Mongolia (koom pheej): Capital attractions

Lub teb chaws yog nyob rau hauv lub plawv ntawm cov teb chaws Asia. Qhov no yog qhov chaw uas zoo heev ntawm lub dav steppes, xuab zeb dunes, loj heev toj siab, kev txom lub ntuj xiav thiab kub hnub. Zoo kawg li Mongolia muaj xav tsis thoob ntuj wealth.

Cov lus teb rau cov lus nug ntau txog qhov no zoo nkauj lub teb chaws yuav muaj nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm. Nyob rau hauv nws peb yuav qhia txog cov nom tswv system (Mongolia - ib tug koom pheej los yog monarchy); chaw nyob, cov pej xeem thiab ntau npaum li cas.

Muaj ntau nthuav tej yam uas yuav qhia rau tus ntev keeb kwm ntawm Mongolia. Nta ntawm ancient kev cai thiab kev lis kev cai yog mas thiab ntau yam.

lus qhia dav dav

Mongolia muaj ib tug tag nrho ntawm 250 hnub ntawm tshav ntuj ib xyoo.

Qhov no mysterious lub teb chaws, feem ntau hu ua "lub tebchaws ntawm lub ntuj xiav", yog tus birthplace ntawm tus poj conqueror Genghis Khan. Rocky roob, xiav pas dej, kev txom steppes thiab cov golden sands ntawm lub Gobi suab puam - zoo tag nrho Mongolian ntuj scenery. Muaj ntau ntau tug hauj temples, yog remarkably hospitable City nrog nws cov cim thiab txawv kab lis kev cai.

polity

Mongolia - ib tug koom pheej los yog ib lub xeev?

Qhov siab tshaj plaws PatientsÕ cai ntawm Mongolia - Great Hural (Parliament). Lub unicameral parliament muaj 76 cov neeg (ntawm lub Constitution) nrog cov cai rau plaub lub xyoos. Parliament yog raug xaiv los ntawm nrov pov ntawv tawm suab, lub ntsiab daim ntawv ntawm kev ua si uas yog kev sib kho uas zaum tsuas yog thaum muaj 2/3 los yog ntau tshaj ntawm tag nrho cov nws cov tswv cuab.

Cov powers ntawm lub parliament - lub tsim ntawm lub zoo tshaj plaws thawj txoj cai nyob rau hauv Mongolia (tsoom fwv taws los ntawm cov Prime Minister). Lub taub hau ntawm lub xeev yog cov thawj tswj hwm, uas muaj peev xwm yuav raug xaiv los ntawm Mongolian cov pej xeem uas tau mus txog lub hnub nyoog ntawm 45 rau ib lub sij hawm 4 xyoo (mob - ib tug mus tas qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw nyob nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm lub xeem 5 xyoo).

Raws li cov kevcai tswj, nyob rau hauv kev quab yuam txij li thaum 1992, Mongolia - ib tug parliamentary koom pheej. Main nom tswv ob tog: Neeg 's Revolutionary tog, lub ywj pheej Party, lub ywj pheej Party thiab kev cai dab qhuas zaub.

Kom txog rau thaum 1992, lub teb chaws hu ua tus Mongolian neeg 's koom pheej.

Nyob rau hauv 1991 nws tuaj rau lub hwj chim, lub ywj pheej Party nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm ib lub thaj yeeb kiv puag ncig. Txij li thaum 2009, lub teb chaws twb nqa tawm ntau kho.

thaj txoj hauj lwm

Qhov no lub teb chaws occupies ib feem ntawm Central Asia.

Mongolia - cov koom pheej, uas muaj tsis muaj hluav taws xob mus rau lub hiav txwv. Lub ciam teb yog Russia mus rau sab qaum teb, sab qab teb, sab hnub poob thiab sab hnub tuaj - nrog rau Tuam Tshoj. Tag nrho ntev ntawm Mongolia thaj tsam yog 8162 kilometers (nyob rau hauv t. H. 3485 km Russia).

Lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub xeev - 1 566 000 square kilometers.

