Khoo hniav: muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab khoom. Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm bile

Ntsug khoom yog ib yam khoom ntawm kev ua ntawm hepatocytes (siab hlwb). Ntau cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias tsis muaj kev koom tes ntawm bile nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm digestion ntawm cov zaub mov, qub kev ua si yog tsis yooj yim sua. Muaj kev ua txhaum cai tsis yog ntawm kev zom zaub mov, tab sis kuj yog ntawm cov metabolism, yog tias ib qho tsis tshwm sim hauv nws txoj kev loj hlob lossis nws cov kev hloov muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Dab tsi yog siv tau rau?

Qhov no yog kua kua txiv digestive uas ua los ntawm lub siab. Nws yog siv ib zaug los yog tso nyob rau hauv lub gallbladder. Ob qho dej num tseem ceeb ntawm no cov tshuaj tua kab mob biologically tau muab sau tseg. Nws:

• Pab digestion ntawm cov rog thiab lawv nqus nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv;
• Tshem cov khoom pov tseg los ntawm cov ntshav.

Lub cev lub cev

Tib neeg lub cev kuj muaj xim daj ntseg, uas dhau los ua xim ntsuab-xim av (vim yog cov xim tsis zoo). Nws yog pob tshab, ntau dua los yog tsawg dua, nyob ntawm seb ntev npaum li cas hauv lub gallbladder. Nws muaj ib qho kev tu siab iab, ib qho peculiar tsw thiab tom qab nyob rau hauv lub gallbladder muaj ib qho tshuaj lom alkaline. Nws cov kev nqus yog txog 1005 hauv cov npav hauv npav, tab sis nws tuaj yeem loj hlob mus rau 1030 tom qab ib lub sij hawm ntev nyob hauv lub gallbladder, vim yog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov hnoos qeev thiab qee yam.

Cheebtsam

Cov khoom sib xyaw uas muaj li ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no: dej (85%), ntsev (10%), hnoos thiab pigments (3%), cov rog (1%), inorganic salts (0.7%) thiab roj (0.3%) , Khaws hauv lub gallbladder thiab tom qab noj mov yog muab pov rau hauv cov nyhuv me me los ntawm cov kab mob hauv cov kua mis.

Muaj kab mob hepatic thiab gall, lawv muaj pes tsawg leeg, tab sis qhov sib txawv yog txawv. Hauv txoj kev tshawb nrhiav, cov nram qab no muaj nyob rau hauv nws:

• Dej;
• Ntsiav cov kua qaub thiab lawv cov ntsev;
• Bilirubin;
• Roj Cholesterol;
• Lecithin;
• Ions ntawm sodium, potassium, chlorine, calcium;
• Bicarbonates.

Nyob rau hauv lub gallbladder bile salts ntawm bile acids yog 6 lub sij hawm ntau tshaj nyob rau hauv lub hepatic.

Hloov cov kua qaub

Cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg yog feem ntau yog cov kab mob kua qaub. Synthesis ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yog lub ntsiab hom ntawm catabolism roj uas txhaws taus nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj thiab tib neeg. Ib co enzymes uas koom rau hauv cov kab mob hauv cov kua roj acids yog cov kab mob hauv ntau lub cev, tab sis lub siab tsuas yog hloov hauv qhov chaw lawv qhov kev hloov pauv tag nrho. Hloov cov kua qaub (lawv cov synthesis) yog ib qho ntawm cov tswv yim tseem ceeb rau tshem tawm cov cholesterol ntau dhau ntawm lub cev.

Txawm li cas los, excretion ntawm cov cholesterol nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm bile acids tsis txaus kom tag nrho neutralize tshaj khoom ntawm nws nrog zaub mov. Txawm hais tias tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj no yog txoj hauv kev ntawm cov roj cholesterol, cov tshuaj no tseem ceeb hauv kev siv cov roj cholesterol, lipids, roj-dej ntau thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb, yog li ua kom yooj yim rau lawv lub siab mus rau lub siab. Tag nrho cov voj voog ntawm cov kua qoob ua kua qoob yuav tsum kom muaj 17 tus neeg cov enzymes. Ntau cov kua qaub kuj yog cov metabolites hauv cytotoxic, vim li ntawd lawv cov synthesis yuav tsum nyob hauv kev tswj nruj. Qee tus mob hauv lub cev ntawm lawv cov metabolism yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov muaj feem xyuam ntawm cov noob uas muaj lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov pob zeb kua qaub, uas ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog thaum ntxov rau menyuam yaus thiab cov kev loj hlob hauv cov laus.

