiaj teb koob meej ua tsaug rau lub dag zog thiab kev rau siab.

Founder ntawm tus jazz hu nkauj xav tias Billie Nyiaj so koobtsheej (lub npe tiag tiag Eleonora Fagan). Ncov muaj koob meej ntawm tus singer mus txog lub 50-ies ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, thaum ib tug scene hloov nightclubs nyob rau theem.

Nyuaj lub neej hloov zuj zuj thiab tuav tseg ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm peb octaves Elly Fitsdzherald. Tom qab nws niam tuag, nws tau khiav tawm hauv tsev mus thiab khaws cia tsis dhau dlej txoj kev ua neej. Pib ntawm tus singer cov hom hauj lwm yog ib tug ua tau zoo ntawm ib suab paj nruas contest Amateur Nights.

Ntiaj teb nto moo yog Dzhordzh Gershvin. Lub composer tsim lub jazz compositions raws li classical music. Cov cia li yam ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntxim cov neeg tuaj saib thiab lug txhawb cov miv. Concerts tau tsis nrog xyiv fab. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm ntawm G. Gershwin - "Rhapsody nyob rau hauv xiav" (co-authored nrog Fredom Grofom), cov opera "Porgy thiab Bess", "Ib tug neeg American nyob rau hauv Paris."

Tsis tas li ntawd nrov jazz ntxias tau thiab tseem yog Dzhenis Dzhoplin, Rey Charlz, Sarah Vaughan, Mayls Devis, thiab lwm tus neeg.

Jazz nyob rau hauv lub USSR

Lub rov tshwm sim ntawm no cov suab paj nruas nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union vim lub npe ntawm tus kws sau paj lug, txhais lus thiab ua yeeb yam-goer Valentina Parnaha. Tus thawj kev hais kwv txhiaj ntawm jazz band coj los virtuoso coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv 1922. Tom qab ntawd Tsfasman, L. Utesov, J. Skomorovsky zoo li tus kev taw qhia ntawm theatrical jazz, sib txuas instrumental kev ua tau zoo thiab operetta. E. Rosner ua npaum li cas rau popularize jazz music Varlamov, A. Lundstrom.

Nyob rau hauv lub 40 xyoo ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, jazz tau lug criticized raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm bourgeois kab lis kev cai. Nyob rau hauv lub 50-60-ies ntawm cov kev tawm tsam nyob rau hauv lub ua yeeb nres. Jazz bands tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub RSFSR thiab lwm yam Soviet republics.

Niaj hnub no jazz seamlessly tseg rau kev hais kwv txhiaj theem thiab nyob rau hauv pab pawg.