Fine kos duab rau ntawm ancient Rome. Nta ntawm lub kab lis kev cai ntawm ancient Rome

Raws li ancient kev lig kev cai, Rome yog tsim los pab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab 8 xyoo pua BC. e. Cov kab lis kev cai ntawm lub Roman faj tim teb chaws, uas yog xam tau tias yog ib qho ntawm feem influential nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm antiquity, tau muaj tej yam loj loj nyob rau hauv European civilization. Thiab qhov no txawm lub fact tias lub paintings thiab sculptures ntawm ancient Rome raws li nyob rau hauv Greek motifs, thiab ua yeeb yam thiab suab paj nruag yog inextricably txuas mus rau lub Etruscan ancient lig kev cai.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Roman kos duab

Tsis zoo li lwm yam ancient haiv neeg, cov neeg Loos appropriated kos duab rau ntawm kev kawm los yog kev coj tsis ncaj cov teeb meem. Rau hauv sib piv, lub fine arts ntawm ancient Rome raug kev txom nyem hnyav utilitarian cim, raws li nws twb tau yog ib txoj kev rationally npaj lub chaw nyob. Uas yog vim li cas ib qho tseem ceeb qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm no ancient cov pej xeem ntawm lub teb chaws nyob los ntawm cov architecture. Cov kev vam meej ntawm ancient Rome tseem ntaqwm nws monumental tsev: lub koom txoos, arenas thiab palaces.

Sib nrug los ntawm lub zoo kawg li monuments ntawm architecture, kab lis kev cai ntawm lub nroog Loos nyob rau hauv antiquity yuav raug txiav txim los ntawm tus heev heev sculptures, uas yog cov portraits ntawm cov neeg uas nyob hauv lub sij hawm. Lub neej nyob rau hauv Ancient Rome yeej ib txwm raug cai, thiab nyob rau hauv ib co sij hawm ntawm sculptural portraits tsim heev dua lwm yam nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav perpetuate lub cim xeeb ntawm cov rulers los yog lub ntsej muag ntawm tib neeg nto moo. Tsuas yog tom qab ib tug thaum Roman sculptors pib txais vaj txiaj ntsim lawv cim saum los yog tshwj xeeb nta. Tseem ceeb keeb kwm cov txheej xwm ntawm lub Roman creators xaiv mus depict nyob rau hauv bas-relief.

Nws yuav tsum muab sau tseg tias cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kab lis kev cai ntawm ancient Rome yog yuav luag tiav qhaj ntawv los ntawm tej txheej xwm raws li ua yeeb yam - nyob rau hauv lub li ib txwm, raws li zoo raws li nws tus kheej mythology. Siv dluab uas tsim los ntawm lub Greeks rau ntau ntau tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab, cov neeg Loos los yog distorted cov txheej xwm nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm nws cov tub ceev xwm, los yog tsis muab tseem ceeb heev rau lawv. Qhov no tshwm sim feem ntau vim hais tias cov kos duab ntawm ancient Rome tau los ntawm cov hom ideology, uas twb alien rau cov abstract thiab philosophical pib thiab tseeb.

Yus nta ntawm Roman kos duab

Txawm tias cov pov thawj hav zoov ntawm Rome raws li ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib civilization, historians ib tug ntev lub sij hawm yuav tsis cais cov kos duab los ntawm lub ancient Greek Roman. Txawm li cas los, vim rau qhov tseeb hais tias muaj ntau tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab thiab architectural cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm ancient Rome tau raug fwm rau peb hnub, nws twb tau los txheeb xyuas cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb uas yog tshwj xeeb rau ib tug ancient Roman tej hauj lwm. Yog li ntawd, yog dab tsi tau thiab inventions ntawm ancient Rome nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm fine arts tuab nws raws li ib qho kev ywj phenomenon?

1. Architectural kev kawm tau ntawm cov neeg Loos yog ua ke nrog ntawm lub vaj tse nyob rau hauv spatial xaav thiab artistic cov ntaub ntawv. Roman architects nyiam los tsim kom tau cais cov vaj tse thiab ntaus uake nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso depressions, thiab yog hais tias muaj tsis muaj, portage chaw los ntawm me me phab ntsa.
2. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub Greek yas dluab ntawm Roman kos duab ua allegory, symbolism thiab illusory qhov chaw. Cov Roman invention tiv thaiv sculptural thiab artistic dluab pub tsis tau tsuas yog pub cim sculpted portraits tab sis kuj mural los yog mosaic duab.
3. Ancient ntxias tau tsim originated nyob rau hauv tim Nkij teb chaws easel painting, uas yog tsis yog tus nais khu nyob rau hauv lawv cov historic teb koj chaw.

