Lub npe ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntseeg. Nyob ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntseeg

Holiness - nws yog lub plawv dawb huv, nrhiav uncreated divine zog manifested nyob rau hauv lub txiaj ntsim ntawm tus Ntsuj Plig Dawb Huv ua ib pawg ntawm cov dawb lias rays nyob rau hauv lub hnub ci spectrum. Pious ascetics yog cov kev txuas ntawm cov hauv ntiajteb no lub ntiaj teb no thiab saum ntuj ceeb tsheej lub nceeg vaj. Imbued nrog rau lub teeb ntawm Vajtswv txoj kev tshav ntuj, lawv, los ntawm lub contemplation ntawm Vajtswv thiab nrog Vajtswv, paub ntau dua ntawm sab ntsuj plig mysteries. Nyob rau hauv ntiajteb no lub neej dawb huv, ua lub feat ntawm nws tus kheej-tsis kam muab rau lub hom phiaj ntawm tus Tswv, tau txais ntau dua txoj kev tshav ntuj ntawm Vajtswv txoj kev tshwm sim. Raws li phau npaiv npaum qhia, kev dawb huv - ib tug yam ntxwv ntawm tus txiv neej rau Vajtswv, uas yog ib tug hluas cab kuj zoo kawg nkaus lub neej thiab nws cov cim qhov chaw.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub Canonization

Lub tsev teev ntuj txoj kev chargeability ntawm cov neeg ncaj ncees ntawm cov neeg ntseeg no yog hu ua Canonization. Nws txhawb cov ntseeg nyeem ib tug paub tias neeg dawb huv nyob rau hauv pej xeem pe hawm Vajtswv. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm piety precedes paub txog lub teb chaws lub yeeb koob thiab yawm, tab sis nws yog ua los ntawm Canonization tso cai rau muab yeeb koob rau tus dawb huv creation ntawm icons, sau ntawv lub neej, muab tso ua ke ntawm tej lus thov thiab lub tsev teev ntuj kev pab. Yog vim li cas rau cov hauj lwm Canonization yuav ua neeg ncaj ncees puav pheej, tsim lawv zoo kawg deeds, nws lub neej los yog raug luag muab tua. Thiab tom qab kev tuag ntawm ib tug neeg muaj peev xwm yuav paub raws li ib tug neeg dawb huv vim hais tias ntawm nws imperishable relics, los yog originating los ntawm qhov seem ntawm nws txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho neeg mob.

Nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim hais tias ib tug neeg dawb huv yog Revered nyob rau hauv tib lub tuam tsev, lub nroog los yog lub monastery, hais diocesan, lub zos Canonization.

Nws yeej pom tau tias official lub tsev teev ntuj thiab lub hav zoov ntawm cov tsis paub hais tias cov neeg ntseeg paub piety uas yog tseem tsis tau paub mus rau tag nrho lub koom txoos. Lawv hu ua cov Revered tuag ncaj ncees thiab pab lawv mus rau lub memorial kev pab cuam, thaum lub sij hawm canonized ntseeg molebens.

Uas yog vim li cas lub npe ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntseeg, mus rau leej twg nyob tswm seeb hauv ib diocese, tej zaum yuav sib txawv thiab tsis paub tias yuav parishioners ntawm lub zos.

Leej twg yog canonized nyob rau hauv Russia

Kev Txom Nyem Russia tau generated ntau tshaj li ib txhiab martyrs thiab martyrs. Tag nrho cov npe ntawm cov neeg Lavxias teb sab teb chaws ntawm cov neeg ntseeg uas raug canonized, yog muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia hnub, los yog mesyatseslov. Classing lub xwb officially ib tug neeg dawb huv Ameslikas muaj Kiev, thiab tom qab ntawd Moscow, tsam. Tus thawj Canonization twb preceded los ntawm cov exhumation ntawm qhov seem ntawm tus neeg ncaj ncees los ua ib tug txuj ci tseem ceeb rau lawv. Nyob rau hauv lub 11-16 centuries tau tshwm sim burial princes Boris thiab Gleb, Princess Olga, Feodosiya Pecherskogo.

Txij li thaum lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, thaum Metropolitan Macarius, txoj cai canonize ntseeg kis mus rau lub tsev teev ntuj council nyob rau Primate. Unquestioned cai muaj nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm 600 xyoo ntawm orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj, paub tseeb hais tias los ntawm heev heev Lavxias teb sab ntseeg. Daim ntawv teev cov npe ntawm cov neeg ncaj ncees tau yeeb koob Makarii cathedral twb sau tis npe 39 dawb huv pious ntseeg.