Ib thaj nyuag koom pheej, Mongolia yog muab faib ua 21 qhov chaw (aimag), muaj raws ntawm me me administrative units - somoni. Nyob rau hauv lem, txhua somoni (tag nrho cov 342) muab faib los ntawm tus kab (brigade). Ib tug tag nrho ntawm 1539.

3 Mongolian nroog ntawm Erdenet, Darkhan thiab Choyr yog nyob rau hauv tus txheej xwm ntawm siv yooj yim units.

Gobi suab puam stretches nyob rau hauv yav qab teb Mongolia, bordering nrog rau Tuam Tshoj. Mongolian Altai roob stretches ntawm sab hnub poob ntawm lub xeev nyob rau hauv sab qab teb-sab hnub poob. Nws yog lub siab tshaj plaws ncov - ncov Khüiten Ncov (4374 meters).

Ob peb loj dej ntws los ntawm cov chaw uas zoo heev ntawm Mongolia, Onon, Selenga, Tesiyn Gol Kerulen, Khalkhin hom phiaj thiab lwm yam

capital

Ib tug zoo ancient nroog tag nrho ntawm monuments ntawm keeb kwm, muaj Mongolia (koom pheej). Cov peev ntawm Ulan Bator (Ulaanbaatar nyob rau hauv lub zos sau ntawv) muaj ntau tshaj li 1.3 million inhabitants. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias ntau lub sij hawm hauv lub capital ntawm cov koom pheej twb renamed thiab txav mus li.

Ulaanbaatar tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XVII (1639). Yav tas los tsis tau peev: URGO (1639-1706 xyoo), lawv Khuree (1706-1911 xyoo), Niyslel Khuree (los ntawm 1911 mus 1923.) Thiab Ulan Bator (1924).

Yav tas los rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub nroog yog ib tug Tug hauj monastery.

Pejxeem, lus

Mongolians ua li 85% ntawm tag nrho cov pejxeem, 7% - lub Kazakhs, ntau tshaj 4.5% - Durwood thiab ntau tshaj 3% - cov neeg sawv cev ntawm txawv haiv neeg tej pawg neeg. Thiab Mongolia yog lub tsev mus rau ntau tshaj 4 lab tus tib neeg ntawm Mongolian haiv neeg.

Tag nrho cov pejxeem thaum pib ntawm 2009 - hais txog 2.7 lab cov neeg.

Cov hauj lwm hom lus yog Mongolian (Uralic tsev neeg).

Ib me ntsis ntawm keeb kwm

Mongolia - koom pheej, nws kev lis kev cai thiab kev cai yog rooted nyob rau hauv cov pej xeem ntawm lub ancient cov neeg uas ib zaug inhabited lub ib ncig ntawm Central Asia.

Muaj ntau lis kev cai yog echoes ntawm ancient tug hauj thiab shamanistic rituals uas muaj ib tug kev cai dab qhuas lub hom phiaj thiab cov ntsiab lus thaum lub sij hawm twb poob. Txawm li cas los, ib co ritual kev ua yog tseem fwm los ntawm City.

Muaj ntau ntau superstitions thiab taboos uas muaj ib qho Central Esxias cov hauv paus hniav. Yog li ntawd, lawv yog cov tib yam thiab lub Buryats thiab Mongols.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias muaj ntau Mongolians tseem khaws thiab hwm lub ancient kev lis kev cai ntawm nomadic lub neej, thiab tam sim no lawv nyob rau hauv felt tents, thiab muaj nyob rau ntawm cov nuj nqis ntawm cov neeg ua zog tswj subsistence ua liaj ua teb.

Feem ntau, cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub Mongolian territories nyob ib lub sij hawm ntev dhau los, ntau txhiab xyoo dhau los. Los ntawm cov earliest prehistoric lub sij hawm, nws yog tswm nomads, tseg tsim ib tug ntau yam ntawm lub xeev confederation. Suav ua tus naas ej Great phab ntsa vim hais tias ntawm lub heev ancient Mongols.

Yuav ua li cas nws tag nrho cov pib?

