Science News for KIDS: oxides, lawv faib thiab cov khoom

Oxides, lawv faib thiab cov khoom - yog lub hauv paus ntawm no tseem ceeb science, zoo li Science News for KIDS. Lawv pib kawm nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo ntawm kev qhia Science News for KIDS. Nyob rau hauv lub zog sciences xws li kev kawm txog zauv, physics thiab Science News for KIDS, tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv kev cob cog rua nrog txhua lwm yam, uas yog vim li cas undigested khoom entails ib tug tsis muaj kev nkag siab ntawm tus tshiab kev txiav txim. Nws yog yog li ntawd ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab txog cov kev kawm kom tiav thiab oxides nyob rau hauv nws next. Nyob rau qhov no peb yog cov uas muaj koj hnub no thiab yuav sim los tham nyob rau hauv ntau yam.

Yuav ua li cas yog gases?

Oxides, lawv faib thiab cov khoom - tias yog dab tsi koj yuav tsum to taub yog tseem ceeb heev. Yog li ntawd, dab tsi yog qhov oxides? Koj puas nco qab nws los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv?

Oxides (los yog oxyls) - yog complex tshuaj binary compound muaj atoms electronegative caij (tsawg electronegative tshaj lub oxygen) thiab cov pa nyob rau hauv lub oxidation xeev -2.

Oxides - nws yog incredibly ntau yam nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj chaw. Piv txwv ntawm oxidic tebchaw: dej, xeb, ib co colorants, xuab zeb thiab txawm carbon dioxide.

Cov tsim ntawm oxides

Oxides yuav tau nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev. oxide tsim kuj kawm ib science, zoo li Science News for KIDS. Oxides, lawv faib thiab cov khoom - tias yog dab tsi tus zaum yuav tsum tau paub kom to taub yuav ua li cas no los yog tias twb tsim oxide. Piv txwv li, lawv yuav tsum tau npaj kom txhij los ntawm ncaj qha kev txuas mus rau ib tug atom (los yog atoms) oxygen nrog cov tshuaj lub caij - cov kev sis raug zoo ntawm cov tshuaj hais. Txawm li cas los, muaj indirect tsim ntawm oxides, nws yog thaum lub oxides yog tsim los ntawm decomposition ntawm acids, ntsev los yog bases.

kev faib ntawm oxides

Oxides thiab lawv faib nyob rau yuav ua li cas lawv raug tsim. Nyob rau hauv nws cov kev faib ntawm tag nrho cov oxides raug muab faib ua ob pawg, tus thawj ntawm cov uas yog ntsev-txoj kev, thiab lub thib ob nesoleobrazuyuschie. Yog li ntawd, coj ib tug los ze zog saib ob pab pawg.

Ntsev-txoj kev oxides - nws yog ib tug loj heev pab pawg neeg, uas yog muab faib ua amphoteric los yog acidic thiab yooj yim oxides. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm tej tshuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, ntsev txoj kev oxides tsim ntsev. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, lub ntsev-txoj kev oxides xws li hlau thiab nonmetal ntsiab, uas yog ib tug ntawm cov tshuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog dej rau acids, tab sis reacting nrog bases rau rau coj acid thiab ntsev.

Nesoleobrazuyuschie oxides - xws oxides yog tias cov tshuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tsim ib lub ntsev. Piv txwv li oxides tej zaum yuav oxides ntawm nitrogen thiab cov pa roj carbon.

amphoteric oxides

Oxides, lawv faib thiab cov khoom - yog qho tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv Science News for KIDS tswv yim. Cov ntsev-txoj kev muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj xws li amphoteric oxides.

Amphoteric oxides - yog cov oxides uas yuav ua tau yooj yim los yog acidic zog, nyob ntawm seb tus mob ntawm tshuaj (exhibit amphoteric). Cov oxides yog tsim los ntawm txoj kev hloov co (tooj liab, silver, kub, hlau, ruthenium, tungsten, Rutherford, titanium, yttrium, thiab ntau lwm tus neeg). Amphoteric oxides hnov mob nrog muaj zog acids, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm ib yam tshuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, lawv tsim ntsev ntawm cov acids.

acid oxide

Acidic oxides los yog anhydrides - cov oxides nyob rau hauv tshuaj tshua uas muaj acid zog, thiab daim ntawv oxygen-muaj acid. Anhydrides yeej ib txwm tsim cov raug uas tsis yog-hlau li zoo li ib co kev hloov cov tshuaj hais.

