Voronikhin kes duab vajtse Andrey Nikiforovich: biography, siv cov kev faib

Tseem ceeb Lavxias teb sab kws kes duab vajtse Andrey Nikiforovich Voronihin tau ua ib tug impressive pab mus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm domestic architecture. Nws ua tau los tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb daim duab ntawm St. Petersburg. Thiab lub neej nws tus kheej kes duab vajtse tsim nyog ntawm admiration thiab xav tsis thoob, muaj sawv serfdom mus rau lub tsev hais plaub, nws tseem muaj tseeb rau nws tus kheej thiab cov xwm.

Tsev Neeg thiab Cov Menyuam Yaus

A. N. Voronihin yug nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Tshiab Usolye Lub kaum hli ntuj 17, 1759 lub Perm xeev. Nws txiv yog ib tug serf ntawm Count A. S. Stroganova. Nyob rau hauv ntau tsis ntev los no lub sij hawm, kuv taug kev nyob ib ncig ntawm Petersburg lus xaiv hais tias Andrew yog lub txiaj ntsim ntawm ib tug extramarital yi nrog lub teb chaws Stroganoff Martha. Tab sis kes duab lub vajtse twb tsis dealt nrog cov ntawv no, thiab tag nrho nws cov txheeb ze categorically tsis kam no version. Alexander Stroganov lub sij hawm ntev yog tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm lub Academy of Arts nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, nyob rau hauv nws qub txeeg qub tes ib tug ntau yam ntawm arts and crafts tau tsim, muaj ob peb cob qhia. Nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm lawv, nyob rau hauv qhov kev ntawm icon painting, thiab kawm txog lub me ntsis Andrew, uas sai sai no tsom txuj ci rau nqus.

hu

Stroganov keenly cai lub txuj ci ntawm cov neeg thiab tsis ntev pom tus me nyuam tub muaj peev xwm mus rau av nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg. Yog li ntawd Andrew yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev ntawm Gavrila Yushkova Ilyinsky nyob rau hauv lub zos, nyob rau ntawm lub Tyskorskom monastery. Nyob rau hauv 1777 Stroganov xa ib tug me nyuam tub mus ntxiv nws kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Moscow, qhov twg Andrey Nikiforovich Voronihin kawm painting. Nws tau txais ib tug miniaturist kev txawj ntse, ces kawm foundations painting. Tab sis lub sij hawm no, txoj hmoo coj nws mus rau lub loj architects ntawm Moscow - V. I. Bazhenovym thiab M. F. Kazakovym. Nyob rau hauv lawv cov cawv Voronikhin xav nyob rau hauv architecture. Painting tseem yog ib tug hobby rau nws, thiab ntau lub sij hawm mus qhia lawv cov tswv yim nyob rau hauv architecture. Nyob rau hauv 1778 nws coj ib feem nyob rau hauv lub painting ntawm lub Trinity Lavra ntawm St. Sergius nyob rau hauv ib pab neeg nrog rau lwm cov Moscow masters.

xyoo ntawm txoj kev tshawb

Nyob rau hauv 1779, Suav Stroganov thauj Voronikhin nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, yog li ntawd nws yuav koom tiag nyob rau hauv cov kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm architecture. Nws muaj sia nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm Count, nws yog cov phooj ywg nrog nws tus tub Paul. Cov tub hluas ua ke ua ob peb mus ncig ua si rau Russia, mus saib Moscow, sab qab teb ntawm Russia, Ukraine, mus xyuas lub Dub hiav txwv tub tiv thaiv. Tag nrho cov lus ntawd kub ntev li tsib lub xyoos. Cov tub hluas tsis tshua muaj neeg los ze zog mus rau txhua lwm yam, koj yuav luag cov kwv tij. Lawv kev kawm ntawv tau raug txiav txim los ntawm Fabkis nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm Denis Diderot xib fwb - Zhilber Romm. Cov tub ntxhais hluas tau systematic paub nyob rau hauv keeb kwm, science, lej thiab hom lus. Tej kev kawm ntawv yog ib yam muaj nyob rau hauv Russia thaum lub sij hawm.

