Nitric oxide (I, II, III, IV, V): khoom, npaj, daim ntawv thov

kev taw qhia

Yog hais tias peb ua tib zoo saib cov nitrogen nyob rau hauv lub periodic rooj ntawm tshuaj ntsiab D. I. Mendeleeva, peb yuav pom tias nws muaj ib tug kuj tsis paub meej valence. Qhov no txhais tau tias cov nitrogen ntaub ntawv ob peb binary tebchaw nrog rau oxygen. Ib txhia ntawm lawv tau qhib ntev los no, thiab ib co - explored qhov ntev thiab qhov dav. Muaj tsis zoo ruaj khov thiab resistant nitrogen oxides. Cov tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm txhua tus ntawm cov tebchaw yog txawv heev, txawm li cas los nyob rau ntawm lawv txoj kev kawm yuav tsum tau kev raws li ntawm tsawg kawg yog tsib nitrogen oxides. Hais tias yog hais txog lawv thiab yuav tsum tau tham nyob rau hauv hnub no tus tsab xov xwm.

Nitric oxide (I)

Formula - N ₂ O. Tej zaum nws yuav hu oksonitridom nitrogen, dinitrogen oxide, cov pa roj nitrous oxide los yog lawv luag roj.

zog

Nyob rau hauv zoo tib yam tej yam kev mob uas muaj tuaj tsis muaj kob roj muaj ib tug qab zib tsis hnov tsw. Nws yuav yaj dej, ethanol, ether, thiab sulfuric acid. Yog hais tias gazobrazny oxide monovalent nitrogen sov rau chav tsev kub nyob rau hauv siab ntawm 40 atmospheres, nws condenses mus rau ib tug tsis muaj kob kua. Qhov no nesoleobrazuyuschy oxide decomposes thaum lub sij hawm ua cua sov thiab qhia nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv raws li ib tug txo neeg sawv cev.

txais tos

Qhov no oxide yog tsim thaum lub rhuab qhuav ammonium nitrate. Lwm txoj kev rau nws cov kev npaj - thermal decomposition ntawm sib tov "+ sulfamic nitric acid".

daim ntawv thov

Siv raws li ib tug lub tsheb rau nqus tau pa tshuaj loog, khoom noj khoom haus kev lag luam yeej paub no oxide li ib tug additive E942. Nrog nws kuj pab cov kev yam ntxwv ntawm Internal combustion xyaw.

Nitric oxide (II)

Formula - TSIS MUAJ. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen monoxide thiab nitrosyl radical

zog

Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob, nws muaj hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug tsis muaj kob pa uas yog tsis zoo soluble nyob rau hauv cov dej. Nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau liquefy, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub khoom thiab kua xeev, qhov no tshuaj muaj ib tug xiav xim. Qhov no oxide tej zaum yuav oxidized los ntawm atmospheric oxygen

txais tos

Nws zoo nkauj yooj yim kom tau, nws yuav tsum tau rhuab mus 1200-1300 ^{° C} ib tug sib tov ntawm nitrogen thiab cov pa. Nyob rau hauv laboratory tej yam kev mob, nws yog tsim raws li qhov tam sim ntawd ob peb thwmsim:

• Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm tooj liab thiab 30% nitric acid tshuaj.
• Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm ferric chloride, sodium nitrite thiab hydrochloric acid.
• Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov pa roj nitrous thiab hydriodic acids.

daim ntawv thov

Qhov no yog ib tug ntawm cov tshuaj los ntawm qhov uas cov nitric acid.

Nitric oxide (III)

Formula - N ₂ O _3. Tsis tas li ntawd, tej zaum nws yuav tsum tau hu ua cov pa roj nitrous anhydride thiab nitrogen sesquioxide.

zog

Nyob rau hauv ib txwm tej yam kev mob yog ib tug ua kua uas muaj ib tug xiav xim, raws li nyob rau hauv tus qauv - tsis muaj kob roj. Ntshiab oxide tshwm sim tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub khoom hauv lub xeev.

txais tos

Nws yog tsim los ntawm reacting 50% nitric acid thiab cov khoom oxide ntawm trivalent arsenic (nws yog tseem tau mus hloov cov hmoov txhuv nplej).

daim ntawv thov

Nrog rau qhov no cov ntaub ntawv uas nyob rau hauv txoj kev kuaj npaj cov pa roj nitrous acid thiab nws ntsev.

Nitric oxide (IV)

Formula - TSIS MUAJ _2. Tsis tas li ntawd, tej zaum nws yuav tsum tau hu ua los yog xim av nitrogen dioxide pa.

zog

Cov yav tas lub npe sau raws nkaus Ii ib tug ntawm nws cov khoom. Tom qab no oxide muaj hauv daim ntawv ntawm xim av los yog liab-yellowish roj los yog kua. Nws yog muaj reactivity.

txais tos

Qhov no oxide yog ua los ntawm reacting nitric acid thiab tooj liab, raws li zoo raws li thaum lub sij hawm lub thermal decomposition ntawm cov hmoov txhuas nitrate.

daim ntawv thov

Nrog nws ua sulfuric thiab nitric acid oxidized kua propellant thiab mixed explosives.

Nitric oxide (V)

Formula - N ₂ O _5. Nws yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub npe dinitrogen pentoxide, nitrate los yog nitrogen nitroila anhydride.

zog

Nws muaj hauv daim ntawv ntawm volatile thiab heev betsvetnyh muaju. Tej zaum lawv yuav melted ntawm ib tug kub ntawm 32,3 ^C.

txais tos

Qhov no oxide yog tsim los ntawm ob peb tshua:

• Lub cev qhuav dej ntawm nitric oxide ntawm pentavalent phosphorus acid.
• Transmittance qhuav tshuaj tshaj nyiaj nitrate.
• Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm ozone nrog nitric oxide tetravalent.

daim ntawv thov

Vim hais tias ntawm nws cov huab instability nyob rau hauv nws cov ntshiab daim ntawv yog tsis siv.

xaus

Nyob rau hauv Science News for KIDS, muaj cuaj ntawm nitrogen oxides, lub saum toj no tsuas yog classic sib txuas ntawm no caij. Tus lwm yam plaub - nws yog, raws li twb tau hais, tsis ruaj tsis khov tshuaj. Txawm li cas los, tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog koom los ntawm ib tug feature - siab toxicity. Emissions ntawm nitrogen oxides nyob rau hauv cov cua ua rau lub deterioration ntawm kev noj qab nyob nyob ze muaj tshuaj nroj tsuag neeg. Lom cov tsos mob nyob rau hauv ib yam ntawm cov tshuaj - toxic pulmonary edema, disturbance ntawm lub hauv paus poob siab system thiab ntshav poob, qhov ua rau ntawm uas - cov thwj toob ntawm hemoglobin. Yog li ntawd nrog rau cov oxides ntawm nitrogen yuav tsum muaj leej twg ua tib zoo, thiab nyob rau hauv Feem ntau siv tiv thaiv cov khoom.