Leej twg yog Charles hu ua lub Great?

Nws yog suav tias yog ib qho ntawm feem feemxyuam politicians, uas nws faj tim teb chaws muab sawv mus rau lub pib ntawm statehood nyob rau hauv ntau European haiv neeg. Leej twg yog Karl, tom qab ntawd hu ua tus Great, thiab nws ua dab tsi?

Qhov no kav pab cov pom zoo los ntawm lub Papal States, thaws rov los lub dawb ceev as tsov ua rog, tsim kev kawm ntawv thiab kab lis kev cai, exciting tshiab pawg neeg thaj av mus nqa tawm kho ... King ntawm cov Franks, ces tus huab tais ntawm cov Lombards, lub Duke of Bavaria, thiab nyob rau hauv hnub kawg, tus huab tais ntawm sab hnub poob - nws yog tag nrho hais txog nws. Karl swung tawm mus recreate lub Roman faj tim teb chaws, thiab nws ua tau zoo.

keeb kwm

Carl - tub ntawm tus huab tais ntawm cov Franks Pepin lub Luv luv thiab Bertrada ntawm Laon. Txawm hais tias nws yog nthuav tias nws txiv zaum rau lub zwm txwv nyob rau hauv ib tug coup, thiab tsis tsuas pub nws raws li lub huab tais lub successor, tab sis yog nws leeg ntws tib yam xiav ntshav, raws li nws yog lub Duke. Carl tau koom rau cov genus pippinids, tab sis tom qab nws nws twb renamed lub Carolingian dynasty.

Qhov chaw thiab lub xyoo ntawm yug me nyuam, historians yuav tsis tuaj mus rau ib qho denominator, vim hais tias ib txhia qhov chaw hais 742 xyoo, nyob rau hauv lwm tus neeg - 742 th, thiab txawm ib co - 747 th. Nyob rau hauv uas lub nroog yog muaj, dhau lawm, ib puas feem pua yog tsis paub hais tias (tejzaum nws, nyob rau hauv Aachen, Kjersti los yog Ingelheim). Tab sis li cas txog cov hnub ntawm txoj kev tuag tsis muaj tsis ntseeg: Carl tuag nyob rau hauv 814 thiab twb faus nyob rau hauv Aachen.

Relations nrog Karlomanom

Tab sis raws li cov Franks Pepin lub zwm txwv twb ntes, ces, hais tias nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej tsis muaj ib tug yuav tsis txaus siab rau hauv lub legitimacy ntawm lub hwj chim ntawm nws successors, nws kom hais tias nws ob tug tub (Karl thiab nws tus kwv Carloman) nyob rau hauv 754 tau xaiv tseg rau lub zwm txwv ntawm Pope Stephen II. Pepin tsis tau muab txoj cai rau lub zwm txwv rau ib co yog ib tug ntawm cov tub, thiab muab faib rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lawv dominion, uas yuav tsum tau nws tom qab nws tuag.

Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, nyob rau hauv 1968, Karl tau txais Aquitaine, feem ntau ntawm Neustria thiab Austrasia, thiab Thuringia, thiab nws co-txais cuab tam ntawm Carloman tus kav Burgundy, Provence, thiab Gotiey Alemany. Txawm tias, raws li lawv hais, lawv tau muaj tsis muaj dab tsi los mus qhia, tiam sis cov kwv tij yeej ib txwm tau heev heev. Piv txwv li, Charles yog zoo-nrhiav tau ntshai hais tias nws tus tij laug xav kom mus nkag rau hauv ib daim ntawv cog nrog Desiderius, huab tais ntawm cov Lombards.

Yog vim li cas Karl nkag mus hauv lub neej nrog rau nws tus ntxhais thiab tau txais ib tug desideratum qhov chaw influential neeg los ntawm cov entourage ntawm nws txiv. Nws yuav luag coj mus rau tsov rog ntawm cov kwv tij, tab sis Carloman poob mob thiab tuag nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 771, thiab nws tus poj niam yuav tsum tau khiav nrog nws cov me nyuam. Karl ntxiv mus rau lawv cov tswv cuab, li ntawd, lub hwj chim twb Centralized tshaj ntau ntawm cov teb chaws Europe.

tsov rog

Tab sis Charles ho tsis nres. Tsis ntev tag nrho ntawm cov teb chaws Europe yog mus nrhiav seb leej twg yog Karl Veliky. Nws tsis tau muab so tas mus li skirmishes Franks thiab Saxons raws li ib tug kev cai dab qhuas (tus tom kawg adhered mus rau paganism), thiab nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm hwv, yog li nyob rau hauv 772, nws txiav txim siab los pib ib tug tsov rog tawm tsam lawv, invading Saxony.