Tsis ntev los no kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias cov kua tsib acids uas yog muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv cov kev cai ntawm nws tus kheej metabolism, tswj lipid metabolism thiab piam thaj metabolism yog lub luag hauj lwm rau cov kev tswj ntawm ntau yam dab nyob rau hauv lub siab tsuaj, raws li zoo raws li tswj tag nrho cov zog noj.

Cov haujlwm tseem ceeb

Ntau ntau hom tshuaj muaj ntau. Nws muaj pes tsawg leeg yog xws li hais tias tsis muaj enzymes nyob rau hauv nws, raws li nyob rau hauv lwm digestive juices los ntawm gastrointestinal ib ntsuj av. Es tsis txhob, nws yog tsuas yog los ntawm bile salts thiab acids, uas muaj peev xwm:

• Emulsify nqaijrog thiab ua txhaum rau hauv cov khoom me me.

• Pab lub cev nqus cov khoom ntawm cov decomposition cov rog hauv cov hnyuv. Salts ntawm bile acids khi rau lipids thiab ces yog absorbed rau hauv cov ntshav.

Ib qho tseem ceeb muaj nuj nqi ntawm cov kua tsib yog hais tias nws muaj cov kev puas tsuaj ntshav liab. Qhov no yog bilirubin, thiab feem ntau nws yog tsim hauv lub cev kom tshem tau cov qe ntshav dawb, nplua nuj nyob hauv hemoglobin. Cov ntawv xov xwm kuj ua dhau cov roj cholesterol. Nws tsis tsuas yog ib yam khoom ntawm daim siab lub siab, tab sis kuj qhia txog ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg.

Nws ua hauj lwm li cas?

Qhov tshwj xeeb muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev kuj muab nws lub peev xwm los ua ib tug surfactant, pab kom emulsify nqaij hauv cov zaub mov xws li xab npum dissolves rog. Cov ntsev cov khoom ntsev muaj cov dej qab ntsev thiab hydrophilic kawg. Thaum cov dej tov nrog cov rog hauv cov nyhuv me, cov kua qab ntsev kuj muaj cov roj ntsha thiab khi ob qho tib si dej thiab roj rog. Qhov no ua rau thaj tsam ntawm cov roj muaj zog, muab ntau dua rau cov pancreatic enzymes uas zom cov rog. Txij li thaum nws tseem ua rau lub cev tsis haum, nws yuav pab ua kom haum rau cov amino acids, roj cholesterol, calcium thiab cov roj-soluble vitamins xws li D, E, K thiab A.

Alkaline bile acids kuj muaj peev xwm ua kom tsis txhob muaj cov plab hnyuv zis tawm ua ntej nws nkag mus rau hauv qhov chaw nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov hnyuv. Salts ntawm bile acids muaj ib tug bactericidal siv, rhuav tseg ntau microbes uas yuav tam sim no nyob rau hauv khoom noj khoom haus.

Tsev qaub ncaug

Cov kab mob siab (hepatocytes) tsim kab mob, uas tau txav thiab tso rau hauv cov kab mob hauv lub cev. Los yeej muaj nws mus rau hauv cov hnyuv thiab tam sim ntawd pib mus rau qhov rog los yog accumulates nyob rau hauv lub zais zis.

Lub siab ua tawm los ntawm 600 ml rau 1 liter ntawm bile hauv 24 teev. Qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov khoom ntawm lub cev kuj hloov thaum nws dhau los ntawm cov kab mob hauv tsib. Cov mucous membrane ntawm cov formations secrete dej, sodium thiab bicarbonates, li diluting daim ntawv pub dawb. Cov ntxiv cov khoom xyaw pab neutralize lub plab acid, uas ntog mus rau hauv lub duodenum nrog cov nqis zaub mov (chyme) los ntawm lub plab.

Khoo cia

Lub siab tseem nco ntsoov tas li: txog li 1 liter ntawm 24 xuab moos, tiam sis feem ntau ntawm nws yog cia rau hauv lub gallbladder. Lub cev tsis muaj zog no nws yog los ntawm kev siv dej, sodium, chlorine thiab lwm yam electrolytes rau hauv cov ntshav. Lwm yam khoom ntawm bile, xws li kua tsib ntsev, roj cholesterol, lecithin thiab bilirubin, nyob hauv lub gallbladder.