Byzantine txoj cai Canonization

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th Lavxias teb sab Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj succumbed rau tus ntawm ancient Byzantine cai ntawm Canonization. Thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm, canonized, feem ntau cov pov thawj, vim hais tias lawv muaj ib tug lub tsev teev ntuj hauv san. Tsis tas li ntawd chargeability yuav tsum tau txais cov tub txib nqa txoj kev ntseeg, thiab associates qhov kev siv ntawm tshiab lub koom txoos thiab monasteries. Thiab qhov yuav tsum tau rau cov creation ntawm txuj ci tseem ceeb tau poob nws qhov tseeb. Yog li ntawd nws twb canonized 150 ntseeg, mas los ntawm cov monks thiab lub siab txiv plig thiab lub Koom Txoos Calendar npe tshiab tuaj koom lub Lavxias teb sab Orthodox ntseeg.

Lub weakening ntawm tus ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj

Nyob rau hauv lub 18-19 centuries tau tsuas yog txoj cai canonize tus Vaj Synod. Qhov no lub sij hawm yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug txo nyob rau hauv cov kev ua ntawm lub Koom Txoos thiab lub weakening ntawm nws cov cawv nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo dab. Ua ntej nce toj mus rau lub zwm txwv ntawm Nicholas II coj qhov chaw tsuas yog plaub Canonization. Thaum lub sij hawm luv luv reign ntawm lub Romanovs cov ntseeg tau ranked xya ntseeg, thiab daim ntawv qhia hnub muaj ntxiv tshiab npe ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntseeg.

Los ntawm thaum ntxov xyoo pua 20th, tau mus daim qhia hnub hli ntawm cov zos paub thiab Lavxias teb sab ntseeg, daim ntawv teev cov npe uas yog complemented los ntawm ib daim ntawv teev cov tau ncaim mus Orthodox ntseeg, mus rau leej twg lub memorial kev pab tau tshwm sim.

Hnub no lub Canonization

Pib ntawm cov niaj hnub lub sij hawm ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm canonizations, ua los ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj yuav suav hais tias muaj nyob rau hauv 1917-18 zos Council, uas raug canonized ntseeg universally venerated Lavxias teb sab ntseeg Sophrony Yauxej ntawm Irkutsk thiab Astrakhan. Ces, nyob rau hauv 1970, yog canonized peb cleric - German Alyaskinsky, Nyiv, Archbishop thiab tsam ntawm Moscow thiab Kolomna dawb huv.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm lub xyoo txhiab of Christianity Russia dhau tshiab Canonization, uas tau pom zoo raws li pious Xenia ntawm Petersburg, Dmitry Donskoy thiab lwm yam, uas tsis tshua tau paub, Lavxias teb sab Orthodox ntseeg.

"Raws li cov martyrs 'Nyob rau hauv 2000 lub hnub tseem ceeb Council ntawm Tus npis sov, uas tau canonized Tsar Nicholas II thiab cov muaj koob muaj npe tsev neeg ntawm cov Romanovs.

Thawj Canonization ntawm Lavxias teb sab Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj

Lub npe ntawm cov thawj Lavxias teb sab ntseeg uas raug canonized Tsam John nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 11th., Rais los ua ib lub cim ntawm txoj kev ntseeg tseeb, tshiab khiv cai raus dej cov neeg, rau tag nrho cov kev txaus sab ntawm Orthodox kev cai. Princes Boris thiab Gleb, cov tub huabtais Vladimira Svyatoslavicha, tom qab lub Canonization yog thawj saum ntuj ceeb tsheej defenders ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntseeg. Boris thiab Gleb raug tua los ntawm nws tus tij laug nyob rau hauv lub internecine tawm tsam rau lub zwm txwv ntawm Kiev nyob rau hauv 1015 Pes tsawg feem. Peb yeej paub hais ntawm lub tswv yim npaj los, nrog Christian txo hwj chim lawv txais txoj kev tuag rau lub hom phiaj ntawm autocracy thiab nws cov neeg sib haum xeeb ntawm siab.

Princes veneration yog ntawm ib tug loj cim ua ntej lub Vocabulary ntawm lawv dawb huv los ntawm cov nom lub tsev teev ntuj. Tom qab lub Canonization ntawm lub hwj chim ntawm cov kwv tij twb pom incorrupt thiab yog lub ancient Lavxias teb sab neeg kho txuj ci tseem ceeb. Thiab ascending mus rau lub zwm txwv ntawm lub tshiab rulers ua lub pilgrimage rau tus dawb huv relics nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm foom koob hmoov rau ib tug ncaj ncees reign, thiab kev pab nyob rau hauv feats ntawm caj npab. Hnub ntawm Remembrance ntawm Tsoom Haiv Neeg Ntseeg Boris thiab Gleb lom rau Lub Xya hli ntuj 24th.