Oxides, lawv faib thiab tshuaj zog - cov no yog cov tseem ceeb cov ntsiab lus. Piv txwv li, acidic oxides tshuaj zog txawv heev los ntawm amphoteric. Piv txwv li, yog hais tias tus anhydride reacts nrog dej rau coj acid (nrog rau cov kev zam ntawm SiO2 - silica). Lub anhydrides hnov mob nrog alkalis, thiab raws li ib tug ntawm xws li tshua tso dej thiab dej qab zib. Nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm lub ntsev nrog yooj yim oxides tsim.

yooj yim anhydride

Ntsiab (rau "pib") oxides - ib tug hlau oxide tshuaj ntsiab nrog oxidation lub xeev ntawm +1 los yog +2. Cov no muaj xws alkaline, alkaline ntiaj teb co, raws li zoo raws li ib tug tshuaj caij magnesium. Basic oxides yog txawv los ntawm lwm tus neeg nyob rau hauv uas lawv yuav tau mus hnov mob nrog acids.

Basic oxides hnov mob nrog acids, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau acidic oxides, thiab kuj nrog alkali, dej, lwm yam oxides. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj yog feem ntau ntsev yog tsim.

thaj chaw ntawm oxides

Yog hais tias koj nyeem cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm txawv oxides, yuav ua rau lawv tus kheej cov lus xaus hais txog dab tsi tshuaj zog oxyls muab tej txiaj ntsim. General tshuaj cov khoom teejtug uas tag nrho cov oxides lus dag kiag li nyob rau hauv lub redox txheej txheem.

Cuaj kaum, tag nrho cov oxides yog txawv los ntawm txhua lwm yam. Classification thiab thaj chaw ntawm oxides - lawv yog cov ob sib xyaw ntxhais.

Nesoleobrazuyuschie oxides thiab lawv tshuaj zog

Nesoleobrazuyuschie oxides - yog xws li ib tug pab pawg neeg ntawm oxides, uas tsis qhia tej acidic los yog yooj yim los yog amphoteric zog. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj tshua uas tsis muaj ntsev nesoleobrazuyuschimi oxides yog tsim. Yav tas los, cov oxides tsis hu nesoleobrazuyuschimi thiab indifferent thiab indiffirentnymi, tab sis cov no npe tsis sib tau zog nesoleobrazuyuschih oxides. Nyob rau hauv lawv lub zog no oxyls heev muaj peev xwm ntawm cov tshuaj tshua. Tab sis nesolebrazuyuschih oxide yog heev me me, lawv yog tsim los ntawm cov monovalent thiab divalent uas tsis yog-hlau.

Ntawm ntsev-txoj kev oxides nesoleobrazuyuschih oxides yuav tsum npaj kom txhij los ntawm ib tug tshuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

nomenclature

Zoo tag nrho cov oxides yog hu ua raws li nram no: lo lus "oxide", ua raws li los ntawm cov tshuaj lub npe nyob rau hauv lub genitive cov ntaub ntawv. Piv txwv li, Al2O3 - yog alumina. Nyob rau hauv no oxidizing tshuaj lus hais tias: txhuas txog 2 3. Ib txhia hais, xws li tooj liab, tej zaum yuav tsum tau ob peb degrees oksileniya, ntsig txog, oxides dhau lawm yuav tsum sib txawv. Ces CuO oxide - yog tooj liab oxide (ob tug), i.e. nrog ib tug degree oksileniya 2 thiab Cu2O oxide - yog tooj liab oxide (peb), uas muaj ib tug degree oksileniya 3.

Tab sis muaj lwm yam oxides ntawm no teem los ntawm tus xov tooj ntawm cov pa atoms nyob rau hauv lub compound. Monoxide monoxide los yog hu rau tej oxides, uas muaj tsuas yog ib cov pa atom. Dioxides hu xws oxyls, uas muaj ob oxygen atoms raws li qhia prefix "di". Trioxide hu xws oxides, uas muaj peb cov pa atoms. Tej npe raws li cov monoxide, dioxide thiab trioxide, tau ua lawm, tab sis yog feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv, cov phau ntawv thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv.

Muaj kuj yog li-hu ua tsis tseem ceeb npe oxides, uas yog, cov neeg uas tau tsim dabneeg. Piv txwv li, CO - yog oxidized los yog cov pa roj carbon monoxide, tab sis txawm chemists feem ntau xa mus rau raws li ib yam khoom nrog cov pa roj carbon monoxide.

Yog li ntawd oxide - ib tug compound ntawm oxygen nrog cov tshuaj lub caij. Cov yooj yim science uas kawm lawv tsim thiab sis, yog Science News for KIDS. Oxides, lawv faib thiab cov yam ntxwv - ib tug ob peb yam tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv qhov kev kawm ntawm Science News for KIDS, tsis paub hais tias koj yuav tsis to taub lwm yam. Oxides - nws yog gases, thiab minerals, thiab cov hmoov. Ib txhia oxides muaj nqis paub nyob rau hauv kom meej tsis tau tsuas yog zaum, tab sis kuj zoo tib yam neeg, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tej zaum lawv ho yuav txaus ntshai rau lub neej nyob rau lub ntiaj teb no. Oxides - no lub npe yog heev nthuav thiab yooj yim heev. Oxide tebchaw yog heev nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub.