Koom: CSS-layout

Thaum lub layout ntawm cov nplooj ntawv yog feem ntau tsim nyog los ua ib tug koom CSS kev: piv txwv li, rau center lub ntsiab chav tsev. Muaj ntau ntau lub ntsiab rau qhov teeb meem no, txhua tus uas yuav ua ntej los yog tom qab tau siv tej coder.

Dlhos ntawv nyeem los center

Feem ntau rau tej hniav hom phiaj koj xav kom koj muab cov ntawv nyeem lub, CSS nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, mus txo lub sij hawm ntawm imposition. Yav tas los no twb tau siv HTML-pas, tab sis tam sim no tus txheej txheem yuav tsum tau dlhos cov ntawv nyeem nrog lub style rau daim ntawv. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub thaiv rau cov uas koj xav hloov lub lwm padding nyob rau hauv CSS kawm tuab si lug hauv cov ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv nruab nrab yog tau nrog ib tug ib kab:

• ntawv nyeem-dlhos: center;

Qhov no tej khoom vaj tse yog pub thiab dhau los ntawm niam txiv rau tag nrho cov me nyuam. Nws tsis yog cov ntawv nyeem tab sis kuj mus rau lwm cov ntsiab. Rau lub hom phiaj no, lawv yuav tsum tau me (xws li, tau saib ntsoov txog) los yog kab-thaiv (tej blocks uas hais kom meej zaub vaj tse: thaiv). Cov yav tas kev xaiv kuj tso cai rau koj los mus hloov lub dav thiab qhov siab ntawm lub caij, ntau saj zawg zog configuration ntawm cov indentation.

nplooj ntawv feem ntau dlhos attribute rau tus kheej lossis. Qhov no tam sim ntawd ua rau cov code invalid, txij li thaum W3C muaj leej twg paub dlhos attribute obsolete. Siv nws rau ib daim ntawv yog tsis pom zoo.

lub thaiv

Yog hais tias koj xav kom koj muab cov kawm tuab si lug ntawm lub div nyob rau hauv nruab nrab, CSS yuav muab ib tug heev xis txoj kev: kev siv ntawm lwm padding npoo. Padding yuav muab teev raws li cov kev thaiv cov ntsiab, kab thiab-thaiv. Svoysva nqi yuav tsum 0 (ntsug padding), thiab pib (automatic indentation horizontally):

• paj tau paj: 0 nws pib;

Tam sim no qhov kev xaiv no yog lees paub tias raws kiag siv tau. Siv sab nraud padding kuj tso cai rau koj mus muab cov kawm tuab si lug ntawm qhov chaw: CSS-ntug vaj tse tso cai rau peb kom peb daws tau ntau teeb meem nrog cov kev ntseeg caij nyob rau sab.

Tuab si lug ntawm lub sab laug los yog txoj cai ntug ntawm lub thaiv

Tej zaum CSS-txoj kev tsis yuav tsum tau kawm tuab si lug ntawm lub chaw, tab sis nws yog tsim nyog los muab tso rau tom ntej no ob blocks, ib tug ntawm sab laug thiab cov lwm yam - los ntawm txoj cai. No muaj cov ntab vaj tse, uas yuav siv sij hawm ib tug ntawm peb qhov tseem ceeb: sab laug, txoj cai los yog tsis muaj. Cia hais tias koj muaj ob blocks uas yuav tsum tau muab tso rau sab by sab. Ces tus code yog raws li nram no:

• .left {float: left;}
• .right {ntab: txoj cai}

Yog hais tias muaj yog ib tug thib peb block, uas yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub thawj ob blocks (e.g., footer), ces nws yog tsim nyog los sau npe ntshiab feature:

• .left {float: left;}
• .right {ntab: txoj cai}
• footer {tseeb: ob}

Qhov tseeb hais tias cov blocks nrog rau cov chav kawm ntawm sab laug thiab txoj cai caij nplooj zeeg tawm ntawm tag nrho cov txaus, uas yog, tag nrho lwm yam ntsiab ignored heev hav zoov ntawm cov ntsiab kws dlhos. Khoom ntshiab: ob tso cai footer thaiv los yog lwm yam kev pom precipitated los ntawm cov khiav hlwb thiab txwv tsis pub muab (float) nyob rau ob qho tib si rau sab laug thiab txoj cai. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv peb tus yam ntxwv, tus footer yog moog downward.