Concentration

Lub gallbladder concentrates bile vim hais tias nws muaj peev xwm cia xuas kua ntsev thiab slags los ntawm kua ua los ntawm daim siab. Cheebtsam xws li dej, sodium, chlorides thiab electrolytes, tom qab ntawd siv lub npuas.

Cov kev tshawb fawb pom tau tias cov kab mob hauv tib neeg hauv lub zais zis yog tib yam li nyob hauv siab, tiam sis 5-20 npaug ntxiv. Qhov no yog qhia los ntawm qhov tseeb tias lub gallbladder feem ntau yog cov kua ntsev, thiab bilirubin, cholesterol, lecithin thiab lwm yam electrolytes yog absorbed rau cov ntshav thaum lub sijhawm nyob hauv lub tank no.

Tsev qaub ncaug

Tom qab 20-30 feeb tom qab noj mov tas, cov khoom noj khoom haus tau ntxig rau hauv 12-colon los ntawm lub plab nyob hauv daim ntawv chyme. Muaj cov khoom noj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog oily, nyob rau hauv lub plab thiab duodenum stimulates lub zais zis rau daim ntawv cog lus, uas yog vim qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cholecystokinin. Lub gallbladder displaces bile thiab relaxes lub sphincter ntawm Oddi, yog li cia nws nkag mus rau duodenum.

Lwm lub siab rau qhov kev qaug zog ntawm lub gallbladder yog paj impulses los ntawm cov hlab ntaws vagus thiab cov hlab ntsha. Secretin, uas stimulates lub tso pa tawm ntawm lub txiav, kuj nce txawm qaug zog. Nws cov nyhuv loj yog qhov nce hauv qhov tso pa tawm ntawm cov dej thiab sodium bicarbonate los ntawm cov kab mob hauv cov kua mis. Qhov no bicarbonate daws, ua ke nrog pancreatic bicarbonate, yog tsim nyog rau neutralize gastric acid nyob rau hauv intestine.

Cov phom muaj ntau yam - cov nqaijrog, amino acids, cov vitamins thiab ntau tus neeg.

Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv ntau tus neeg, bile muaj ib tug neeg qualitative thiab quantitative composition, uas yog, nws txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm bile acids, bile pigments thiab cov cholesterol.

Kev soj ntsuam kev mob

Thaum tsis hla qhov qe, Cov rog yuav ploj zuj zus thiab nyob twj ywm hauv cov quav nrog quav. Lub xeev no hu ua steatoria. Cal es tsis txhob siv xim cwj pwm xim yog xim pleev xim dawb los yog grey thiab ua rog. Steatorea tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev tsis muaj peevxwm: cov roj ntsha thiab vitamins tseemceeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom noj kis tau rau hauv cov hnyuv (uas feem ntau yog lub luag hauj lwm rau qhov nqus ntawm cov rog) thiab hloov cov paj ntawm txoj hnyuv. Koj yuav tsum paub tias hauv cov hnyuv loj tsis muaj cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib tw, uas ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem.

Cov neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg yog cov roj (cholesterol), uas yog qee zaus nrawm nrog bilirubin, calcium, tsim cov gallstones. Cov concretions, raws li txoj cai, raug kho los ntawm tshem lub zais nws tus kheej. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv muaj peev xwm qee zaum raug muab los ntawm kev siv tshuaj nrog rau kev nce hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kua qaub, xws li chenodeoxycholic thiab ursodeoxycholic.

Ntawm lub plab tas (tom qab rov qab ntuav, piv txwv), cov ntuav ntawm ntuav yuav ua ntsuab los yog tsaus daj thiab nrog kev mob siab. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb. Cov ntim ntawm cov ntuav yog feem ntau ua tiav nrog cov qub kua txob los ntawm lub plab. Cov xim ntawm cov kua mis feem ntau piv rau cov xim "freshly mown grass", hauv qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub plab uas tig greenish-yellow lossis maub daj. Ntsiav yuav nkag tau rau lub plab vim los ntawm lub zog tsis muaj zog, thaum noj cov tshuaj, thiab haus cawv, los yog qaug zog ntawm cov leeg mob leeg thiab mob ntawm duodenum.

Kev kuaj ntawm bile

Los ntawm txoj kev cais ntawm qhov kev sib xyuas, tseem yuav kuaj xyuas. Qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg, zoo, xim, ntom thiab acidity ntawm cov feem ntau tso cai rau txiav txim rau cov kev ua txhaum nyob rau hauv lub synthesis thiab kev thauj mus los.