Kws ntawv Leonid Maksimovich Leonov: biography, nta muaj tswv yim thiab nthuav tseeb

Nyob rau hauv peb kab lis kev cai nws txhais nws qhov chaw nyob rau ib zaug - Lavxias teb sab classic txawj sau ntawv, discoverer nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem ntawm kev sib raug thiab philosophical kev taw qhia. Leej twg yog nws? Leonid Maksimovich Leonov. Nws creativity yog multifaceted thiab mnogoproblemno. Nws sau txog cov qauv ntawm socialist haiv neeg, qhia nws lub tswv yim nyob rau hauv no, sharply tsa cov teeb meem ntawm cov neeg, "hauv qab", kov txawm zoo heev tej yaam num, xws li "kev soj ntsuam xyuas cov neeg".

Luv luv biography Leonida Maksimovicha Leonova. lub txawj sau ntawv thaum yau

Born Leonid Maximovich Leonov los ntawm lub kawg ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo - Tej zaum 19, 1899. Tus kws sau ntawv nyob ib tug ntev lub neej, nws tuag nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj 8, 1994 nyob rau lub hnub nyoog ntawm 95 xyoo. Leonov twb faus nyob Novodevichy Cemetery.

Childhood Leonid muaj nyob rau hauv Moscow. Nws txiv - Maxim Leonov (tsis muaj hmoo) yog ib tug kws sau paj lug thiab nws tus kheej-qhia, ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub "Surikov" suab paj nruas-txawj voj voog. Yog nws tus kheej ib tug neeg uas lub Kaluga xeev, lub zos Polukhino.

Maxim Leonovich tsim nws tus kheej lub publishing tsev nyob rau hauv Moscow. Tej yam uas tau mus zoo, nws qhib nws tus kheej kav thiab yog heev muaj myiaj txiv neej. Nyob rau hauv imperial lub sij hawm Maxim Goremyka 17 lub sij hawm raug foob rau kis tshuav ntaub ntawv thiab yog nws thiaj li exiled Arkhangelsk, qhov twg nws hais. Nws tuag nyob rau hauv 1929. Nws tsev neeg, nws tshuav Moscow, thiab Leonid Maksimovic coj tsis muaj ib tug txiv. Nws lub ntsiab saib yog kuv yawg Leon Leonovich Leonov. Nws yog nws leej twg instilled txoj kev hlub tus me nyuam tub rau sab ntsuj plig thiab ancient ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv kaum xyoo nws kawm tiav Leonid Petrovsky-Myasnitskaya nroog tsev kawm ntawv. Nws cuv npe kawm los kawm nyob rau peb Moscow chav xyaum tes taw.

Arkhangelsk

Thaum nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv, Leonov mus rau lub caij so mus rau nws txiv nyob rau hauv Arkhangelsk, qhov twg nws yog editor ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm "Northern thaum sawv ntxov." Nyob rau hauv 1915 tuaj lub xov xwm ntawm cov thawj verses Leonov Leonid Maksimovic. Tsis tas li ntawd txiv pab nws mus rau luam tawm ntau yam tsab ntawv, kos duab thiab ua yeeb yam xyuas. Lawv thiaj muaj zog hais tias nws txiv yeej tsis muaj yuav tsis txaj muag kev kuaj ntawm tus cwj mem ntawm nws tus tub. Yog li tuaj thawj txawj sau ntawv kev. Nws thawj kwv huam cov txawj sau ntawv hu ua "tus thawj qauv suab, nyob rau hauv lub lyre," lawv twb lom zem ntau imitative.

Thaum lub sij hawm nws kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv cov chav xyaum tes taw Leonid Maksimovich Leonov sau zaj dab neeg "Valin menyuam roj hmab", raws li zoo raws li lub fairy taleas "King thiab Athos." Leonov kawm tiav los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv 1918 nrog ib tug silver puav pheej thiab tam sim ntawd mus rau thawj tubtxib saum ntuj rau nws tus txiv. Muaj ib tug hluas txawj sau ntawv ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm "lub North hnub", "Northern thaum sawv ntxov." Muaj tseem fastened thawj acquaintance nrog cov "paj huam ntawm lub sab qaum teb" - Shergin txawj sau ntawv, artist Pisahova. Lawv pab qhib lub ntiaj teb no ntawm tus tub hluas Lavxias teb sab kev lig kev cai, lub icon Russ epic, untouched nkauj xwb cov xwm.

