Limited-plam txawv: yuav ua li cas nws ua hauj lwm?

Lub sij hawm "differential xauv" los yog "limited-plam txawv" (samoblok), hnov los ntawm ntau cov neeg tsav tsheb, tab sis yuav ua li cas cov txheej txheem zoo li nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, tsuas muaj ib tug ob peb paub. Thiab yog hais tias ua ntej xws li ib tug "kev xaiv" automakers tau nruab feem ntau SUVs, tam sim no nws muaj peev xwm yuav nrhiav tau thiab nws yog ib lub nroog tsheb. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, feem ntau tus tswv ntawm lub tsheb tsis txawm peem rau nrog samoblokami, paub hais tias cov kev pab cuam uas lawv coj, nruab rau koj tus kheej.

Tab sis ua ntej peb nrog cov ua hauj lwm ntawm ib tug tsawg plam txawv, nws yog tsim nyog los nkag siab txog yuav ua li cas nws tso cai tsis thaiv cov hlab.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub differential

Txawv (diff) yuav rightly yuav ntshai ua ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab ntsiab ntawm lub tsheb drivetrain tsim. Nrog nws, muaj ib tug hloov lwm lub tsev, cov kev hloov thiab lub tsev ntawm engine torque outputted ntawm ib tug khub ntawm tau txais kev pab: log nyob rau ntawm ib axis ntawm lub tshuab los yog nruab nrab ntawm nws axles. Ntxiv mus quab yuam faib zog txaus tej zaum yuav txawv thaum tsim nyog, thiab chaw pib cov kev ceev ntawm lub log - sib txawv.

Lub tsheb differential kis tau tus mob yuav tsum teev: ib tsev nyob rear qag, MIV thiab nyob rau hauv lub hloov lwm lub tsev ntaub ntawv, nyob ntawm seb tus tsav ntaus ntawv (s).

Cov diffs, uas yog mounted nyob rau hauv tus choj los yog PPC, hu ua interwheel, thiab cov uas yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub axes ntawm lub tshuab, feem - ACD.

Purpose differential

Raws li yog tus paub zoo tias, lub tsheb thaum tsav tsheb ua ntau yam maneuvers: lem, rebuilding, overtaking, etc. Ntxiv thiab, txoj kev nto tej zaum yuav muaj irregularities, uas txhais tau tias cov tsheb log nyob rau qhov teeb meem no, rau ntawm ib qho thiab tib lub sij hawm tau .. dhau txawv mus. Yog li ntawd, piv txwv li, thaum ntawm tej kaum tsev, yog hais tias tus ceev ntawm lub log nyob rau hauv lub qag yuav tsum yog tib yam, ib tug ntawm lawv yuav inevitably npleem, uas ua rau ceev coj ntawm cov log tsheb. Tab sis qhov no yog tsis yog qhov phem tshaj. Heev npaum li cas yog qhov tseeb hais tias lub tsheb yog zoo heev txo tuav.

Qhov ntawd yog yuav kom daws tej teeb meem thiab tuaj mus nrog differential - ib tug mechanism uas yuav redistribute lub zog los ntawm lub engine, nruab nrab ntawm lub tsheb axles nyob rau hauv raws li cov nqi ntawm cov dov kuj: tus me nws yog, qhov ntau dua log ceev, thiab vice versa.

lub differential

Niaj hnub no, muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm ntau yam diff, thiab tus dais no yog theej nyuab. Txawm li cas los, cov ntsiab cai yog tib yam ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug tag nrho, ces nws yuav yooj yim rau to taub yuav tau xav txog qhov nyuaj hom - ib qhib txawv, uas muaj cov nram qab no hais:

1. Zog mounted rau cov qag ncej.
2. Tsav (nplhaib) iav, tsim raws li ib tug truncated lub khob hliav qab.
3. Pinion tsau mus rau lub xaus ntawm lub tsav ncej, uas ua ke nrog lub nplhaib ntaub ntawv lub ntsiab kis tau tus mob. Txij li thaum lub tsav iav loj lead, lub tom kawg yuav tau ua ib tug ob peb lem ib ncig ntawm nws axis ua ntej lub crown yog ua los ntawm ib tug. Yog li ntawd, ob tug differential caij thiaj li tau nyiaj ntawm lub zog (ceev), uas nws thiaj li nce mus txog rau hauv lub log.
4. Satellites, uas tsim lub ntiaj chaw iav mechanism uas plays ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev muab cov tsim nyog sib txawv nyob rau hauv lub log ceev.
5. Housing.

