Keeb kwm portrait Ivana Kality, Tub Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Moscow

Ivan Danilovich yug nyob ib ncig ntawm 1280, nws nyob rau txog 60 xyoo, thaum lub sij hawm uas zoo heev nyob rau hauv cov nom tswv arena, muaj mas yuav kis tau thaum lub sij hawm lub hwj huam loj thiab muaj zog. Rau lawv wealth thiab qhov kev pab rau cov neeg pluag yog nicknamed Kalita - "nyiaj hnab".

Keeb kwm portrait Ivana Kality piav nws raws li ib tug ua yog toog pom thiab astute politician, ib tug bold warrior thiab ib tug zoo tswv. Nws yog nws leej twg muab lub hauv paus rau txoj kev vam meej ntawm Lavxias teb sab av, taws los ntawm cov Moscow nqi zog.

thaum ntxov xyoo

Ivan kuv - tus tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm tus naas ej Aleksandra Nevskogo, tus yau tus tub ntawm Daniel Alexandrovich, Tub Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Moscow. Hais txog nws thaum yau thiab hluas yog tsis paub. Tus thawj mention ntawm Ivan ua nyob rau hauv lub annals ntawm Novgorod lub Great thiab hais txog 1296, thaum cov tub ntxhais huabtais los ua tswv xeev ntawm lub nroog ntawm nws tus txiv lub siab nyiam.

Ib tug ob peb xyoos tom qab nws tus txiv tsa nws los kav Pereslavl-Zaleski. Qhov no lub sij hawm yog lub npe hu tsuas yog hais tias nyob rau hauv 1304 Pereyaslavl rov Tver tswv Akinfiev. Ivan defended lub nroog rau thawj lub sij hawm tshaj tawm nws tus kheej raws li ib tug zoo kawg nkaus commander. Tom qab winning credibility muaj ntau zog considerably.

Tom qab nws txiv tuag nyob rau hauv 1303 nyob rau Moscow zwm txwv zaum tus hlob tus tub Yuri Danilovich, uas kav mus txog rau thaum 1325. Tsim ib tug keeb kwm portrait Ivana Kality, ib tug yuav tsis nco qab txog tias thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm nws tus tij laug, nws yog nws ncaj ncees tus khub, yeej tsis ntxeev siab rau thiab wove intrigues tawm tsam nws. Yuri Ivan kiag li los cia siab rau, ntsiag to tshuav nws nametnikom thaum lub sij hawm nws tsis tuaj kawm ntawv. Tej kev sib raug zoo yog tsuas yog rau cov sij hawm thaum tuaj rau lub hwj chim los ntawm bloodshed thiab fratricide.

Keeb kwm portrait Ivana Kality li tus tub huabtais ntawm Moscow

Yuri ua ib tug neeg tuag taus yuam kev thaum twg, nyob rau hauv 1321, sau tribute los ntawm Lavxias teb sab teb chaws, es coj nws Golden Horde Khan, muab tso rau hauv kev, xav mus khwv tau ntxiv cov nyiaj khwv. Uzbek Khan twb hais txog nws, nws chim heev thiab deprived tus neeg ua txhaum txoj cai ntawm lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib. Nyob rau hauv 1325, Yuri tau mus rau lub horde nrog ib tug kev thov kom rov qab mus nws mus rau lub daim ntawv lo rau lub rooj tsavxwm, tab sis twb hacked rau tuag. Uzbek Khan tsa Duke of Moscow Ivan Danilovich.

Yog ntau tshaj 20 xyoo ntawm lub sab tes xis ntawm Yuri Danilovich, Ivan Kuv twb paub tag nrho cov nqi zog Affairs. Nws reign, nws pib nrog ib tug npaj txhij txog txav - tsiv mus rau Moscow department ntawm Metropolitan Peter, ib zog los mus ua kom Moscow sab ntsuj plig chaw ntawm Russia. Tom qab tub huabtais zhetoko sai sai thiab hais txog nrog cov tub sab, uas lossi rog tau lub tub txawj tub ntse. Muaj kev nyab xeeb luam kev sai mus rau revive lub lag luam. Nyob rau hauv Moscow, pib ntws nyiaj. Nws depicts ib tug keeb kwm portrait Ivana Kality raws li ib tug heev ntse politician.

Nyob rau hauv 1327 muaj ib lub uprising nyob rau hauv Tver, nyob rau hauv uas raug tua los ntawm cov Horde ambassador Chol Khan. Angered los ntawm Uzbek Khan suppressed lub uprising, nyob rau hauv uas nws twb pab Ivan Kalita. Nyob rau hauv ris txiaj rau tus loyalty Khan muab nws lub daim ntawv lo rau lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib ntawm Kostroma thiab Novgorod. Ivan, siv qhov chaw Uzbeks thov nws tso cai rau sau tribute los ntawm Lavxias teb sab teb chaws thiab coj nws mus rau lub horde. Khan pom zoo, thiab txij thaum ntawd los cov Tartars tsis tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub khoom ntiag Kalita. Tub huabtais rau 40 xyoo tau muab kev thaj yeeb ntawm lub hlwb ntawm lawv pawg neeg thaj av.

Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv tsis muaj sij hawm, None Ivan Kalita ua Muscovy sab ntsuj plig chaw ntawm Russia, muab cov ntaub ntawv uas txoj kev vam meej thiab kev ruaj ntseg.

Chronology kev ua ub no

Keeb kwm portrait Ivana Kality pab tsim chorology ntawm nws lub neej:

• 1331 - sib yuav tus tub ntawm Simeon rau lub Lithuanian ntxhais fuabtais, concluding li lub cev tsis kho kev sib haum xeeb nrog Lithuania;
• 1336 - Repulsed lub nres rau ntawm lub Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas lub Novgorod pawg neeg thaj av, tau txais lub title ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Novgorod;
• 1338 - pib ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm lub Monastery ntawm lub Trinity;
• 1340 - ib tug tua rau Smolensk, uas twb tsis kam mus them tribute mus rau lub Horde, los tiv thaiv cov Moscow Kremlin ua tau ntawm ntoo qhib.

Av thiab kev cai txoj cai

Ivan Kalita, lub reign yog cim los ntawm cov strengthening ntawm lub chaw ntawm cov Muscovy koom los ntawm sib yuav ntawm lawv decherey Beloozero, Galich thiab Uglich, yuav los yog pauv lawm 50 lwm tus lub zos thiab koom nyob ze Kostroma, Rostov, Vladimir, ntawm tus ntug dej ntawm lub Kirzhach dej thiab MSTA, nyob rau hauv lub Novgorod av, muab tag nrho nws cov deputies. Hwj Chim ntawm lub None ntawm Moscow muaj ntau zog incredibly. Tab sis nws yeej tsis pom nws mus rau lub Horde Khan, kom thaj yeeb nyab xeeb thiab nyob ntsiag to ntawm Lavxias teb sab pawg neeg thaj av.

Thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Ivan Kalita ua lub koom txoos thiab cathedrals. Nws xub ua ib tug kev cai lij choj ntawm succession, raws li uas tus txiv ntawm lub hwj chim dhau rau tus hlob tus tub. Qhov no tau pab mus rau tshem tawm ntawm lub ntsoog loj heev mezhduusobits.