Tsim ntawm Lavxias teb sab dawb huv kwv ua tij

Raws li tom qab Boris thiab Gleb raws li ib tug neeg dawb huv twb canonized Theodosius Pechersky. Qhov thib ob solemn Canonization, nyob Lavxias teb sab lub tsev teev ntuj coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv 1108. Theodosius suav hais tias yog leej txiv ntawm Lavxias teb sab monasticism thiab tsim, ua ke nrog nws saib Anthony, lub Kiev-Pechersk Monastery. Xib Fwb thiab tus menyuam kawm ntawv tsom ob tug sib txawv txoj kev ntawm monastic mloog lus - ib tug mob loj heev asceticism, renunciation ntawm tag nrho cov worldly yam, thiab rau lwm yam - lub kev txo hwj chim thiab tswv yim zoo txhim rau Vajtswv lub yeeb koob.

Nyob rau hauv lub qhov tsua hauv lub Kiev-Pechersk monastery, kev coj tus kheej cov npe ntawm cov founders, lub relics ntawm 118 novices ntawm lub monastery, uas nyob ua ntej thiab tom qab lub Tatar-Mongol quab. Canonized lawv tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv 1643, xeeb ib tug tag nrho cov kev pab, thiab nyob rau hauv 1762 lub npe ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntseeg raug kaw nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia hnub.

Reverend Abraham Smolensky

Hais txog cov neeg ncaj ncees pre-Mongol lub sij hawm, heev me ntsis yog paub. Avraamiy Smolensky, ib tug ntawm ob peb cov neeg ntseeg tias lub sij hawm, uas dim ncauj lus kom ntxaws biography, tso ua ke los ntawm nws tus menyuam kawm ntawv. Abraham ntev Revered nyob rau hauv nws hometown ua ntej nws Canonization Makarii cathedral nyob rau hauv 1549. Distributing rau cov neeg txom nyem txhua yam ntawm nws tej khoom vaj tse sab laug tom qab kev tuag ntawm ib tug neeg uas nplua nuj, lub thib kaum peb tus me nyuam ntawm tus Tswv vyproshenny xwb tub tom qab kaum ob tug ntxhais, Abraham nyob rau hauv kev txom nyem, kev thov Vajtswv rau txoj kev cawm seej thaum lub sij hawm lub Xeem txiav txim. Shorn ib tug hauj sam, nws twb luam kev cai dab qhuas cov phau ntawv thiab icons pleev xim rau. Reverend Abraham qhab nia rau nrog txuag Smolensk los ntawm yawm qhuav.

Lub nto moo tshaj plaws cov npe ntawm cov neeg ntseeg ntawm Lavxias teb sab av

Nyob rau hauv tib ua tsis taus pa nrog lub aforementioned Boris thiab Gleb, ib tug tshwj xeeb lub cim ntawm Lavxias teb sab Orthodoxy, yog tsis muaj tsis tseem ceeb cov npe ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab ntseeg, los ua tus patron ntawm tag nrho cov tib neeg los ntawm nws pab rau lub Koom Txoos txoj kev koom tes nyob rau hauv pej xeem lub neej.

Tom qab liberation ntawm lub Mongol tus ntawm Lavxias teb sab monasticism pom lub hom phiaj ntawm enlightenment ntawm cov teb chaws, raws li tau zoo raws li qhov kev siv ntawm tshiab monasteries thiab lub tuam tsev nyob rau hauv lub uninhabited sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj lub xeev. Qhov tseem ceeb daim duab ntawm lub zog yog St. Sergiy Radonezhsky. Rau bogoposlushnogo tus kheej cell nws ua nyob rau hauv toj Makovec, qhov twg nws tom qab ua lub Trinity-Sergius Lavra. Maj mam, Sergei pib mus koom cov neeg ncaj ncees, inspired los ntawm nws tej lus qhia, uas coj mus rau hauv lub tsim ntawm monastic cloister, nyob rau hauv lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm lawv tus kheej txhais tes, tsis pub rau cov pluag ntawm lub siab ntseeg. Sergius nws tus kheej ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub vaj, qhov chaw kawm ib qho piv txwv rau peb cov kwvtij tib neeg beings. Cov menyuam kawm ntawv ntawm Sergiya Radonezhskogo ua tau 40 monasteries thoob plaws Russia.

