Leningrad cheeb tsam, pejxeem: pejxeem, kev ua hauj lwm thiab demographic indicators

Pej xeem ntsuas - ib qho ntawm feem tseem ceeb rau kev ntsuam xyuas cov zoo ntawm cheeb tsam. Yog li ntawd, kev sib raug zoo kws tshawb fawb yog zoo saib rau cov xov tooj thiab cov pejxeem puab tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws raws li ib tug tag nrho, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv ib co ntawm nws cheeb tsam. Xav txog dab tsi cov neeg ntawm Leningrad cheeb tsam, yuav ua li cas nws hloov thiab dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb demographic teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam.

Geography ntawm Leningrad cheeb tsam

Lub cheeb tsam yog nyob rau hauv lub qaum teb hnub poob ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation. Lub cheeb tsam ntawm thaj av ntawd yog yuav luag 84 txhiab square kilometers. Raws li qhov ntsuas no, nws Cov Qib 39th nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Lub cheeb tsam yog nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj nyob sab Europe Tiaj, yog tsis muaj roob, tab sis ib tug ntau ntawm txawv cov dej lub cev. Lub cheeb tsam yuav siv sij hawm 9 dej ntws, muaj 13 haum loj pas dej, muaj mob ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws yog swampy thiab tsis zoo suited rau cov neeg lub neej. Qhov chaw nyob ze ntawm lub coastline yog qhov ua rau ntawm lub Atlantic-continental kev nyab xeeb, nrog me me winters thiab txias summers nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam tag nrho cov xyoo ntog ib tug ntau ntawm dej nag. Tej huab cua yog tsis zoo conducive mus ua liaj ua teb. Qhov no pab mus rau qhov tseeb hais tias thoob plaws nws cov keeb kwm ib ncig ntawm lub tsis zoo populated los ntawm cov neeg. Lub cheeb tsam muaj ob peb loj settlements. Lub nroog ntawm Leningrad cheeb tsam, uas nws cov pej xeem nyob dhau tshaj ntawm lub daim duab ntawm 50 txhiab, yuav raug suav rau ib txhais tes: muaj xwb 7.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub Leningrad cheeb tsam hais sib haum

Tus thawj chaw nres tsheb ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm cov niaj hnub Leningrad Thaj av hnub rov qab mus rau lub Mesolithic. Nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo txhiab BC nyob rau hauv lub teb, uas hnub no yog hu ua tus Leningrad cheeb tsam, cov pejxeem pib ua ib tug sedentary lub neej. Cov neeg koom nyob rau hauv nyuj yug me nyuam rau, yos hav zoov, sib sau ua ke, yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub Finno-Ugric pab pawg neeg. Nyob rau hauv lub 6 xyoo pua AD rau lub teb chaws los Slavs, uas hais raws tus dej ntws Luga, Oredezh thiab nyob ze pas dej. Tab sis raws li ntev raws li lub zos yog heev fragmented. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub Novgorod State nqi ntawm yav tom ntej cov neeg nyob rau Leningrad cheeb tsam loj hlob. Muaj Ua tiv thaiv tiv thaiv cov raids ntawm sab qaum teb pab pawg neeg. Qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th, cov pawg neeg thaj av tau annexed mus rau lub Moscow lub nceeg vaj, tab sis, ces pib ib tug systematic colonization. Ib feem ntawm cov nplooj raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov tub rog kev ua nyob rau hauv Sweden, thiab lub Slavs ntxiv loj tsiv teb tsaws ntawm Scandinavians. Nyob rau hauv lub 18th pua, tom qab rov qab los ntawm Lavxias teb sab pawg neeg thaj av, Peter pib tsim ib tug tshiab capital ntawm no, ua rau ib tug surge nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm tuaj txog ntawm cov neeg tshiab los ntawm tag nrho cov tshaj ib ncig ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws thiab ncaim ntawm ntau Swedes thiab lawv cov xeeb ntxwv. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub Leningrad cheeb tsam yuav luag tsis muaj tej yam tseem ceeb rau lub tsiv teb tsaws ntawm cov pejxeem, tsuas yog lub teb chaws ntawm lub Finnish pej xeem nyob hauv 1929 nrog lub accession ntawm lub Karelian av. Tom qab lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II, cov pawg neeg thaj av muaj kev koom raug tsim, tshiab settlements, tus xov tooj ntawm inhabitants yuav tsub kom.

Administrative-hwv division ntawm lub Leningrad Thaj av

Ua ntej tus kiv puag ncig, nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm niaj hnub Leningrad cheeb tsam tsis muaj tsev nyob tsib xeev: St. Petersburg, Pskov, Cherepovets, Murmansk thiab Novgorod. Tom qab ntawd hwv division system undergoes ntau yam kev hloov. Nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm muaj tau faib 17 ntawv thiab cheeb tsam 19 lub zos ntawm lub regional subordination. Txij li thaum 2006, nws qhia ib tug tshiab, ob-theem system ntawm kev tswj kev sib cais ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab Federation. Nyob rau hauv ib Leningrad cheeb tsam Borough chaw thiab 17 tau cais 61 nroog 138 thiab zaum. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm St. Petersburg koog tsev kawm ntawv yog nyob rau hauv tsoom fwv teb chaws ciaj ciam thiab, nyob rau hauv cov kev phem ntawm nws cov organic kev twb kev txuas nrog rau thaj tsam tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tus thawj tswj kev txiav txim zoo sib nrug los ntawm nws. Yog li ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau raug xam tias yog nyob rau ntawm lub cheeb tsam thiab cov pej xeem ntawm St. Petersburg.

Leningrad cheeb tsam thoob plaws nws cov keeb kwm, yuav tsum tau mus los ntawm heev heev kev hloov ntawm cov thawj tswj faib. Muaj tshiab units, ib co disappeared, tseg tshwm sim renaming. Leningrad cheeb tsam, cov neeg uas accustomed mus rau lub fact tias lawv puav yuav tau hloov lawv qhov chaw nyob.

Tag nrho cov pejxeem

Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub tswvyim ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov inhabitants nyob rau hauv Russia pib nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm lub Mongol ntxeem tau. Txawm li cas los, nyias muaj nyias cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ntau yam kev kawm, nrog rau cov Leningrad cheeb tsam, nyob rau hauv nws lub Soviet lub sij hawm. Vim lub fact tias cov cheeb tsam ob peb lub sij hawm tshaj lub xyoo ntawm Soviet hwj chim hloov nws ciam teb, uniquely tseeb nuj nqis rau ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm cov neeg nyob muaj. Niaj hnub no, tag nrho cov pej xeem ntawm lub Leningrad cheeb tsam yog 1.778.890 neeg (raws li cov txheeb cais rau 2016).

Dynamics thiab cov pejxeem ceev

Txij li thaum 1926, yog ib tug kuj tu ncua statistics rau cov pejxeem puab nyob rau hauv lub USSR. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo lub xov tooj ntawm inhabitants hloov dua. Chiv, nws yog 2.8 lab, 28 xyoo, qhov no daim duab tau nce (ua tsaug rau lub accession ntawm Karelia thiab Leningrad) rau 6 lab. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1959 poob sharply mus 1.2 lab nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov tub rog losses thiab cov tshem tawm ntawm lub Leningrad cheeb tsam. Nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, Leningrad cheeb tsam, qhov chaw uas cov pejxeem loj hlob tsis tshee, tsom kev loj hlob zoo cov nuj nqis - kwv yees li 1000 inhabitants ib xyoo. Nyob rau hauv ib qho era ntawm restructuring, raws li zoo raws li thoob plaws hauv lub teb chaws, ib tug tsis zoo sib twb pom nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam. Nws tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 2010, tus xov tooj maj pib loj hlob tuaj. Cov pejxeem ceev nyob rau hauv lub Leningrad cheeb tsam ntawm lub caij yog 21,2 neeg ib square kilometer. Qhov no 45 qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Russia los ntawm 85 tau. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ceev yog pom nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg tsam, rau sab hnub tuaj ib feem ntawm cov kev kawm ntawm tus kawg populated.

haiv neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg

Nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub "haiv neeg" ntawm lub Leningrad cheeb tsam yog analyzed tsuas txij li thaum 1959. Thaum lub sij hawm no, lub cheeb tsam yog twb tag Russified, lub sij hawm ntawm kuj zoo kawg haiv neeg muaj ntau haiv neeg yuav ploj mus. Nyob rau nruab nrab, thaum lub sij hawm lub Soviet lub sij hawm nrog cov neeg nyob ntawm lub cheeb tsam hais txog 90% ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab pejxeem. Nyob rau hauv lub 2000s, qhov no daim duab poob me ntsis - mus 86%, tej zaum vim tuaj mus ua hauj lwm rau cov neeg ntawm Central Asia. Qhov thib ob siab tshaj plaws pes tsawg tus yog Ukrainian - 1.8%, nyob rau hauv peb - Belarusians (nyob ib ncig ntawm 1%), ces mus rau pawg me me ntawm txawv haiv neeg tej pawg: Tatar, Armenian, Uzbeks Azerbaijanis Finns, etc ...

Polo muaj hnub nyoog qauv

Leningrad cheeb tsam, uas nws cov pejxeem uas nws ua tau zoo yog nyob ze rau zoo xws li cov yam ntxwv nyob rau hauv lwm cov cheeb tsam, raws li hnub nyoog thiab pw ua ke tsis cov neeg nyob yog hais txog mus rau lub hom ntawm cov laus. Tus nab npawb ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv kev ua hauj lwm uas muaj hnub nyoog yog hais txog 16%, thiab cov neeg ua hauj lwm muaj hnub nyoog - txog 23%. Vim lub fact tias cov me nyuam yug tus nqi tsis tau them rau qhov no sib txawv, peb yuav hais tias lub zeem muag rau lub rejuvenation ntawm cov pejxeem yog tseem muaj zog heev. Pw ua ke faib nyob rau hauv lub Leningrad cheeb tsam kuj feem ntau coincides nrog lub ncauj ke nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Tus nab npawb ntawm cov poj niam ntau dua cov txiv neej nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm 1.2. Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg laus muaj txij nkawm (55%), thiab cov poj ntsuam yog 5 lub sij hawm loj tshaj widowers. Ua liaj ua teb tseem loj dua cov poj niam li cov txiv neej.