Yuav ua li cas puas muaj tus differential

Thaum lub sij hawm ncaj tsav tsheb nws semi-axis, uas txhais tau tias lub log tig nyob rau tib lub ceev raws li tus tsav ncej nrog nws helical iav. Tab sis, thaum tig mus rau ib tug load rau hauv lub log yuav sib txawv (ib tug ntawm lawv yog ua rau saws sai), thiab vim rau qhov cov sib txawv zam satellites. Tam sim no, lub cav fais fab kis tau los ntawm lawv, raws li tau zoo raws li ib tug khub ntawm satellites - nyias, ywj siab iav, ces kis tau mus rau txawv semiaxes coob ceev. Yog li, lub hwj chim generated los ntawm cov cav faib nruab nrab ntawm lub log, tab sis unevenly, thiab nyob rau hauv lub load kuj rau lawv: dab tsi tsiv nyob rau hauv txheej voos kheej-kheej, kev tsawg dov kuj, ces tus differential hau rau nws ntau zog, spinning sai.

Qhov txawv yog yuav ua li cas tus ntoo khaub lig-qag thiab inter-qag txawv, muaj yog: lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov lag luam zoo ib yam li, tsuas yog nyob rau hauv thawj cov ntaub ntawv, lub tsev ntawm lub zog yog raws kev coj kom lub axis ntawm lub tsheb, thaum lub sij hawm thib ob - mus nws log rau tib qag.

Qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm interaxle differential yuav tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hnov thaum lub sij hawm lub zog ntawm lub tshuab rau ntxhib struts thaum nws hnyav presses rau lub qag, uas yog tsawg dua lwm yam, rau piv txwv, upward los yog downward.

differential teeb meem

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov differential yuav yeej ua si ib tug loj luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm lub tsheb, nws ua hauj lwm tej zaum kuj tsim teeb meem rau tus neeg tsav tsheb. Namely, thaum ib tug log yog rau ib tug nplua kev seem (av, dej khov los yog daus), cov lwm yam nyob rau ntawm ib qho nyuaj av, pib muaj kev ib tug nce load, diff los yog sim ntuas no, lub cav redirects zog nyob rau hauv ib tug mus log. Yog li, nws zoo nkaus li uas nws tau txais nyiaj pab ntau tshaj kev sib hloov, thaum lub lwm yam, muaj ib tug nruj tuav rau hauv av, tsuas tshua nyob ruaj ruaj.

Tus ntawd yog nws rau hauv kev daws ntawm cov teeb meem no yog invented xauv (lov tes taw) cov differential.

Thaiv cov hlab txoj ntsiab cai thiab nws cov hom

Nkag siab txog cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov differential, peb yuav xaus hais tias yog koj thaiv nws, nws yuav ua rau kom lub torque rau hauv lub log los yog qag uas muaj zoo tuav. Qhov no yuav ua tau thaum koj muab nws nrog rau lub cev ntawm ib tug ntawm ob semi-axes, los yog kom tsis txhob sib hloov ntawm lub satellite.

Lub xauv yuav ua tau tiav - raws li ib feem ntawm cov differential yog kev cob cog rua rigidly. Nws yog feem ntau nqa tawm los ntawm txhais tau tias ntawm tus aub clutch thiab yog tswj los ntawm tus neeg tsav tsheb los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb Actuator ntawm lub tsheb cab. Los yog tej zaum nws yuav ib nrab, nyob rau hauv uas cov ntaub ntawv rau hauv lub log yog kis tau xwb ib tug tsawg siab - yog li sau ib tug tsawg-plam txawv, uas tib neeg muab kev koom tes yuav tsum tau.

Yuav ua li cas puas muaj tus txwv-plam txawv

Self-txhav tas txawv, yeej tseem zoo sawv cev rau ib tug nruab nrab ntawm cov tag nrho thiab dawb thaiv Diffie thiab thiaj li lub ris hauv qab ntawm cov log tsheb ntawm lub tshuab nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm qhov sib txawv nruab nrab ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv lub coefficient ntawm coupling nrog rau hauv av. Yog li, ho khees me ntsis ntxiv rau, off-txoj kev tuav, thiab dynamic acceleration ntawm lub tsheb, txawm yog yus txoj kev zoo.