Mongolian chieftain npe Temujin nyob rau hauv 1206 mas yuav kis tau lub title Genghis Khan thiab kov yeej ib tug xov tooj ntawm lub teb chaws thiab haiv neeg. Ntawd, muaj ib lub Mongol Empire. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm Genghis Khan, nws twb muab faib ua plaub Khanate. Thaum lub sij hawm, lub teb chaws raug nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm Kauslim rau hauv teb chaws Poland, thiab Vietnam nyob rau hauv sab qab teb rau Siberia nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb.

Txij li thaum lub XVI xyoo pua nyob rau hauv Mongolia pib kis Buddhism tom qab heev internecine kev tsov kev rog rau lub hwj chim thiab Tuam Tshoj tus ntxeem tau rog.

Mongolia twb tswj los ntawm Suav Qing dynasty kom txog rau thaum 1911.

Yog li ntawd, Mongolia - ib tug koom pheej los yog tsis?

MPR, thiab tus phooj ywg mus rau lub USSR, twb tsim nyob rau hauv 1924.

Thiab txij li thaum 1992, officially Mongolian neeg 's koom pheej hu ua Mongolia.

kev ntseeg

Mongolia - cov koom pheej, uas yog yeej los ntawm cov Mahayana Buddhism (94%), shamanism rau nws sab qaum teb thiab Islam (4%) - nyob rau sab hnub poob. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua lub teb chaws muaj ntau yam Tug hauj monasteries - ib ob peb puas, thiab hais txog 30% ntawm cov txiv neej pejxeem twb monks.

Nyob rau hauv Mongolia, lub anti-kev cai dab qhuas phiaj los nqis tes, zoo rhuav tshem cov zoo monasteries ntawm lub system tau deployed txij thaum lub thirties ntawm lub xyoo pua. Muaj ntau raug kaw, thiab ib co looted thiab rhuav tshem. Txawm li cas los, tom qab ib tug tej yam kev ywj pheej kho (90), txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm kev ntseeg twb tshaj tawm hais tias. Monasteries ib zaug dua pib cov kev ua ub. Nyob rau hauv Ulan Bator hnub no muaj txawm lub Koom Txoos Orthodox. Yus nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev ntseeg koom pheej ntawm Mongolia.

sights

Nyob rau hauv lub zoo ancient Mongolia dim ib tug lossis loj ntau yam ntawm cov cim archaeological thiab keeb kwm-architectural monuments. Nyob ze tus dej. Chultyn Gol muaj feem ancient Neolithic paintings nyob rau hauv cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm UNESCO.

Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub saum toj 10 zoo tshaj plaws Mongolian attractions yuav muaj xws li cov nram qab no:

- tus naas ej Tswb of Peace, nyob rau hauv Ulaanbaatar;

- Grand Mausoleum ntawm Sukhbaatar (kuj nyob rau hauv lub capital);

- Khan lub palace nrog zoo nkauj sculptures ntawm Tara (vajtswv poj niam) nyob rau hauv lub capital ntawm Mongolia ;

- Gandan Monastery.

kab lis kev cai

Mongolia - koom pheej, kev lig kev cai thiab cov kab lis kev cai uas yog nplua nuj thiab ntau yam. Nomads rau centuries wb lub deserts thiab steppes ntawm Central Asia, thiab khaws cia unchanged tej kev lis kev cai. Txhua Lub Xya hli ntuj nyob rau hauv Mongolia lom Nadd tsiab peb caug nrog tsoos Mongolian kev sib tw nyob rau hauv nees sib xeem khiav, tua hneev nti thiab kev sib ntaus los; lom kawg ntawm lub caij ntuj no thiab lub sij hawm tuaj txog lub sij hawm ntawm lub xyoo tshiab - kuj nrog cov kev sib tw.

Ntau yam festivals yog muaj nyob rau hauv Mongolia: Tua tsiaj eagles; Yak thiab camel.

Nyob rau hauv xaus, lub kev khwv nyiaj txiag

Mongolia kev lag kev luam dynamic txoj kev loj hlob thiab yog ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau pheej ciaj uas muag nyob rau hauv Northeast Asia, thiab yuav luag tag nrho cov tshaj cov teb chaws Asia-Pacific cheeb tsam.