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Lub categorical imperative - lub ntsiab qeb ntawm Kant lub ethics

Emanu-es Kant - German philosopher ntawm lub XVIII xyoo pua, uas nws ua hauj lwm muaj revolutionized ces uas twb muaj lawm kev tshawb xav ntawm kev txawj ntse thiab kev cai lij choj, kev ncajncees thiab zoo nkauj, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv tus tib neeg lub duab kos tau tshwm. Lub hauv paus tswv yim ntawm nws philosophical koom kev tshawb xav - qhov categorical imperative.

Nws yog qhia tawm nyob rau hauv nws yuav tsum muaj philosophical ua hauj lwm "soj ntsuas ntaub ntawv ntawm Tswv yim vim li cas". Kant criticizes morality, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv utilitarian kev txaus siab thiab cov kev cai ntawm qhov, tus caum qab ntawm koj tus kheej zoo thiab Library, instincts thiab txawv txoj kev xav. Tej morality nws suav hais tias tsis muaj tseeb, vim hais tias ib tug txiv neej uas zoo kawg nkaus mastered tej profession thiab li loj hlob tau, tej zaum yuav, txawm li cas los, nws yog kiag li tsis dawb huv.

Kant lub categorical imperative (los ntawm lub Latin «imperativus» -. Imperious) - nws yog ib lub yuav uas siab nyiam qhov zoo rau lub hom phiaj ntawm zoo, thiab tsis yog rau lub hom phiaj ntawm ib yam dab tsi lwm tus, thiab muaj ib lub hom phiaj nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej. Kant hais tias ib tug yuav tsum ua li ntawd, hais tias nws txiav txim yuav ua txoj cai rau tag nrho cov noob neej. Tsuas nrees perceivable ncaj ncees luag hauj lwm rau nws tus kheej lub siab yuav ua rau kom coj lub neej dawb. Qhov no lub luag hauj lwm raws li tag nrho ib ntus thiab lwm cov kev xav tau thiab kev txaus siab.

Categorical imperative txawv los ntawm lub ntuj txoj cai uas tsis yog lub txheej thiab puab compulsion "free self-constraint." Yog hais tias cov sab nraud cov nuj nqis - yog raws li lub xeev txoj cai lij choj thiab kev mloog lus rau cov kev cai ntawm qhov, ces mus koom tseem ceeb xwb "domestic cai".

Lub koom ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm Kant - ib tug categorical, uncompromising thiab tsis. Moral luag hauj lwm yuav tsum tau ua raws li lossi, yeej ib txwm thiab qhov txhia chaw, tsis hais txog ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim. Cov kev ncaj ncees kev cai lij choj rau Kant, yuav tsum tsis txhob raug yuam los ntawm tej yam sab nraud lub hom phiaj. Yog hais tias tus qub Ethics pragmatic tau-oriented, cov kev pab cuam uas yuav coj, los yog cov cai, Kant hu kiag tso tseg tshwm sim. Nyob rau lwm cov tes, philosopher yuav tsum tau nruj txoj kev xav thiab excludes tej reconciliation ntawm zoo thiab kev phem, los yog ib txhia intermediate ntaub ntawv ntawm lawv, thiab nyob rau hauv lub cim los yog nyob rau hauv nws ua tsis tau duality, tus ciam ntawm virtue thiab vice yuav tsum muaj tseeb, tej, ruaj khov. Morality nyob rau hauv Kant txuas nrog lub tswv yim ntawm cov saum ntuj los, thiab nws categorical imperative nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus nyob ze rau qhov hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev ntseeg: ib haiv neeg qhov twg morality dominates sensual lub neej, yog lub siab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev ntseeg, cov theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm noob neej. Kant muab qhov no zoo tagnrho empirically nrig txog kev pom daim ntawv. Nyob rau hauv nws reflections rau ethics, raws li zoo raws li txog cov nom tswv system, nws muaj lub tswv yim ntawm "nyob mus ib txhis nyob kaj siab lug", uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv nyiaj txiag unreasonableness ua tsov ua rog thiab nws cov kev cai lij choj txwv tsis pub.

Georg Hegel, German philosopher ntawm lub XIX xyoo pua, raug mob loj heev thuam ntawm lub categorical imperative, pom nws tsis muaj zog yog hais tias nws yog nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb deprived ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab lus: lub luag hauj lwm yog tsim nyog ua raws li lub hom phiaj ntawm luag hauj lwm, thiab zoo li cas no cov nuj nqis yog tsis paub. Nyob rau hauv Kant tus system, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua cas qhia kom meej thiab txhais tau nws.

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