Samoblok excludes tag nrho cov log xauv uas tiv thaiv cov ib nrab-line ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb loads uas yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub differentials nrog yuam shutdown.

Xauv nrog semi-txiav pib dua yog hais tias tus rectilinear tsab ntawv tsa suab lub log ceev yog leveled.

Feem ntau hom samoblokov

Disc samoblok - ib tug txheej ntawm kev sib txhuam (muab tshuaj ntxuav) disks mounted ntawm lub vaj tse Diffie thiab sab zog.

Yuav kom to taub li cas nws ua hauj lwm nrog cov differential unit, nws yog ib qho yooj yim: raws li lub tshuab ntswg nyob rau hauv ib tug ncaj kab, lub vaj tse Diffie thiab ob semiaxes swirling ua ke sai li sai tau raws li muaj ib tug sib txawv ntawm kev sib hloov speeds (log tau txais nyob rau slippery feem) ntawm lub disks txhuam tshwm sim, kom txhob muaj nws. Uas yog, lub log tseg rau lub zog hauv av, tseem yuav tig thiab yuav tsis tso tseg, raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm free differential.

Khov coupling, los yog lwm yam khov coupling, raws li zoo raws li yav dhau los diff muaj ob disc set, tsuas lub sij hawm no perforated tsim ntawm lawv tus kheej nrog ib tug me me kis. Ib tug ntawm cov disks muaj ib tug tuav nrog cov vaj tse, rau lwm yam - nrog rau cov tsav ncej.

Cov discs yog muab tso rau hauv ib lub taub ntim uas muaj cov silicone kua, uas rau niaj hnub zoo li kev sib hloov los ntawm tseem unchanged. Thaum lub inter-pob zoo nkaus li txawv nyob rau hauv ceev, cov kua pib nkoog sai thiab ntseeg tau. Ntawm perforated chaw kuj tshwm sim. Dhau untwist pob li braked thiab cov kev ceev ntawm kev sib hloov raws.

Ib tug iav (helical, cab) samoblok. Nws ua hauj lwm yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub peev xwm ntawm lub cab khub riving thiab yog li thaiv cov ib nrab-line nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm lawv qhov txawv nyob rau hauv torque.

Cam samoblok. Yuav kom to taub li cas ib tug txawv ntawm lub hom qhia ib tug sufficiently qhib txawv, nyob rau hauv uas tsis txhob siv lub planetary iav mechanism mounted zog (cam) ntawm tus khub. Lub cams yog rotated (dhia) thaum lub log speeds cov suab zoo tib yam thiab rigidly xauv (wedged) sai li sai tau raws li ib co ntawm lawv pib npleem.

Qhov txawv yog yuav ua li cas lub chaw differential xauv thiab tus ntoo khaub lig-qag, tsis muaj - lag luam yog tib yam, differing xwb nyob rau hauv lub kawg cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv thawj cov ntaub ntawv - ob choj, nyob rau hauv lub thib ob - ob lub log mounted rau tib axis.

Patriotic "Niva" thiab nws cov differentials

Nyob rau hauv txoj kab ntawm domestic Vaz "Niva" muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw: nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lawv cov "cov txheeb ze" nyob rau lub conveyor siv, qhov no tshuab yog txawm peem rau nrog plaub-log tsav yog tsis hloov tawm.

Nyob rau hauv cov kis vazovskaya SUV yog peb differential: tus ntoo khaub lig-qag - nyob rau hauv txhua choj, thiab interaxle - nyob rau hauv razdatke. Nyob rau hauv cov kev phem ntawm thiaj li muaj ntau yam, kom to taub dua yuav ua li cas khiav lag luam yog cov differentials rau lub "Cornfield", yog tsis tsim nyog. Tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev raws li tau piav saum toj no. Hais tias yog, thaum lub sij hawm ncaj-line zog ntawm lub tshuab, nyob rau hauv lub qhaj ntawv ntawm probuksovok hauv lub log, traction ntawm tusyees faib thiab muaj nqi. Thaum ib co ntawm cov log pib npleem, tag nrho cov zog ntawm lub cav, dhau los ntawm lub diffs, nws yog xa mus rau qhov no log.

Txhav Tas differentials "Niva"

Ua ntej peb yuav tham txog yuav ua li cas khiav lag luam yog cov differential xauv rau hauv lub "Cornfield", peb yuav tsum nco ntsoov ib tug tshaj plaws, namely hais lub zog ntawm cov pem hauv ntej (me me) lis cov hloov mus rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv.

Ib txhia cov neeg tsav tsheb ntseeg tau hais tias nrog kev pab los ntawm lub tshuab yog muab rau pem hauv ntej-log tsav - nws tsis yog li ntawd: rau pem hauv ntej thiab nram qab-log tsav nyob rau hauv lub "Niva" yeej ib txwm muab kev koom tes, thiab qhov no cwj mem yog nqa tawm differential tswj ntawv. Hais tias yog, kom txog thaum uas nws yog ntsia nyob rau hauv lub "pem hauv ntej" txoj hauj lwm, lub differential yog kev khiav hauj lwm txhua zaus, thiab thaum twg lub "rov qab" - xiam oob qhab.

Tam sim no ncaj qha rau thaiv cov hlab: thaum switching tawm shafts ntawm lub differential hloov cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug kaw lub tes tsho, li no forcibly aligning lawv kev sib hloov ceev, i.e. lub neej coj kev ceev ntawm lub log pem hauv ntej qag yog sib npaug zos rau tag nrho cov rov qab iav. Faib tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub thrust kev taw qhia ntawm ntau dua kuj. Piv txwv lub rear log slips, Yog hais tias koj tig lub xauv, traction mus rau pem hauv ntej qag, cov log tsheb uas ncav us txog lub tsheb, tab sis yog nyob rau tib lub sij hawm zabuksuet rear thiab pem hauv ntej log, ces rau lawv tus kheej "Niva" yog tsis nce.

Kom tsis txhob no los ntawm tshwm sim, cov neeg tsav tsheb nyob rau hauv cov txuas hniav teem samobloki los pab rub cov jammed tshuab. Rau hnub tim, lub feem ntau nrov ntawm cov tswv ntawm "Niva" yog lub differential Nesterov.

Samoblok Nesterov

Qhov ntawd yog yuav ua li cas lub differential Nesterov, thiab yog tus daim card los ntawm nws muaj koob meej.

Difa tsim pub tsis tau tsuas yog rau optimally kho cov angular tshaj tawm ntawm lub tshuab log thaum ua maneuvers, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm probuksovok los yog dai log tsev muab nws ib tug tsawg heev npaum li cas ntawm lub hwj chim ntawm lub cav. Thiab samobloka lo lus teb rau hloov txoj kev mob instantly. Tsis tas li ntawd, Nesterova differential ho pab txoj kev tshuab tswj, txawm nyob rau slippery lem, tej tsav tsheb stability, tsav tsheb puab acceleration (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no), thiaj li roj noj. Ib tug ntaus installation tsis yuav tsum tau tej kev hloov mus rau tus tsim ntawm tus kis tau tus mob thiab yog teev nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev raws li tus classic differential.

Lub differential muaj lawm hos tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv automotive technology, nws muaj pov thawj yuav heev pab tau thiab tillers, yuav zoo heev pab txhawb lub neej ntawm nws cov tswv.

Txawv rau motoblock

Taug kev-qab tsheb laij teb - chav tsev yog heev hnyav, thiab tsuas tig yuav tsum tau ib tug ntau ntawm kev rau siab, thiab nyob lus angular log ceev nws yuav txawm ntau nyuaj. Yog li ntawd, tus tswv ntawm cov cav tov yog diffs twb tsis xam pom chiv tsim, purchase thiab nruab lawv koj tus kheej.

Yuav ua li cas puas differential motoblock? Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws tsuas yog muab ib qho yooj yim tig ntawm lub tshuab, siv ceev xwmphem ib tug ntawm cov log tsheb.

Nws lwm muaj nuj nqi yog nyob rau hauv tsis muaj txoj kev uas txuam nrog rau redistribution ntawm lub hwj chim - yog ua rau kom cov log puag. differential tsim muab rau nws siv raws li ib tug extension ntawm lub axes, uas ua rau qhov kev taug kev-qab tsheb laij teb ntau agile thiab resistant mus tipping lawm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum tej kaum tsev.

Nyob rau hauv luv luv, lub differential - ib yam dab tsi pab tau heev thiab indispensable, thiab nws cov xauv ntawm lub sij hawm tsub kom lub permeability ntawm lub tsheb.