St. Sergiy Radonezhsky nqa lub tswv yim ntawm godly kev txo hwj chim tsis yog tsuas yog neeg zoo tib yam tab sis kuj qhov kev txiav txim cov neeg tseem ceeb. Raws li ib tug keej politician, nws pab mus rau kev koom ua ke ntawm Lavxias teb sab principalities, lub rulers ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau mus hais tau tus cohesion dynasties thiab disparate av.

Dmitry Donskoy

Great veneration ntawm Sergiy Radonezhsky enjoyed ntawm Lavxias teb sab None canonized, Dmitriya Ivanovicha Donskogo. Nws Sergius foom koob hmoov rau cov tub rog engineered los ntawm cov vampires nyob rau hauv lub Dmitriem Donskim Kulikov sib ntaus sib tua, tab sis rau Vajtswv yug tau xa nws ob tug novices.

Ua Duke nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov thaum yau, nyob rau hauv lub affairs ntawm lub xeev, Dmitry mloog lub tswv yim Tsam Alexy, fervor mus rau lub unification ntawm Lavxias teb sab principalities nyob ib ncig ntawm Moscow. Tsis yeej ib txwm, tus txheej txheem no coj qhov chaw peacefully. Qhov twg quab yuam, thiab qhov chaw uas tau sib yuav (nyob rau hauv Suzdal Princess) Dmitry Ivanovich Koom nrog cov puag ncig teb chaws rau Moscow, qhov uas nws ua tus thawj Kremlin.

Nws Dmitry Donskoy yog tus founder ntawm ib tug nom tswv zog, aims ntawm kev koom ua ke ntawm Lavxias teb sab principalities nyob ib ncig ntawm Moscow los tsim kom tau ib tug haib tshaj lub xeev nrog ib tug nom tswv (los ntawm cov khans ntawm lub Golden Horde) thiab ideological (los ntawm cov Byzantine lub tsev teev ntuj) kev ywj pheej. Nyob rau hauv 2002, nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm cov neeg pej xeem tub huabtais Dmitry Donskoy thiab Sergius ntawm Radonezh yog tsim los pab los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim "Rau Service mus rau lub Fatherland", siab underscores ntawm qhov tob ntawm tej yam ntawm cov keeb kwm cov nuj nqis nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm Lavxias teb sab statehood. Cov Lavxias teb sab dawb huv cov txiv neej Radel rau lub noj qab haus huv, kev ywj pheej thiab kev thaj yeeb ntawm nws kuj zoo kawg lub teb chaws.

Ib sab (qib) Lavxias teb sab ntseeg

Tag nrho cov neeg ntseeg ntawm lub universal lub Koom Txoos yog sau ua ke nyob rau hauv cuaj choirs los yog cov qib ntawm cov yaj saub, cov thwj tim, cov neeg ntseeg, martyrs, martyr raug tua, confessors, disinterested, thiab foom koob hmoov rau cov neeg ruam.

Lavxias teb sab Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj txoj qhov sib txawv ntsej muag ntawm cov neeg ntseeg nyob rau hauv. Lavxias teb sab txiv neej dawb huv, vim keeb kwm tshwm sim, raug muab faib mus rau hauv lub nram qab no ibyam:

Princes. Tus thawj neeg ncaj ncees ntseeg paub los ntawm Lavxias teb sab lub tsev teev ntuj los ua princes Boris thiab Gleb. Lawv feat yog los txi nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm tus Lavxias teb sab neeg kev sib haum xeeb ntawm siab. Qhov no tus cwj pwm tau ua ib qho piv txwv rau tag nrho cov rulers ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm Yaroslava Mudrogo, thaum qhov tseeb yog paub hais tias lub hwj chim, nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm uas tus tub vaj ntxwv sacrificed. Faib qhov no nyob qib rau cov Thwj Tim (disseminators ntawm Vajtswv - cov ntxhais fuabtais Olga, nws tus tub xeeb ntxwv Vladimir, uas ua kevcai raus dej Russia), monks (princes, shorn ib tug haujsam) thiab mob siab rau (cov neeg raug civil strife, assassinations, tua neeg rau lawv txoj kev ntseeg).

Cov Monks. Yog li ntawd-hu ua cov neeg ntseeg uas tau xaiv thaum lub sij hawm lub neej ntawm monastic mloog lus (Antony thiab Theodosius Pechersky, Sergiy Radonezhsky, Iosif Volotsky, Serafim Sarovsky).

Tsoom Haiv Neeg Ntseeg - ntseeg, muaj ib tug lub tsev teev ntuj rite, rau peb xyaum? Nws tiv thaiv ntawm txoj kev ntseeg hauj lwm qhuab qhia kev coj dawb huv kis Christian lus qhuab qhia, lub tuam tsev (Nifont Novgorodsky, Stefan Permsky).