Cov kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv lub Red Army

Nyob rau hauv Leonid kawm rau ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Moscow, tag nrho nws cov kev npaj tsoo lub Civil War. Biography ntawm tus poj txawj sau ntawv Leonid Leonov muaj cov ntaub ntawv uas ib tug tub hluas nyob rau hauv 1920, yeem tuaj koom lub Red Army thiab tau txais kev pab nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb pem hauv ntej. Kev kawm yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub Artillery tsev kawm ntawv, koom nyob rau hauv lub battles, yog ib tug correspondent rau pem hauv ntej, nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov tub rog ntawv. Nws los ua secretary rau lub "Liab Warrior" ib tsab. Tub rog alias Leonov - Maxim Laptev, Lapot. Nws demobilized nyob rau hauv 1921, thiab pib loj sau ntawv.

ua ib tug txawj sau ntawv

Rov qab nyob rau hauv Moscow, Leonid Maksimovich Leonov tso koom nyob rau hauv cov neeg sau cov ntaub ntawv. Nws thawj hauj lwm qhuas Maxim Gorky, uas nyuab siab cov txuj ci ntawm cov tub ntxhais txawj sau ntawv, thiab kwv yees ib tug zoo yav tom ntej rau nws. Ib txhia pom nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm Leonova ib co koom haum nrog Dostoevsky style rau Gorky retorted uas Leonov nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm tsis muaj cov neeg "quaj ntawm lub kev txhab," cai Fyodor Mikhailovich.

Leonid Maksimovich Leonov, uas nws cov kwv huam muaj tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv nws cov hluas, los ua tiag koom nyob rau hauv prose. Nws taleas "Buryga" tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1922, ib tug sau ntawm zaj dabneeg luv luv luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1923, ua raws li los ntawm tus tshiab "Tus End ntawm lub me me txiv neej" thiab "Petushihinsky puas."

Cov dab neeg "Badgers", "Tub"

Vim tus tshiab "Badgers" (1924), tus kws Leonid Leonov Maksimovic twb co menyuam raws li ib tug hluas txawj sau ntawv. Cov ua hauj lwm twb muaj nplooj siab mus rau lub revolt ntawm lub peasants, uas tau pom zoo rau lub Soviet tsoom fwv nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 20-ies ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo. Lub hauv paus pib ntawm neeg pluag revolt txawj sau ntawv tau pom tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub repressive txoj kev ntawm lub reign ntawm lub hwj chim, ntev li surplus-appropriation system, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm heev ntawm peasants rau nroog tuaj. Envying, nyob rau hauv cov av ntawm kev ua catastrophic, uas kis kev sib ntxub ntawm lub masses ntawm tus neeg.

Dluab ntawm cov neeg, kuv tau tsim ib tug muaj tiag, lub cim yog piav nrog precision lub hlwb thiab philosophical tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv lub tshiab, tus neeg sau muaj pab koj tu siab rau cov neeg ua hauj lwm, uas them helplessness ua ntej lub zoo hloov nyob rau hauv lawv lub neej.

Nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm "Cov Tub" (1927) Leonid Maksimovich Leonov qhia twb raws li ib tug connoisseur ntawm tib neeg cov kev tshawb fawb. Ua ntej hais tias nws twb tsis portrayed nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm cov fates, lub "Tub" qhia tus nyeem ntawv txog lub tragic txoj hmoo ntawm Mitya Vekshina. Yav tas los tsoom fwv, leej twg lam mus rau ib tug txhaum cai loj, ntawm no embodies raug xwm txheej ntawm cov tag nrho lub teb chaws, tus yeebyam ntawm tus ntsuj plig thiab lub siab. Nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm, peb muaj peev xwm soj ntsuam cov khoom yog tiag tiag, tam sim no peb paub yuav ua li cas txaus ntshai lub hwj chim, uas mus rau lub "lumpen proletariat" thiab poob los ntawm nws cov sab saum toj. "Tub" twb qhia nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm tag nrho cov ins thiab outs ntawm unflattering arbiters ntawm lub sij hawm.