demographics

Fertility - qhov tseem ceeb tshaj demographic qhov taw qhia, uas qhia tau hais tias cov neeg kawm ntawv txoj kev vam meej nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam. Social kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub Leningrad cheeb tsam - qhov teeb meem hnub. Cov yam Committee sau ntawv tias txij li thaum 2011 cov me nyuam yug nyob rau hauv tus nqi lawv ib ncig yog loj hlob, albeit heev me me npaum li cas ntawm txog 2 1,000 tus inhabitants. Tab sis, raws li forecasts ntawm sociologists, cov me nyuam yug tus nqi yuav tsis kam me ntsis nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej.

Qhov thib ob qho tseem ceeb heev daim duab - lub neej ntiaj teb no tus nqi. Rau ob peb lub xyoo nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 21st nyob rau hauv lub Leningrad cheeb tsam cim yuav txo tau nyob rau hauv lub neej no. Tab sis nyob rau hauv 2014 rov pib nce tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg tuag, thiab nws yuav tsum hais tias qhov no sib yuav ntxiv nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no 5 xyoos. Yog li, muaj nyob rau hauv lub Leningrad cheeb tsam yog ib yam poob nyob rau hauv cov pejxeem, txog 5 cov neeg rau txhua txhua txhiab inhabitants. Tsiv teb tsaws kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los muaj ntau zog, sociologists nco ntsoov tias los ib tug ntau ntawm cov poj niam uas nyuam lub hnub nyoog, nws muab kev cia siab hais tias qhov teeb meem no yuav ua kom sai nrog fertility. Qhov loj tshaj plaws qhov chaw ntawm migrants - Ukraine, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova. Sociologists twv seb ib tug me ntsis txo nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib vim muaj teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub zog ua lag luam.

Lub neej expectancy - peb tseem ceeb tshaj plaws txog kev paub rau lub thaj ntawm lub cheeb tsam. Raws li tej yam uas sawv nrog nws nyob rau hauv qhov suav hais tias kev kawm ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab Federation? Nruab nrab lub neej expectancy nyob rau hauv lub Leningrad cheeb tsam yog 70,2 xyoo: cov poj niam nyob txog 75 xyoo, cov txiv neej - 64 xyoo.

Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv no hais tias lub Leningrad cheeb tsam, qhov chaw uas cov pejxeem yog laus maj haum rau hauv lub zuag qhia tag nrho Lavxias teb sab sib. Thaj av tseem tsis tau mus rau ib tug tsim tus hluas zog tuaj ntaus, thiab muaj ntau ntau yam socio-economic yog vim li cas.

muab faib rau cov pejxeem

Niaj hnub no, cov pejxeem ntawm Leningrad cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv lub zos. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Statistics, lub nroog muaj ib tug pej xeem ntawm 1.142.400 neeg, thiab nyob deb nroog - 636,5 txhiab tus neeg. Ib tug loj ib feem ntawm cov pejxeem settles ze rau St. Petersburg, qhov twg koj yuav nrhiav tau ib tug zoo dua them txoj hauj lwm. Tib neeg settlements nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam, los ntawm Lavxias teb sab qauv, yog mas me me nyob rau hauv loj. Nyob rau hauv lub Leningrad cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov 31 lub zos, nrog rau ib tug pej xeem ntawm ntau tshaj 10 txhiab tus neeg, thiab tsis muaj qhov twg ntau tshaj 100 txhiab neeg nyob tau sau npe.

ua hauj lwm

Raws li kev tiv thaiv kev pab, nyob rau hauv 2016 kev ua hauj lwm ntawm lub Leningrad cheeb tsam yog nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm lub tag nrho-Lavxias teb sab nuj nqis, tab sis muaj cov sib txawv. Nyiaj Poob Hauj Lwm yog 4.6 feem pua, uas yog me ntsis qis tshaj nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Muaj txoj hau kev hais tias qhov no daim duab nyob rau hauv lub nyob ze yav tom ntej yuav sawv mus rau 5.1% vim rau tus economic teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws.

Kev ua hauj lwm cov qauv yog raws li nram no: 21% ntawm cov pejxeem ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv raug, luam muaj 11% ntawm lub cheeb tsam, 9% nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho thiab thauj, 8% - nyob rau hauv kev kawm ntawv, thiab 7% nyob rau hauv kev kho mob thiab ua liaj ua teb. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub qauv ntawm kev ua hauj lwm raws nkaus Ii mus rau lub nruab nrab rau cov Lavxias teb sab indices, tab sis lub thaj av ntawd yog underdeveloped hospitality kev lag luam, uas yuav ua rau kom lub xov tooj ntawm cov hauj lwm.