Tab sis tseem ua ntej ntawd, nws xa rov qab lub desideratum raws li ib tug kev sib raug zoo nrog nws tus txiv, nws twb tau mus dab tsi. Qhov no tsis yog ib tug dag angered tus huab tais ntawm cov Lombards, thiab nws xav pleev tshuaj rau lub zwm txwv tub hluas Karlomana Pipina. Charles tam sim ntawd pib mus tua. Cov tub rog ntawm lub Lombards thiab cov Franks tau ntsib nyob rau hauv lub Alps cheeb tsam, tab sis ua tsaug rau cov skilful tub rog maneuvers kawg effortlessly yeej. Desideratum zoo nyob rau hauv nws capital ntawm Pavia. Tab sis tom qab siege ntawm lub nroog surrendered, Carl yuam qub txiv nyob rau hauv kev cai lij choj coj lub vows, thiab nws usurped lub zwm txwv ntawm lub Lombards. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm huab tais ntawm lub Franks ruaj kev sib haum xeeb nrog lub Papal States, thiab cog lus rau nws ib tug tshiab av.

Thaum Italian teeb meem tau raug daws, nws rov ua tsov ua rog tiv thaiv lub Saxons, uas nws thiaj li yeej, txawm hais tias nws coj nws 32 xyoo. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lub Saxons tau forcibly hloov dua siab tshiab rau cov ntseeg Vajtswv, thiab lawv lub teb chaws twb koom nrog cov khoom ntiag ntawm Charles.

Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv 787, Duke of Bavaria Tassilon peb twb muab zais rau hauv ib tug convent thiab muab Karl nws powers. Tom qab ntawd tuaj lub lem ntawm lub Slavic pab pawg neeg lutici, thiab ces tus Avars thiab kawm qho uas ib tug Carl. Lub yeej yog dua nyob rau sab ntawm lub Franks.

Txawm hais tias muaj kuj defeats, xws li 777, nyob rau hauv ib tug sib ntaus sib tua nrog rau cov Basques. Nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm no sib ntaus sib tua nws twb sau ntawv "Song ntawm Roland".

Nyob rau Christmas Day 800 xyoo Carl tau txais lub npe uas huab tais ntawm sab hnub poob. Txawm tias thaum nws lub neej nws muab qhia cov tswv cuab ntawm nws peb tug tub, tiam sis tsuas yog dim nws tus txiv, Louis Thawj.

tau kev thaj yeeb

Tab sis tus huab tais yog tsis tsuas yog nyob rau kev tsov kev rog. Leej twg yog Carl raws li ib tug keeb kwm kev cai daim duab? Nws pib lub rooj txhawb siab, tom qab ntawd hu ua Carolingian. Tus huab tais tsim ib tug system ntawm universal txoj kev kawm ntawv (Txawm tias qhov no tsuas yog cov txiv neej), tsim lub Academy of Arts Palace taws los Alcuin kws sau paj lug, pab mus rau kis ntawm thawj. Nyob rau hauv nws txoj cai, tsim lub medieval Latin raws li cov lus ntawm science, lub Romanesque style ntawm architecture, tsim txoj kev, castles thiab defenses.

Leej twg yog Carl raws li ib tug neeg?

Dua li ntawm qhov ua tau, nws tsis muaj ib tug stellar kab mob. Nws hlub zoo khaub ncaws thiab rooj, bursting nrog cov zaub mov, yog li hnav khaub ncaws yuav luag zoo li ib tug commoner, thiab nws noj mov twb txaj muag thiab yooj yim. Karl yog fond ntawm kev nyeem ntawv, astronomy, rhetoric. Nws muaj ib tug heev hais lus zoo thiab charisma. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov huab tais Charles yog ib tug kev cai dab qhuas tus txiv neej: honored los ntawm tag nrho cov qhuas thiab kev cai.

Yog li ntawd, lawv txiav txim los ntawm cov saum no, Karla Velikogo yog tsis nyob rau hauv vain hu ua leej txiv ntawm cov teb chaws Europe. Nws yeej ua ib tug loj loj pab mus rau cov nom tswv, kev cai thiab economic kev loj hlob ntawm lub cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv nws cov kev tswj.