Ruam (blissful) - cov neeg ntseeg, hnav thaum lub sij hawm nws lub neej zoo li ntawm kev chim, tsis worldly nqi. Heev loj nyob qib ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntseeg, Iwj, feem ntau monks, xam tau tias yog tsis txaus monastic mloog lus. Lawv tshuav lub monastery, tawm hauv lub rags nyob rau hauv txoj kev ntawm zos thiab kev txom nyem privations (Vasiliy Blazhenny, St. Isaac cov Recluse, Xime-oos Palestinian, Xenia ntawm Petersburg).

Holy laymen thiab tus poj niam. Qhov no rite koom siab ua ke pom tau hais tias tus Vaj Ntsuj Child tua, renounced txoj kev nplua nuj ntawm lub laity, cov neeg ncaj ncees, differed tsis kawg txoj kev hlub rau cov neeg (Yulianiya Lazarevskaya, Artemy Verkola).

Nyob ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntseeg

Nyob ntawm cov neeg ntseeg - ib tug txawj ua hauj lwm, muaj cov keeb kwm, biographical thiab tej ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv cov neeg ncaj ncees, lub tsev teev ntuj canonized. Lub neej yog ib tug ntawm cov hiob txawj lwm yam. Nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawm kev sau ntawv thiab lub teb chaws, cov treatises tau tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntawv sau txog, ENCOM (eulogy), Martyrius (zaj lus tim khawv), Patericon. Style ntawm kev sau ntawv lub neej ntawm lub Byzantine, Roman thiab Western kev cai dab qhuas kev cai dab qhuas ho txawv. Rov qab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 4 lub tsev teev ntuj pib sib sau ua ke rau hauv lub Tsoom Haiv Neeg Ntseeg thiab lawv cov ntawv sau txog nyob rau hauv lub vaults, uas muaj ib tug daim ntawv qhia hnub saib nrog lub hnub ntawm koobtsheej uas nco txog qhov pious.

Nyob rau hauv Russia, lub neej yuav tshwm sim ua ke nrog cov me nyuam ntawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv los ntawm Byzantium rau Bulgarian thiab Serbian txhais ua ke mus rau hauv collections nyeem rau lub hlis - thiab daim qhia hnub hli ntawm cov neeg ntseeg nyob.

Twb tau nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 11th yog ib tug laudatory biography ntawm princes Boris thiab Gleb, qhov twg ib tug tsis paub sau ntawm lub neej - Lavxias teb sab. Lub npe ntawm cov neeg ntseeg pom tau hais tias los ntawm lub Koom Txoos thiab ntxiv mus rau lub daim ntawv qhia hnub. Nyob rau hauv lub 12th thiab 13th centuries, nrog rau cov monastic siab rau enlighten rau sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj ntawm Russia, thiab ib tug zuj zus tooj ntawm biographical tej hauj lwm. Lavxias teb sab sau ntawv tau nyeem thaum lub sij hawm lub Divine Liturgy, lub neej ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntseeg. Lub npe, daim ntawv teev cov uas tau raug lees paub tias los ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj rau qhuas, muaj tam sim no tau keeb kwm daim duab, thiab dawb huv deeds thiab txuj ci tseem ceeb tau tas lawm nyob rau hauv cov zajlus monument.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th muaj ib tug kev hloov ntawm style ntawm kev sau ntawv neej. Lub ntsiab xim tau them mus rau tus sau phau ntawv tsis yog cov ntaub ntawv, thiab keej artistic qhia, kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov zajlus lus, thiab muaj peev xwm mus nqa ntau impressive sib piv. Los ua lub npe hu keej xib hwb lub sij hawm. Piv txwv li, Epiphanius cov Wise, uas tau sau ib tiag tiag li lub neej ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntseeg, nws lub npe yog nto moo ntau rau tag nrho cov neeg - Stephen ntawm Perm thiab Sergiya Radonezhskogo.

Muaj ntau lub neej no yog ib qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog ib qho tseem ceeb keeb kwm cov txheej xwm. Cov ntawv sau txog ntawm Aleksandra Nevskogo, koj yuav kawm txog cov nom tswv kev sib raug zoo nrog cov Horde. Neej ntawm Boris thiab Gleb qhia rau ntawm princely feuds ua ntej lub unification ntawm Russia. Tsim ib phau ntawv sau thiab biographical tej hauj lwm ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj loj thiab txiav txim seb dab tsi npe ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntseeg, lawv deeds thiab virtues yuav ua cov feem ntau lug paub ntawm cov ncaj ncees.