Nyob rau hauv 1786, Suav Stroganov muab Voronikhin serf nws txoj kev ywj pheej, thiab nws yog yuav luag zoo li ib tug tseem xa Pavel Alexandrovich thiab Zhilberom Rommom nyob rau hauv loj txawv teb chaws ncig saib, nqa tawm nrog nyiaj pab los ntawm Suav Stroganov. Qhov no txoj kev ntawm tau paub txog lub ntiaj teb no yog tseem ntse lub 18th caug xyoo. Andrew Voronikhin, uas nws biography yog zoo kev cob cog rua nrog lub tsev neeg Stroganov, nrog Paul mus xyuas lub teb chaws Yelemees, Switzerland, Fabkis. Muaj Voronikhin tau txais zoo kawg li paub txog architecture, nws ua tib zoo kawm qhov kev siv ntawm cov teb chaws Europe, nyob rau hauv kev lub sij hawm ntau devoted rau txoj kev tshawb no ntawm lub Pantheon nyob rau hauv Paris, puas tau ib tug ntau ntawm cov sketches.

revolutionary hluas

Yav tom ntej kes duab vajtse Voronikhin thiab suav Paul Stroganov etched nyob rau hauv Paris, qhov chaw uas nws kawm architecture, mechanics, zaj dabneeg. Muaj lawv pom lub Fabkis kiv puag ncig. Xib Fwb Zhilber Romm tub hluas ntxhais hluas yog ib tug active Republican thiab yuav kis tau rau lawv cov tswv yim Stroganov, thaum Voronikhin yog deb ntawm revolutionary cov txheej xwm, nws yog ntau fond ntawm cov kos duab. Nws siv ib tug ntau lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv cov tsev qiv ntawv, mus saib puas, thiab nyiam faj tim teb chaws style, thiab thaum kawg pom zoo los ntawm lub siab xav mus ua ib tug kws kes duab vajtse. Thiab Paul thiab Gilbert yog kev koom tes nyob rau hauv revolutionary kev ua ub no. Suav A. N. Stroganov ceev xav tau kev pab ntawm cov tub ntxhais cov neeg mus lawv teb chaws. Romm nyob rau hauv Paris, nws tau los ua ib tug ntawm cov revolutionary cov thawj coj, txawm tias ib tug ib feem ntawm lub convention, ua hauj lwm rau ib tug tshiab daim ntawv qhia hnub ntawm lub koom pheej. Tom qab ntawd, nws nrog rau lwm yam revolutionaries guillotined.

Tus thawj kauj ruam nyob rau hauv lub profession

Nyob rau hauv 1790, lub kes duab vajtse rov qab los rau St. Petersburg, thiab nws patron txiav txim siab hais tias nws yog npaj txhij rau loj ua hauj lwm, thiab tso siab rau nws yaj thiab muab nws palace, uas twb phem heev puas nyob rau hauv ib tug tua hluav taws. Ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub nce Voronikhin reconstruction. Cov hauj lwm them ib tug loj cheeb tsam, nws sau ib cov tsev qiv ntawv, ib daim duab gallery, chav, nkag nrog thiab thim ib mineral txee. Yav tas los baroque kho kom zoo nkauj, tsim los ntawm Rastrelli, kes duab lub vajtse ntawm kev hloov nyob rau hauv cov nruj classical style. Stroganoff yog txaus siab heev rau nws protégé. Voronikhin, siv uas txawv thoroughness, style thiab muaj pov thawj nws tus kheej raws li ib tug loj heev thiab txawj kes duab vajtse. Qhov no qhib txoj kev rau nws mus rau hauv lub profession.

ua ib tug tswv

Tom qab kawm tiav rau xyoo los ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Stroganov Palace, kes duab lub vajtse pib restructure Voronikhin vaj teeb rau cov dub dej, thiab ces mus rau tag lub tsev nyob rau hauv lub qub txeeg qub tes ntawm Gorodnya. Cov loj tej yaam num tau tso cai kes duab lub vajtse mus nrhiav kom tau lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv lawv ntaus tswv yim ntawm thaj architecture, nws acquires tswv yim kev txawj ntse thiab maj recruited kev muaj zog thiab kev cog qoob loo.

Rau colonnades tes num rau qhov imperial chaw nyob nyob rau hauv Peterhof Voronikhin nws tau txais lub npe ntawm academician ntawm architecture. Nyuam qhuav pib, nyob rau hauv 1797, nws twb muab tsub lub title ntawm academician ntawm foundations painting rau ib tug series ntawm nroog ua hauj lwm, nrog rau tej hauj lwm "pom lub gallery nyob rau hauv lub Stroganov Palace," "Hom Stroganov cottages", nyob rau hauv uas nws sib haum xeeb combines ob ntawm koj nyiam cov paj ntaub.

Stroganov Dacha nyob rau hauv Tshiab Zos, tsim Voronikhin los ua tus kawg kev siv ntawm cov thawj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv kes duab lub vajtse ua hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv lub tuam tsev no yog twb siab pom teev thiab lub zog ntawm txuj ci ntawm kes duab lub vajtse.

Kazan Cathedral

Nyob rau hauv 1799 nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg nws yog ib tug sib txeeb rau peb tes num ntawm Kazan Koom Txoos nyob rau Nevsky Prospect. Huab tais Paul kuv yeej xav mus saib nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab capital qauv, xws li cov nyob rau hauv grandeur ntawm St. Peter tus nyob rau hauv lub nroog Loos. Muaj ntau eminent architects xa lawv tej yaam num rau kev saib xyuas, tiam sis tseem yeej tus sib txeeb ib tug me ntsis-paub Andrew Voronikhin. Kazan Cathedral twb nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1801 thiab ua tau rau 10 lub xyoo. Peb tes num txuas ntxiv mus rau organically Palladian style, uas tsim nyob rau hauv Russia Charles Cameron. Voronikhin collaborated nrog cov kawm lus Askiv kws kes duab vajtse, thiab nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej rau nws nyob rau hauv imperial kev txiav txim. Ntshaw kev zoo sib thooj nrog lub tsev teev ntuj nyob rau hauv lub nroog Loos nce mus txog kes duab vajtse siv semicircular colonnade, uas yog qhia tawm nyob rau hauv Cov Neva. Grand qauv tau ua ib tug ntawm cov ntau thawj vaj tse nyob rau hauv Russia. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov ua hauj lwm rau nws cov creation nyuab cheeb tsam tsis ua hauj lwm, raws li zoo raws li tsis muaj nyiaj, uas yuav tsum tau tas li hloov nyob rau hauv lub finish ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj. Lub tsev teev ntuj twb tsa nyob rau hauv 1811, tib lub xyoo tus sau ntawm peb tes num twb tso lub Order ntawm St. Anne thiab txoj cai yuav tau txais ib cov nyiaj laus los ntawm lub xeev nyiaj.

Lub roob lub koom haum

Nyob rau hauv 1803 Voronikhin pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub thib ob feem ntau tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv nws lub neej project - lub tsev ntawm cov Mining lub koom haum. Alexander kuv muab ua ntej kes duab lub vajtse daunting ua hauj lwm - los ua ib tug qauv, nyob rau hauv uas neeg txawv teb chaws yuav txiav txim rau cov greatness ntawm Lavxias teb sab xeev. A. N. Voronihin tsim ib lub tsev nyob rau hauv koj nyiam Greek style, tab sis tsis ncaj qha luam ancient architecture, thiab los ua ib tug niaj hnub sawv cev txog nws. Grand portico nrog txhua muab lub tsev ib tug tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb thiab greatness. Txhawb lub tswv yim rau ob tug loj sculptural pab pawg neeg "Hercules thiab Antaeus" thiab "Rape ntawm Proserpine" Lavxias teb sab sculptors. Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub tuam tsev no yog embodied nyob rau hauv nws zoo tshaj plaws nta. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau sab nrauv tsim Voronikhin domestic tsev kho kom zoo nkauj, muab tseem ceeb heev rau kev nthuav dav. Lub majestic tsev nrog Doric txhua sib haum xeeb ua kom tiav muaj pes tsawg leeg Vasileostrovsky promenade thiab muab lub xub ntiag ntawm lub scale ntawm lub caij ntuj no Palace yam. Ua ib ncua portico yog ib qho ntawm feem txawv txawv architectural ntsiab ntawm nws lub sij hawm.

Petersburg chaw nyob Voronikhin

Nyob rau hauv thaum uas tig mus nrog ua hauj lwm rau lub Kazan Cathedral kes duab vajtse Voronikhin ua ob peb tej yaam num nyob rau hauv Pavlovsk, uas ua tus naas ej liab Pavilion, ua choj thiab ob peb cov vaj tse rau txawv hom phiaj. Voronikhin yog tus sau ntawm lub Italian pavilion, ob peb cascades thiab colonnades nyob rau hauv Peterhof. Nws kuj yog tawm private nyiaj, nyob rau hauv kev lub Minister coj lub reconstruction ntawm lub tsev yuav tsum tau muab nyob rau hauv lub Palace Embankment, ua hauj lwm rau lub tsev Stroganoff tsev neeg lub tsev loj loj Golitsyn tsev lub tsev teev ntuj. Master coj ib feem nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm lub Mint nyob rau hauv lub Peter thiab Paul Fortress, tsim cov tug ciav nyob Mount Pulkovo.

palaces

Nyob rau hauv 1803, kws kes duab vajtse Voronikhin koom tes nrog cov reconstruction ntawm lub hauv paus tsev ntawm lub palace nyob rau hauv Pavlovsk. Maria Feodorovna ntseeg kws kes duab vajtse, nws trims nws chav tsev nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no Palace, ces nws tso siab rau nws saj thiab ua rau nws cov thawj ntawm cov kws kes duab vajtse ntawm Pavlovsk. Voronikhin kiag reschedules siv, tsim designs rau painting ceilings. Yuav luag ib txhij, kes duab lub vajtse ua hauj lwm rau ib tug remake ntawm lub palace Sheremetev rau Fontanka. Lawv xav los ua ib tug sab hauv nyob rau hauv lub fashionable classical style, thiab Voronikhin pab lawv nyob rau hauv no. Nws tsim ib tug dav chav rau cov rooj sib tham ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg.

Lwm tseem ceeb ua hauj lwm ntawm lub vajtse - yog lub Konstantinovsky Palace nyob rau hauv Strelna. Lub tsev tau xav decayed txij li thaum lub sij hawm ntawm Peter lub Great, thiab tus tswv tau muab qhov kev txiav txim los khaws cia cov tsos, tab sis modernized interiors. Voronikhin kiag rov los nrog kho kom zoo nkauj, tsim interiors nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Ottoman style, thiab qhia kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv peb tes num. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv 1803 ib tug tua hluav taws yuav luag tag pov tseg lawm, thiab cov nram qab no reconstruction ntawm lub twb them mus rau lwm kes duab vajtse.

tus kheej

Andrew Voronikhin (1759-1814) nyob ib qho kev nthuav lub neej, nrog ib tug loj loj workload ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, nws pom tau hais, thiab nyob rau hauv tsev neeg lub neej. Rov qab nyob rau hauv 1801 kes duab lub vajtse twb sib yuav tus ntxhais ntawm kev kawm lus Askiv ib tug xibhwb Meri Lond, los yog Maria Feodorovna nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab yam. Nws yog thawj zaug ib governess nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm tus Stroganoff tab sis, ces draftsman thiab ua hauj lwm rau 10 xyoo ua ke nrog tus tswv. Bride tsis kam hloov kev ntseeg, thiab sib yuav Voronikhin yuav tsum tau sau ib tug ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Tom qab lub tshoob cov hluas ob peb tswm nyob rau hauv nws lub tsev. Qhov ob peb tau yug los rau tub, tab sis yuav luag tag nrho cov tau nyob ntev, hnub no ncaj xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv Voronikhin sab laug. Kws kes duab vajtse ntau thiab ua hauj lwm nyuaj nyob rau hauv nws lub sij hawm spare nyiam pleev xim, nyeem ib tug ntau.

Tiav ntawm txoj kev, thiab nco

Kws kes duab vajtse tuag ob hlis ntuj 21, 1814. Nws raug faus rau ntawm lub prestigious graveyard ntawm St Petersburg, lub Alexander Nevsky Monastery. Rau nws monument xwm tau qhov silhouette ntawm tus xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm lub Kazan Cathedral - lub tsev ntawm kes duab lub vajtse.

Ob peb tsev Voronikhin dim. Tab sis ob tug ntawm nws lub ntsiab masterpieces tseem kho Petersburg. Tsis tas li ntawd dim ib co ntawm nws interiors thiab ib tug ntau yam ntawm tej yaam num uas muab ib lub tswv yim ntawm lub hwj chim ntawm nws lub peev xwm. Paintings Voronikhin muab cia rau hauv lub Hermitage thiab Lavxias teb sab tsev cia puav pheej, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv tus sau los ntawm lub Academy of Arts.

cov menyuam kawm ntawv Voronikhin

Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm lub teb ntau embodiment Voronikhin. Nws cov thwj tim tseem ua lag ua luam xib fwb, ib co lus. Yog li ntawd, es tsis txhob ntawm Andrei Mikhailov saib saib xyuas kev tsim kho ntawm lub Kazan Cathedral. Nyob rau hauv nws copyright vaj tse Mikhailov raws li cov kev cai Voronikhin. Cov vam meej tshaj plaws ntawm nws siv yog lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Catherine rau Vasilevsky Island. Lub simplicity thiab elegance tsim Voronikhin tsim nyob rau hauv style. Lwm tus menyuam kawm ntawv - Denis Filippov - nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm architecture raws li cov neeg sau ntawm lub Academy ntawm Sciences lub tsev nyob rau Vasilevsky Island, uas kuj muaj tus raug nta ntawm Voronikhin faj tim teb chaws. Qhov thib peb tseem ceeb follower thiab thwj tim ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse - Petr Plavov - yog lub npe hu ua tus creator ntawm lub Obukhov tsev kho mob nyob rau hauv Zagorodny Prospekt thiab stairs Board of Trustees. Cov projects yog tseem tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug classical style nce Voronikhin.