Literature nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19 nyob rau hauv Russia, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov zajlus qhia

Literature nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19 nyob rau hauv Russia yog txuam nrog rau cov ceev ceev flowering ntawm kab lis kev cai. Pab txhawb zog thiab tseem ceeb keeb kwm dab yog thaws rov los nyob rau hauv lub tsis txawj tuag tej hauj lwm ntawm neeg sau ntawv thiab paj huam. Qhov tsab xov xwm no yog nplooj siab rau cov tswv cuab ntawm lub Golden muaj hnub nyoog ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv thiab lub ntsiab lus qhia ntawm lub sij hawm no.

keeb kwm cov txheej xwm

Literature nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19 nyob rau hauv Russia tau spawned xws zoo npe raws li Baratynsky, txiv, Zhukovsky, Lermontov, qhov tseeb, cov lus, Tiutchev. Thiab saum toj no tag nrho, Pushkin. Ze keeb kwm cov txheej xwm twb cim no lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab prose thiab paj huam tau tus thiab Patriotic ua tsov ua rog ntawm 1812, thiab txoj kev tuag ntawm cov poj Napoleon, thiab txij nkawm ntawm lub neej ntawm Byron. English kws sau paj lug, raws li zoo raws li lub Fabkis commander, tau ntev muaj cov minds ntawm tus revolutionary-minded neeg nyob rau hauv Russia. Lub revolt ntawm lub Decembrists thiab Lavxias teb sab-Turkish tsov ua rog, raws li zoo raws li lub suab ntawm lub Fabkis kiv puag ncig, mus faib nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov qhov chaw ntawm teb chaws Europe - tag nrho cov txheej xwm tau ua ib tug haib catalyst ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws tswv yim tswv yim.

Thaum nyob rau hauv Western teb chaws nqa tawm lub revolutionary zog pib muaj thiab tus ntsuj plig ntawm txoj kev ywj pheej thiab koob pheej ntawm lawv, Russia ntxiv dag zog rau nws cov monarchical lub hwj chim, executing cov Decembrists thiab suppressing lub uprising. Nws yuav tsis nyob twj ywm tsis muaj xim uas ntxias, sau ntawv thiab paj huam. Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm thaum ntxov 19th caug xyoo nyob rau hauv Russia - ib tug rog xav txog ntawm txoj kev xav thiab kev paub ntawm cov advanced strata ntawm cov haiv neeg.

classicism

Nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm no zoo nkauj to taub lub tswv yim zoo style, uas originated nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe, cov kab lis kev cai nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov XVIII caug xyoo. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm nws - nws yog rationalism thiab ua raws li kev cai nruj heev canons. Rov hais dua rau lub ancient cov ntaub ntawv thiab tej ntsiab cai ntawm Peb sawv daws yuav sib txawv thiab classicism ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 nyob rau hauv Russia. Literature, txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv no artistic style thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua pib coj lawv txoj haujlwm. Classicism maj hloov xws qhia raws li sentimentalism, Romanticism.

Master of artistic qhia pib tsim lawv tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tshiab lwm yam. Lawv los ua nrov tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm ib tug keeb kwm tshiab, ib tug romantic zaj dabneeg, txhiab, Ode, zaj paj huam, toj roob hauv pes, philosophical thiab kev hlub lyrics.

realism

Literature nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19 nyob rau hauv Russia yog feem ntau muaj kev txhawj xeeb nrog rau lub npe ntawm Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina. Los ze zog mus rau lub thirties nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm ib tug muaj zog txoj hauj lwm nyob tiag prose. Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias tus tsim ntawm no txawj zog nyob rau hauv Russia yog muaj npe tom qab Pushkin.

Journalism thiab satire

Ib co nta ntawm lub European kab lis kev cai ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua tau txais lub cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 nyob rau hauv Russia. Luv luv, koj yuav paub lub ntsiab nta ntawm lub paj huam thiab prose ntawm no lub sij hawm - satirical thiab journalistic. Tended portray tib neeg vices thiab weaknesses ntawm ib haiv neeg pom nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm neeg sau ntawv uas tsim lawv tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub forties. Nyob rau hauv phau ntawv thuam nws twb tom qab txiav txim txawj sib, nqa ua ke tus sau phau ntawv ntawm satirical thiab journalistic prose. "Ntuj lub tsev kawm ntawv" - yog lub npe ntawm no artistic style, uas yog tseem, txawm li cas los, tau hu ua ib tug "lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Gogol." Lwm yam neeg sawv cev ntawm no txawj txav - Nekrasov, Dal, Herzen, Turgenev.

thuam

Ideology ntawm "natural tsev kawm ntawv" pov thawj qhov critic Belinsky. Denouncing thiab eradicating vices tau ua tej ntsiab cai ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm no txawj zog. Ib tug yam ntxwv feature nyob rau hauv lawv cov chaw ua hauj lwm ua kev teeb meem. Major lwm yam - sau ntawv, kev sib raug zoo thiab puas siab puas ntsws tshiab thiab ib tug social zaj dabneeg.

Literature nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19 nyob rau hauv Russia tau hloov zuj zuj nyob rau hauv tus ntawm cov kev ua ub ntawm ntau yam koom haum ua teb. Nws yog nyob rau hauv thawj peb lub hlis twg ntawm no caug xyoo, muaj ib tug tseem ceeb sawv nyob rau hauv lub journalistic teb. Ib tug tej yam loj loj nyob rau hauv cov zajlus txheej txheem muaj Belinsky. Qhov no txiv neej muaj ib tug extraordinary peev xwm xav tias poetic khoom plig. Nws yog thawj tug uas paub txog cov txuj ci ntawm Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol, Turgenev, Dostoevsky.

Pushkin thiab Gogol

Literature 19-20 xyoo pua Russia yuav txawv heev, thiab yeej tsis yog li ntawd kaj tsis muaj cov ob tug sau phau ntawv. Lawv muaj ib tug zoo kawg li tej yam nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm prose. Thiab ntau yam ntawm lub ntsiab uas lawv tau nkag tau rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, los ua classical kev cai. Pushkin thiab Gogol tsis tau tsuas yog tsim xws li ib tug kev taw qhia raws li realism, tab sis kuj tsim ib hom tshuaj tshiab artistic yeej. Ib tug ntawm lawv - cov duab ntawm lub "me txiv neej", uas tom qab tau raug tsim tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab sau phau ntawv, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv txawv teb chaws tej ntaub ntawv, cov puas tawm thiab thib nees nkaum centuries.

Lermontov

Qhov no kws sau paj lug kuj muaj ib tug txiav txim cawv rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog ib lub creation ntawm xws li ib tug tshaj plaws raws li ib tug "hero ntawm lub sij hawm." Nrog nws lub teeb tes, nws tau ua tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv pej xeem lub neej. Lermontov kuj tau koom nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm lub hlwb tshiab.

Tag nrho lub sij hawm ntawm lub puas tawm xyoo, nto moo npe ntawm feemxyuam zoo personalities, uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv (ob prose thiab paj huam). Lavxias teb sab sau phau ntawv nyob rau hauv lub lig xyoo pua, coj tshaj txoj hauj lwm zoo ntawm ib co ntawm peb Western lug txhawb cov miv. Tab sis vim yog ib tug ntse dhia nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kab lis kev cai thiab kos duab rau ntawm Lavxias teb sab classical ntaub ntawv raws li ib tug tshwm sim nws los ua ib tug kev txiav txim ntawm magnitude ntau dua li cov ces Western teb chaws Europe. Lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Pushkin, Turgenev, Dostoevsky thiab Gogol los ua ib feem ntawm lub ntiaj teb no kab lis kev cai. Cov hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab sau ntawv tau los ua ib tug qauv, uas tso siab rau tom qab German, British thiab American sau phau ntawv.