ntsug kawm tuab si lug

Muaj mob qhov twg tsis txaus los muab cov kawm tuab si lug ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub CSS-txoj kev, koj yuav tsum tau hloov lub ntsug txoj hauj lwm ntawm tus me nyuam block. Tej kab los yog kab-thaiv caij yuav pressed tiv thaiv cov sab sauv los yog tsawg ntug, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov niam txiv lub caij los yog yuav nyob rau hauv ib tug arbitrary qhov chaw. Feem ntau cov feem ntau yuav tsum tau kawm tuab si lug ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub thaiv, nws yuav siv ntsug-dlhos attribute. Piv txwv muaj ob blocks, ib tug nested nyob rau hauv lub lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv no sab hauv tsev unit - kab-thaiv caij (zaub: inline-thaiv). Nws yog tsim nyog los ua kab ntsug thaiv tus me nyuam:

• kawm tuab si lug ntawm lub sab sauv ciam - .child {ntsug-dlhos: sab saum toj};
• lub - .child {ntsug-dlhos: nruab nrab};
• kawm tuab si lug ntawm lub qab ntug - .child {ntsug-dlhos: hauv qab};

Thaum thaiv cov ntsiab suab ntawv dlhos, los yog ntsug-dlhos tsis thov.

Tau muaj teeb meem nrog Kws Dlhos units

Tej zaum div dlhos qhov chaw ntawm lub CSS kev yuav ua rau ib tug me ntsis teeb meem. Piv txwv li, thaum uas siv cov ib float: piv txwv li, nws muaj peb blocks: .first, .second thiab .third. Tus thib ob thiab thib peb blocks pw nyob rau hauv lub ntej. Ib lub caij nrog ib tug hauv chav kawm ntawv thib ob tshuav-raws li, thiab lub xeem thaiv - nyob rau txoj cai. Tom qab aligning ob poob los ntawm lub kwj. Yog hais tias leej niam leej txiv lub caij yog tsis sau tseg qhov siab (piv txwv li, 30em), nws yuav tsum ua ncav lub qhov siab ntawm chaw hauj lwm chav nyob. Kom tsis txhob no yuam kev, siv lub "lub tog raj" - ib tug tshwj xeeb chav tsev, uas pom .second thiab .third. CSS-code:

• .second {ntab: laug}
• .third {ntab: txoj cai}
• .clearfix {qhov siab: 0; ntshiab: ob;}

pseudo feem ntau siv: tom qab, uas kuj tso cai rov qab mus rau blocks mus rau hauv qhov chaw los ntawm kev tsim psevdorasporki (nyob rau hauv qhov piv txwv nyob rau hauv lub div nrog hoob dag hauv lub ntim thiab muaj ib tug .first .left thiab .right):

• .left {ntab: laug}
• .right {ntab: txoj cai}
• .container: tom qab {ntsiab lus: ''; zaub: cov lus; ntshiab: ob;}

Qhov saum toj no kev xaiv - lub feem ntau, txawm hais tias muaj ib co variations. Koj yeej ib txwm nrhiav tus uas yooj yim thiab feem ntau yooj yim txoj kev uas yuav tsim psevdorasporki los ntawm thwmsim.

Ib qho teeb meem nquag ces yuav tsum layout - kawm tuab si lug ntawm kab-thaiv ntsiab. Tom qab txhua yam uas lawv muaj chaw ntxiv tau. Kov nws yuav pab kom cov paj tau paj vaj tse, uas yog txhais los ntawm qhov tsis zoo indentation. Muaj lwm txoj kev, uas yog siv tsawg zaus, rau Piv txwv li, pib dua lub font loj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub zog ntawm cov niam txiv lub caij npe font-size: 0. Yog hais tias nyob hauv blocks ntawm phau ntawv, cov khoom ntawm kab-thaiv cov ntsiab tau rov qab mus rau lub yam font loj. Piv txwv li, font-size: 1em. Cov qauv no yog tsis ib txwm yooj yim, li ntawd, nws yog ntau npaum li cas feem ntau siv version nrog lwm margins.

Aligning Blocks tso cai rau koj mus tsim kev zoo nkauj thiab ua haujlwm zoo cov nplooj ntawv: cov kev layout thiab layout, thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub khw, thiab cov duab rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm ib tug me me.