Cov hauj lwm ntawm lub 30s

Cov dab neeg "Sot" (1930) los ua tus thawj khoom ntawm lub Soviet, qhov twg tau yeeb koob zog heroism ntawm lub Soviet neeg, twb qhuas kev tsim kho ntawm socialism thiab cov transformation ntawm cov neeg lag ntseg nyob rau hauv lub suburbs ntawm lub industrial cov chaw. Novels "Skutarevsky" thiab "Txoj kev mus rau lub hiav txwv" yog muaj nyob rau ntawm lub artistic txoj kev tshawb no ib qho nyuaj restructuring tswv yim ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ntawm lub qub intelligentsia, uas tau txiav txim siab coj ib feem nyob rau hauv lub lwm ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Ntawm no nws yog xwm ib tug ntse hauv chav kawm ntawv nriaj yog nyob rau hauv no tej vaj tse. "Txoj kev mus rau lub hiav txwv" piav qhia txog txoj hmoo ntawm cov communist - organizer, lub philosopher, tus thawj coj uas muab tag nrho cov ntawm nws tus kheej rau lub hom phiaj ntawm lub tsev communism.

ua yeeb yam

Nyob rau hauv lub lig 30 thiab thaum ntxov 40-ies Leonov ua hauj lwm ntau tshaj li ib tug playwright. Nws plays yog nyob rau hauv zoo kawg thov. "Skutarevsky" (1934), "Tus Hma", "Polovchanskie vaj" (1938), "Ordinary neeg" (1941).

Ob peb lo lus kuv xav hais tias hais txog cov kev ua si "los daus loj". Nws occupies ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm Leonova thiab touches ntawm nthuav cov lus tseeb ntawm lub neej ntawm cov txawj sau ntawv. Nyob rau hauv no ua hauj lwm cov neeg sau tau recreated cov cua ntawm kev ntshai thiab mistrust uas tau seized lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub 30s. Txaus ntshai los daus loj snowstorm puas txhua yam nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev ciaj sia, lub peev xwm ua. Lub ib txwm hom heroes ntawm lub sij hawm uas tau raug hloov tshaj Vocabulary, neeg txawv teb chaws sawv cev ib tug zoo hero, thiab nws tus tij laug, tus Soviet thawj coj - tsis zoo.

Thaum xub thawj, cov kev ua si teem nyob rau hauv ib tug lub xeev ua yeeb yam. Tab sis, ces nws tau raug txwv thiab liam "raws li siab phem klevetnichestvo Soviet kev muaj tiag." Leonov ntseeg tau criticized nyob rau hauv lub Politburo, tus sau ntshai tsam hais tias nws yuav tsum tau raug ntes. Rehabilitated cov khoom tsuas nyob rau hauv 1962.

Ua tsov ua rog. Lub postwar xyoo

Thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog, Leonid Maximovich twb evacuated nrog rau lwm cov neeg sau ntawv nyob rau hauv Chistopol. Pheej raws li correspondent mus rau pem hauv ntej. Nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub "Xov xwm" thiab "qhov tseeb." Nws tej hauj lwm "ntxeem tau" thiab ces "Lenushka" (1942-1943 gg.), Reflected hauv lub feat ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub sim tawm tsam fascism, kev tu siab ntawm tsis tau thiab yeej, ua siab loj thiab heroism. "Ntxeem tau" twb muab tsub lub Stalin nqi zog. Nthuav fact: tag nrho cov nyiaj, thiab nws yog 100 txhiab rubles, Leonov cob rau hauv cov kws muaj txuj ci Fund. Rau cov uas nws tau txais ib daim ntawv qhuas pab los ntawm Stalin.

Leonid Maksimovich Leonov, ib tug luv luv biography yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, yog ib tug txawv txiv neej ntawm nws lub sij hawm. Muaj qhia tawm tsuas yog ib feem ntawm nws ua hauj lwm. Tom qab tsov rog, nws txuas ntxiv mus sau ntawv, los mus nce cov teeb meem ntawm lub hnub. Tsis ntshai hais lus ntawm qhov tsuj, lub kulaks, cov yeeb ncuab ntawm cov neeg, nyob rau hauv txhua txhua tus neeg nws twb sim mus nrhiav ib tug yog leejtwg, sim mus cuag tau qhov tseeb. Tsis yeej ib txwm ntawm nws tej hauj lwm tau luam tawm, ib txhia twb txawm txwv nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union. Tab sis ua cas fated txawj sau ntawv twb tsis rau txim rau nws bold creativity, thiab txawm nws yog tsim nyog sau cia hais tias pheej muab ntau yam uas tsoom fwv khoom plig, yog ib tug nrov thiab zoo-paub nyob rau hauv tus neeg lub vajvoog ntawm intellectuals.

Nws loj ua hauj lwm "Hauv" luam tawm txawj sau ntawv tsis tiav sai ua ntej nws tuag, nws twb ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv no daim rau 45 xyoo. Nws Leonov summed rau tag nrho cov muaj tiag ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, lub neej coj nyiaj thiab cov ntawv tseeb, juxtaposed nrog lub tsis yooj yim sua ua tau, thiab summed li tag nrho nws cov creativity.