Txawm tias ib tug nplua mais ntawm ilv thiab hloov maj mam nta ntawm lub qhov muag sau, muaj yog ib qhov zoo tshaj uas tso cai rau txawm lub sau los mus txiav txim ua tswv cuab ntawm sculptural los yog architectural kwv lub ancient Roman kab lis kev cai. Qhov no yog nws loj. Cov kev vam meej ntawm ancient Rome yog paub thoob ntiaj teb rau nws cov neeg pej xeem nrog vaj tse thiab saum. Lawv tus nqi yog ob peb lub sij hawm tshaj lub counterparts ntawm ancient Greece thiab lwm lub teb chaws.

periodization

Fine arts ntawm ancient Rome tsim nyob rau hauv ob peb ua sawv, uas sib tau lub sij hawm ntawm lub keeb kwm kev loj hlob ntawm lub xeev. Yog hais tias cov evolution ntawm Greek kos duab historians yog muab faib rau cov tsim (archaic), lub flowering (classics) thiab lub ntsoog (Hellenism), txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Roman kos duab acquires tshiab nta thaum lub sij hawm hloov ntawm lub imperial dynasty. Vim li ib tug tshwm sim hais tias tus socio-economic thiab ideological yam ua si ib tug siv lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev hloov lub stylistic thiab artistic cov ntaub ntawv.

Cov qib nyob rau hauv lub evolution ntawm daim duab nyob Rome yog xav tau lub sij hawm ntawm lub Roman faj tim teb chaws (7-5 xyoo pua BC. E.), Republican (5-1 xyoo pua BC. E.) Thiab cov Roman lub sij hawm (1-2 xyoo pua BC. E.). Qhov no flowering ntawm tag nrho cov kev kawm, nrog rau cov duab puab, ua yeeb yam, suab paj nruag thiab kos duab thiab crafts, tuaj nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub 1 xyoo pua BC. e. thiab txuas ntxiv mus txog rau thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm lub Roman faj tim teb chaws.

Art lub sij hawm muaj koob muaj npe

Tsim kom muaj Roman kos duab nws muaj nws keeb kwm nyob rau hauv lub xyoo lub 8 pua BC. e., thaum lub ntsiab motives nyob rau hauv lub architecture ntawm Etruscan yog txoj kev npaj vaj tse, masonry thiab kev siv cov tsev cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov no yuav pom nyob rau hauv lub tuam tsev ntawm lub Capitoline Jupiter. Painting thiab ua hniav khoom uas kuj zoo txuas mus rau lub Etruscan cov hauv paus hniav. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 7 BC. e., thaum cov neeg Loos colonized tim Nkij teb chaws, lawv los ua muaj cuab kav nrog artistic kev uas Greeks. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias lub Roman ntxias twb sim los tsim lawv tej hauj lwm raws li nyob ze rau qhov cov tseem. Historians cwj pwm no rau kev lig kev cai ua rau posthumous daim npog qhov ncauj ntawm ciab, uas yog raws nraim rov cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib tug tib neeg lub ntsej muag. Lub gods ntawm Ancient nroog Loos, lub saum uas tau nqa tawm thaum lub sij hawm lub Roman faj tim teb chaws, tau tuaj raws li zoo raws li neeg zoo tib yam.

Art lub sij hawm koom pheej

Republican sij hawm ntawm lub Roman lub xeev twb cim los ntawm qhov uas muaj qhov kawg architecture: txhua yam tsis muaj kev zam ceg (thaj thiab lub tuam tsev) mas yuav kis tau axial qauv thiab symmetry. facade ntawm lub tsev kos npe rau nws magnificently, thiab coj mus rau lub qhov rooj ntawm lub siab ntxiv (feem ntau yog pob zeb staircase). Lub zos them los ntawm thaj kev siv ntawm high-sawv vaj tse, thaum lub sij hawm zoo-tawm pejxeem tsim suburban terraced tsev dai kom zoo nkauj nrog frescoes thiab sculptures. Thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm, thaum kawg tsim xws hom vaj tse li cov ua yeeb yam ntawm Ancient nroog Loos (amphitheatre), aqueducts thiab cov txuas hniav.

Fine kos duab portrait duab puab tau raws li nyob rau hauv: cov hauj lwm thiab lwm cov. Thawj zaug nws tau txais kev pab lub hom phiaj rau perpetuate lub statesmen thiab lub thib ob muaj ua tsaug rau kev txiav txim rau qhov siv thiab ua saum thiab busts rau lub tsev nyob thiab tombs. Public tsev twb dai kom zoo nkauj nrog bas-reliefs depicting keeb kwm scenes los yog cov duab ntawm lub neej txhua hnub ntawm lub xeev. Cov ntseeg feem ntau kuj yuav pom paintings (xws li mosaics thiab frescoes), nyob rau hauv uas cov gods ntawm Ancient nroog Loos raug xwm.

