Michal Kleofas Oginski: biography

Niaj hnub nimno Russia tsis yog tshwj xeeb kiv cua ntawm classical music. Tsis hais tias classical music yog heev nrov ntawm Lavxias teb sab cov neeg tuaj saib. Kom hloov lug paub thiab hlub los ntawm cov neeg ntawm classical music, txaus cov ntiv tes ntawm ib txhais tes.

Yog tsis muaj ib tug tsis ntseeg, qhov no xov tooj muaj xws li lub npe nrov "Polonaise Oginski" (tus thib ob lub npe - "Farewell rau lub Fatherland"), kev txhawb nqa los ntawm Michal Kleofas Oginski (duab nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm yog reproductions ntawm portraits ntawm lub composer).

Tus txiv neej thiab Polonaise

Lub tsev kawm ntawv music kawg nyob rau hauv lub Soviet thiab ces Lavxias teb sab nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv muab ntaub ntawv hais txog dab tsi lub npe nrov suab paj nruas masterpiece twb sau los ntawm Mihailom Kleofasom Oginskim thaum lub sij hawm nws farewell rau nws tus hlub teb koj chaw. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias nws twb yuam kom khiav tawm hauv teb chaws Poland tom qab lub infamous T. Kosciuszko uprising, nyob rau hauv uas lub composer tau, twb puas lawm. Bright, nplua nuj lub neej nyob ua txoj txheej xwm Michal Kleofas Oginski. Nthuav lus tseeb ntawm nws biography muaj teem tawm nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

Lub neej yog zoo li ib tug tshiab

Biography Mihaila Kleofasa Oginski yog tag nrho ntawm ib ce thiab downs, siab mob siab, floating tswv yim ntsuj plig thiab lub bitterness ntawm swb. Nws yog lub npe hu rau amazing keeb kwm fact: nyob rau hauv kev phem ntawm lub anti-Lavxias teb sab uprising ntawm cov kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv uas Mihail Kleofas Oginsky coj ib tug active ib feem, lub Russians tau yeej ib txwm empathized thiab sympathized nrog khaum, uas tshwm sim rau nws mus ua hauj lwm.

Tab sis kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub uprising devastated thiab cov me nyuam yug ntawm ib suab paj nruas masterpiece - tsuas yog ib rov ntawm lub exciting lub neej ntawm no amazing txiv neej. Lub neej txoj kev Mihaila Kleofasa Oginski tsa ib tug fascinating taug txuj kev nyuaj dab neeg. Nws yog zoo intertwined music, nom ua tswv thiab kev hlub.

Michal Kleofas Oginski: ib tug luv luv biography. keeb kwm

Lub neej yav tom ntej composer tau yug los rau 09/25/1765 th nyob ze Warsaw, nyob rau hauv lub qub txeeg qub tes Guzov Mazowieckie voivodship. Los ntawm cov keeb kwm Ahinskis princes tsis Tug. Lawv pog koob yawg koob Western historians hu Ruthenians (Belarusians, uas coj Catholicism). Yog li ntawd, tus neeg tshawb fawb ntseeg hais tias nws yuav tsim nyog rau lub npe tus neeg sau ntawm tus naas ej polonaise tsis hais "Michael" thiab "Michael." Hais composer npe tej zaum kuj ntseeg tsis ncaj ncees lawm: nws suab zoo li ib tug Polish version ntawm "Oginsky" nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab raws li ib tug mitigation kev xaiv nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm ib lo lus uas ploj lawm.

Princes Ahinskis twb ntxias hais tias thaum pib ntawm lawv cov caj ces mus rov qab mus rau lub tsev neeg ntawm cov Rurik. Tom tsev, lawv coj lawv cov siab yug txoj hauj lwm. Michal Kleofas Oginski rightly zoo siab rau lawv pog koob yawg koob: lawv yog cov tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv cov neeg pej xeem Duchy ntawm Lithuania, uas yog ib feem ntawm Rzeczpospolita nyob rau hauv senior txoj haujlwm. Nws tus yawg koob yog ib tug coj nyob rau hauv Vitebsk, thiab nws yawg thiab nws txiv taws lub Trakai Voivodeship. Txiv ntxawm ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej composer yog coj nyob rau hauv Vilna thiab cov poj Hetman ntawm Lithuania.

tsim

Txhua leej txhua tus nyob rau hauv Michael tsev neeg tau convinced tias tus tub hluas, zoo li nws kuj zoo kawg predecessors, npaj rau ib tug muaj kev vam meej kev nom kev tswv hauj lwm. Los ntawm ib tug thaum ntxov muaj hnub nyoog niam thiab txiv tej hom phiaj kev kawm thiab coj li ib tug tub, pom nws raws li ib tug yav tom ntej commander los yog ib tug statesman. qub qhia ntawm cov Austrian huab tais raug caw mus rau lub tsev neeg, ib tug ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws cov xib fwb nyob rau hauv teb chaws Europe.

Cov neeg uas xav to taub yuav ua li cas loj yog qhov kev npaj ntawm me me Oginski, koj yuav tsum paub hais tias los ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm xya nws txoj kev kawm zaug ntawd kub ntev li 16 teev. ib hnub twg. Cov niam txiv pom lub sij hawm los qhia rau nws tus tub suab paj nruag, thiab kho qhov no heev tiag. Tub instilled tsis tau tsuas yog cov qauv rau kev qhov kev ua si mus rau ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov suab paj nruas seev, tab sis kuj tau qhia suab paj nruag kev tshawb xav. Ironically, xib fwb Mihaila Oginskogo, ib tug ardent Polish patriot, yog tus composer O. Kozlovsky, uas tom qab sau lub suab paj nruag rau cov thawj zaj nkauj, qhuas tus Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman, "nroo yeej, resound! '.

pheej faav xeeb Minister

Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 19, M. Oginski yuav deputy mus rau lub Polish Sejm, thiab ces nws twb xa raws li ib tug ambassador ntawm lub Polish-Lithuanian tebchaws nyob rau hauv lub Netherlands thiab lub tebchaws United Kingdom. Nyob rau hauv nees nkaum-yim Oginski tau txais kev pab raws li Minister ntawm nyiaj txiag ntawm cov neeg pej xeem Duchy ntawm Lithuania.

Ib tug ci ntsa iab kev nom kev tswv hauj lwm txom nyem lub internal strife nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, raws li zoo raws li lub fact tias ib txhia qhov chaw ntawm lub tebchaws no, suav tau dabneeg tsiv mus rau ib tug muaj kev vam meej thiab muaj hwj chim cov neeg nyob ze - Russia, Austria thiab Prussia. Hluas politicians yuav tsum tau ua ib qho kev xaiv: nws tuaj koom cov neeg uas tsis xav kom muab tso nrog lub layouts, thiab los ua ib tug ntawm cov neeg koom nyob rau hauv lub anti-Lavxias teb sab uprising Tadeusha Kostyushko. Kev koom tes los ntawm cov tub ntxhais txhawb pab, nyob rau hauv no ntxeev siab yog tsis formal: investing lawv tus kheej nyiaj, Oginski tsim thiab arming unit nyob rau hauv 2,000 tus neeg, thiab tsis muaj kev vam meej, unrolls ib guerrilla nriaj tiv thaiv lub Lavxias teb sab ..

Kosciuszko uprising twb muab tso cia los ntawm pab tub rog ntawm Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman, Austria thiab Prussia. Kosciuszko nws tus kheej yog tej thiab Michal Oginski twb yuam kom khiav tawm.

Michal Kleofas Oginski: Polonaise

Nws yog nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm thiab zoo-paub daim music tau sau. Oginski yav tas los ntse combines kev nom kev tswv hauj lwm thiab suab paj nruas creativity. By lub sij hawm nws tus account yog twb loj daim ntawv teev ntawm daim music, tab sis tsis muaj leej twg ntawm lawv ua tsis tau tejyam kom rov hais dua txoj kev vam meej ntawm lub legendary polonaise.

kev puas tsuaj

Kosciuszko uprising muab rau hauv ib tug kev puas tsuaj rau teb chaws Poland. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, tom ntej no hwv division ntawm lub teb chaws zoo los ntawm hauv daim ntawv qhia ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, Oginski kuj poob tag nrho nws Estates. Tag nrho cov nyiaj thiab txawm hniav nyiaj hniav kub ob peb lawv siv rau lub koom haum ntawm lub uprising, mos txwv kev them nyiaj, riam phom thiab zaub mov tawm rog. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, Oginski twb tshuav tsis muaj kev txhais tau tias ntawm livelihood yog.

sib ntaus

Thaum lub sij hawm no, tus kheej lub neej Mihail Kleofasa Oginski tseem nyob rau lub verge ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Nws tus poj niam Isabella Michael tsis qhia nws tus txiv lub sentiments passionary sai tshuav nws thiab mus nyob nrog cov neeg txheeb ze. Oginski tau nyob ib leeg nkaum nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe, hloov qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw nyob thiab lub npe. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias muaj yog ib tug tiag tiag mus yos hav zoov rau nws. Lavxias teb sab muaj cai Oginski txuj ci raws li ib tug tub rog thiab diplomats tau menyuam lawm, nws ntsej muag lub tsev rau txim.

Kev npaj ntawm ib tug tshiab kev ntxeev siab

Sia mus thoob ntiajteb Oginski tau ntsib nrog Polish neeg txawv teb chaws, ua kom sib pab los ntawm cov revolutionary Fabkis tsoom fwv, hu ua lub Turkish sultan ib zaug dua pib ib tug tsov rog nrog Russia. Tiam sis tag nrho nws cov kev diplomatic ua tsis tau tejyam. Poland txoj hmoo tsis yog nthuav rau txawv teb chaws governments, unleash ib tug tshiab kev tsov kev rog nrog Russia lawv yuav tsis tau. Michal Oginski mas tsis tshua muaj sab sab thiab chim.

King ntawm cov Netherlands, qhov twg nws twb tau ib tug ambassador, muaj peev xwm mus sib nrog lub Prussian huab tais amnesty rau Oginski. Txoj cai tau tso cai nyob rau hauv Prussia. Nws coj nws rov sib ntsib nrog nws tus poj niam, ob tug tub - Tadeusz thiab Xavier. Tab sis nyob rau hauv 1801-m ob peb thaum kawg tsoo li. Tej zaum, Michael yuav tsis nco qab txog tias nws tus poj niam tshuav nws nyob rau hauv ib tug yooj yim lub sij hawm ntawd. Tej zaum nws tus poj niam pom tau hais tias nws tus txiv twb tsis hloov, thiab tej zaum yuav tau muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv ib tug tshiab kev nom kev tswv taug txuj kev nyuaj thiab siv nws rau tag nrho cov tsev neeg tau nyiaj dua.

hairpin khoov

Nyob rau hauv 1802-m tshiab Lavxias teb sab huab tais Alexander kuv tau tshaj tawm hais tias ib tug amnesty rau tag nrho cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub Kosciuszko uprising. Oginski tsis cia li tau tso cai rau txoj kev rov qab mus tsev, nws tau txais rov qab tag nrho lawv cov khoom.

Tej txoj kev tshav ntuj twb ua tau ua tsaug rau lub cawv rau cov tub ntxhais Lavxias teb sab huab tais Ncej Adas Czartoryski, tus nkag mus rau huab tais txoj kev entourage. Tub huabtais Oginski tam sim no yuav tsum tau txiav txim nyob rau hauv nws Zalessky qub txeeg qub tes nyob qhov twg lub qub txeeg qub tes ua tau los ntawm nws thiab pw lub tiaj ua si.

yuav dua lwm

Thaum 37 - lub hnub nyoog ntawm Mikhail Oginski yuav dua. Xaiv tub huabtais yuav tus poj ntsuam ntawm nws tau tas sim neej cov phooj ywg, suav Nagurskaya, 25-xyoo-laus Italian Maria Neri. Tub huabtais Oginski biographers qhia tias lub siab luv li cas nws tus poj niam yog tiag tiag rampant: nws yog tsis yooj yim sua rau suav tus xov tooj ntawm nws lovers. Nyob rau hauv no kev sib yuav yug plaub tug me nyuam - peb cov ntxhais thiab ib tug me nyuam tub, tiam sis tsuas yog nrog rau kev hwm rau ib qho ntawm lub Oginski tus ntxhais, Amelia, nws lub contemporaries tsis muaj xav phem cais tsis hais txog lub authenticity ntawm tus tub huabtais ntawm leej txiv. Xws li ib tug yus lub qe phem tus poj niam ntawm tus tub huabtais, txawm li cas los, tsis tiv thaiv lawv lub neej ntawd kub ntev li ntev li ntev raws 13 xyoo.

Rov qab mus rau nom tswv

Nyob rau hauv 1810 cov nom tswv cajceg ntawm Grodno thiab Vilna xeev Michal Oginski raug xa mus rau Lavxias teb sab Tsar Alexander kuv ua ib tug adviser rau hauv lub cheeb tsam. Cov candidacy ntawm cov qub ntxeev siab twb kev txhawb los ntawm Mihailom Kutuzovym. Yog li ntawd Michal Oginski rov qab mus rau nom ua tswv, ua ib tug Lavxias teb sab senator thiab nkag mus rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm cov neeg muab rau tus huab tais. Tub huabtais vam Alexander kuv qhia peb tes num ntawm creation ntawm cov neeg pej xeem Duchy nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman, mus cuag yam tsawg autonomy rau nws teb koj chaw. Tab sis tus huab tais ntawm peb tes num twb muab tso tseg.

tsis ntev los no xyoo

Nyob rau hauv 1817 Oginski pom tau hais tias nws yog nkees ntawm kev nom kev tswv. Nws twb tso tawm los ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Senator thiab rov qab los tsev. Rau ib tug thaum, tus tub huabtais nyob rau hauv nws qub txeeg qub tes, ces nyob rau hauv Warsaw thiab Vilna. Nws tsis yog ib tug disgrace - nyob rau hauv Russia nws yeej tsis reproached yav tag los.

Nyob rau hauv 1823 Oginski, uas nws noj qab haus huv tau qub, nws tsiv mus rau Florence. Ntawm no tus tub huabtais siv nws lub xeem xyoo. Politician thiab composer tuag nyob rau hauv Florence 15.10.1833 th. Tom qab nws tuag, muaj taug xaiv uas Oginski raug liam tua nrog ib tug dagger stabbed nyob rau hauv retaliation rau lub adventures ntawm tsausmuag hluas. Tab sis historians paub tseeb hais tias cov taug xaiv tsis. Michal Oginski yog faus nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj raug Kroche (Florence), nyob rau hauv lub Pantheon ntawm muaj koob personalities. Ntawm ib sab nws pw qhov seem ntawm Galileo Galilei, Niccolò Machiavelli, Michelangelo Buonarroti thiab George. Rossini.

Ib daim ntawv sau lawv cov suab paj nruas masterpiece - ib tug polonaise "Farewell rau motherland" - tseem fascinate lub siab lub ntsws ntawm listeners.

paub

Rau Russians, lub Polonaise Oginski yog ib qho ntawm feem nrov tunes. Nqe lus hais txog cov suab paj nruag Mihaila Kleofasa Oginski mas nuj nqis ntawm science, kos duab thiab kev nom kev tswv yuav sau ua ke raws li cov lus ntawm tsab ntawv ntawm Lavxias teb sab txawj sau ntawv F. V. Bulgarina: "Leej twg tsis paub Oginski polonaise?". Nyob rau hauv ib yam ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm tus poj Repin muaj xws kab hais txog cov composer: "Nws lub npe yog lub npe hu tag nrho cov tshaj Russia." Tseem ceeb tshaj, raws li historians thiab musicologists: polonaise sau contra Oginski, nws yog lub suab paj nruag rau reconcile winners thiab losers.

Great khoom thiab nws sau rau ob peb centuries, hmoog rau ntxias, sau ntawv, filmmakers. Tawg tsam ntawm immortal music suab li ringtones nyob rau hauv CellPhones siv nyob rau hauv feature films.

memoirs

Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias nws sau tau nws memoirs nyob rau hauv Fabkis Oginski. Neeg txhais lus biography Mihaila Kleofasa Oginski lub Belarusian lus twb nqa Raevskaya qub xib fwb, lub tsev kawm ntawv lub vaj (Molodechnenschina) Olga Romanovich nyob rau hauv 2011. Thawj diplomat memoirs thiab composer Mihaila Oginskogo nyob rau hauv Belarusian nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo luam tawm ib tug magazine Arche. Nyob rau hauv nws memoirs, yuav tsum vov lub sij hawm 1788-1794 xyoo kom txog thaum lub ncaim ntawm tub huabtais txawv teb chaws tom qab lub uprising twb crushed T. Kosciuszko.

Raws li muaj tim khawv los Ch. editor ntawm A. Pashkevich, memoirs ntawm lub zoo heev lis kev cai thiab socio-thoj daim duab M. K. Oginskogo, paub deb sab nraum Belarus, sau ib tug zoo txawj style, tsis muaj dryness, on qhov tsis tooj, tsiag ntawv los ntawm xub ntiag ntawm ntau lub neej qub lus. Puas muaj lawv zoo countryman yuav ntawm kev txaus siab tsis tau tsuas yog rau cov historians tab sis kuj mus rau ib tug dav pawg neeg, hais tias lub Belarusian publisher.