Cov Roman faj tim teb chaws: lub kawg lub sij hawm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov kos duab

Lub sij hawm ntawm qhov Roman faj tim teb chaws yog pom tias yuav tsum muaj ib tug ncaj ncees lub sij hawm ntawm flowering ntawm Roman kos duab. Lub architecture yog yeej los ntawm ib tug koov, vault thiab dome. Pob zeb phab ntsa rau qhov txhia chaw yuav ntsib nrog cib los yog marble. Loj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub chaw nyob los ntawm cov hniav paintings thiab sculptures. Fine Art ntawm Ancient nroog Loos nyob rau lub sij hawm no, yog niaj tseem ceeb kev hloov. Nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov sculptural portraits tsawg mloog yog them rau ib tug neeg co uas muaj ntsis, uas tej zaum kuj saib ib tug me ntsis sketchy. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lub sculptors sim mus depict tus rapidity ntawm taw, lub siab lub ntsws lub xeev portrayed (txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub cev, txhais tes thiab ob txhais ceg, hairstyle, thiab hais txog. D.). Bas-relief duab noj panorama zoo nrog ib tug maj mam tsim zajlus.

Cov hniav painting, tsis zoo li yav dhau los lub sij hawm, nws yuav yooj yim dua vim cov kev taw qhia ntawm toj roob hauv pes architectural thiab haiv. Xim tsev siv rau murals, brighter, thiab xim ob peb ua ke - ib tug contrasting. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub xim mosaic, dav faib dub thiab dawb.

Lub nto moo tshaj plaws sculptural portraits

Roman portraits ntawm pej xeem nuj nqis, gods thiab muaj nqi heev uas hais full-size busts los yog saum. Lub earliest ancient Roman portrait yog xav tau ib tug bronze bust ntawm Junius Brutus. Nws muaj zoo tus ntawm Greek kos duab, tab sis raug Roman nta thiab ib tug me ntsis asymmetry cia lub sij hawm kom paub tseeb tias Roman sculptors twb, nyob rau hauv lub thib 3 xyoo pua BC. e., muab nws tej hauj lwm ib tug tshaj plaws ntawm realism. Dua li ntawm qhov tsis muaj kev niaj hnub metalworking hom kev kawm zoo nthuav dav ntawm lub bust txig tua pov tseg. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws qhia tau hais tias cov zoo engraving hwj txwv thiab plaub hau.

Qhov tseem tiag yog tseem xav tau ib sculptural portrait ntawm Vespasian, lub Roman tus huab tais. Master tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv qhov tsawg tshaj plaws cov ntsiab lus conveyed nws cov duab, tab sis kuj tau xov bust yam ntxwv nta. Kev mloog yog twv ob lub qhov muag sib sib zog nqus-set thiab me me, lawv radiate ib tug natural cunning thiab wit huab tais. Tab sis mas zoo kawg li yog qhov tseeb hais tias lub sculptor tau xwm thiab zoo lus (strained leeg thiab cov leeg nyob rau hauv nws lub caj dab, hla lub hauv pliaj wrinkles), kev hais lus txog lub dag lub zog thiab kev txiav txim ntawm lub xeev tus thawj coj. Tsis muaj tsawg qhia muab sculptors thiab bust ntawm moneylender Lutsiya Tsetsiliya Yukunda, siab hlob ob lub qhov muag thiab greasy cov plaub hau yog xwm nrog zoo kawg li cov neeg.

Qhov zoo monuments ntawm lub Roman era

Rau hnub tim, tsis muaj kiag li fwm tsis muaj leej twg ntawm cov vaj tse tsev nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm ancient Rome. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws thiab zoo-paub ntawm lawv yog cov Colosseum - lub arena nyob rau hauv uas lub gladiators tau tuav thiab hais lus ntawm pej xeem nuj nqis nyob rau hauv ntau ntau ntau, xws li emperors. Thaum kawg nws muaj ib tug yeeb yuj keeb kwm thiab lub tuam tsev ntawm Saturn, uas tau raug dua lawm thiab rebuilt dua. Nws tsis zoo li lub Coliseum saib tsis yooj yim sua, raws li tsuas yog ob peb kab laug los ntawm cov zoo nkauj vaj tse. Tab sis nws twb tau mus cawm lub npe nrov Pantheon, los yog lub tuam tsev ntawm tag nrho cov gods, uas yog ib tug ncaj loj tsev, crowned nrog ib tug dome.

Roman paj huam thiab lawv tej hauj lwm

Txawm tias borrowed los ntawm cov mythology ntawm lub Greeks, cov neeg Loos kuj muaj lawv tej txuj ci thiab nyob rau hauv qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov kwv huam, zaj nkauj thiab fables. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws paj huam ntawm Rome - Virgil thiab Horace. Tus thawj nto moo rau nej tau sau ib zaj paj huam "Aeneid", uas yog heev reminiscent ntawm lub "Iliad" ntawm Homer. Dua li ntawm qhov tsawg qhia poetic thiab artistic tivthaiv, qhov no zaj paj huam yog tseem xam tau tias yog tus txheej txheem ntawm cov haiv neeg Latin lus. Horace, on qhov tsis tooj, muaj zoo tswv yim qhia, li ntawd, yog lub tsev hais plaub kws sau paj lug, thiab kab ntawm nws cov kwv huam thiab cov nkauj tseem yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm ntau sau.

ua yeeb yam

Theatre ntawm Ancient nroog Loos yog Ameslikas ris me ntsis resemblance li cas peb xav txog niaj hnub no raws li xws li. Yuav luag tag nrho cov ua yeeb yam yog nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv nyeem sib txeeb ntawm paj huam thiab musicians. Tsuas yog qee Roman kos duab lovers yuav txaus siab rau ib tug kev ua si ntawm lam, nrog los ntawm ib tug loj hu nkauj ua ke. Feem ntau, viewers tau qhia circus, ua yeeb yam, tsis tham lus thiab solo los yog pab pawg neeg seev cev. Ib tug txawv feature ntawm lub Roman theatre kawm troupes yog heev heev. Nrog hais txog qhov no rau cov neeg tuaj saib hais tias lawv yog cov tsawg tshaj lub lam.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias costumes thiab ua-up twb tsis tau hmoog. Tsuas yog tej zaum, ua si lub luag hauj lwm ntawm huab tais los yog ib tug tseem ceeb tus neeg nyob rau hauv lub xeev, lam hnav khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv ib tug lush liab xim cov khaub ncaws. Lub repertoire muaj mas tej hauj lwm ntawm Roman paj huam Horace, Virgil thiab Ovid. Feem ntau unhurried dab neeg thiab hu nkauj nyob rau hauv theaters tau zoo ntshav gladiator fights, uas cov neeg tuaj saib tuaj nrog tsis muaj tsawg Library.

Music thiab seev suab paj nruas

Music ntawm Ancient nroog Loos hloov zuj zuj ntawm nws tus kheej los ntawm ib tug ancient Greek. Thaum lub sij hawm rau pej xeem cov txheej xwm thiab ua yeeb yam ntawm cov feem ntau nrov seev suab paj nruas, muaj peev xwm ntawm ua ib tug heev nrov nrov suab ntawm cov kav dej, tshuab raj thiab cov zoo li. Txawm li cas los, feem ntau thaum lub sij hawm tua ntawm nyiam stringed seev: timpani, harp, cittern. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias lub suab paj nruag nqa deb txhua yam, nrog rau cov Roman emperors. Nyob rau ntawm cov musicians thiab tus neeg hu nkauj yog cov neeg uas perpetuate nyob rau hauv cov duab puab. Great chaw thiab kev hlub ntawm lub Roman cov neeg nyob rau lub sij hawm siv los ntawm tus neeg hu nkauj thiab Kifared Apelles, Terpny, Diodorus, Anaksenor, Tigelly thiab Mesomed. Music ntawm Ancient nroog Loos yog tseem ciaj sia, li fwm tsis tau tsuas yog qhov yooj yim motives, tab sis kuj seev suab paj nruas.

Cawv ntawm Roman kos duab rau ntawm tus tam sim no

Nyob rau hauv tus ntawm Roman civilization nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub hais ntau thiab qhov txhia chaw. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tus yam ntxwv ntawm ancient Rome, los yog es ib tug ntawm nws sau, uas yog hais txog mus rau lub kos duab, muaj yog tseem tsis sawv cev nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev paub. Cuaj kaum, peb muaj peev xwm twb hais tias lub architecture, sculpture thiab visual arts ntawm lub Roman era ncaj qha los cov kev cai tivthaiv ntawm yuav luag tag nrho cov European lub teb chaws. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb yog tshwm nyob rau hauv lub architecture, qhov twg kev sib raug zoo thiab majestic tsev yog muab ntim rau hauv ib lub meej symmetrical daim ntawv.