Painting "Sawv ntxov ntawm lub Strelets tiav". Hauj lwm painting Vasiliya Surikova "Sawv ntxov ntawm lub Strelets 'tiav'

Painting "Sawv ntxov ntawm lub Strelets tiav" txhuam Vasily Surikov txo nws hwj unprepared tuav mus rau ib tug standstill. Yuav ua li cas yog xwm no? Nws yog tseeb hais tias cov neeg qee: lub universal passions tsis muab vim li cas doubt nws. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv cov duab koj yuav saib tau - thiab kawm - tsar Peter Thawj. Lavxias teb sab neeg tuaj saib yog tej zaum qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub npe hu rov nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws lub keeb kwm, thaum ib tug muaj koob muaj npe Moscow txee, siv lub party sovereign txawv teb chaws sawv. Tab sis li cas sim hawm caij nyoog kom lawv no revolt? Thiab yog dab tsi artist xav hais tias nws painting? Tseeb, txawm lub grim lub npe, daim duab yuav tsis pom ib yam ntawm cov hanged los yog txiav caj dab. Cia peb sim kom to taub qhov no.

Cov hauj lwm version ntawm cov txheej xwm

Peter lub Great tus muam, Sophia A., sharpened nyob rau hauv lub Novodevichy Convent, tsis tawm kev cia siab mus zaum rau ntawm lub zwm txwv ntawm Russia. Noj kom zoo dua uas qhaj ntawv ntawm nws tus tij laug, nws hais tias Peter hloov. Nws hu ua rau archers tuaj rau nws cov kev pab thiab tiv thaiv Russia los ntawm qhov ntxeem tau ntawm lub infidels (ie European managers, uas yog tus vaj ntxwv caw los ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab cov Netherlands). Peb teb rau nws hu 175 troops los ntawm cov plaub regiments. Lawv tuaj txog nyob rau hauv Moscow nrog ib daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj 1698. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov lub Plaub Hlis, lawv muaj kev tswj kom dislodge los ntawm Moscow, tab sis lawv xa rov qab mus rau lawv cov regiments thiab ntxeev siab. Nws lub hom phiaj yog los tsim kom tau rau lub zwm txwv ntawm Sophia, thiab yog hais tias nws tsis kam lub nceeg vaj - lub exiled V. V. Golitsyna. Tsoom fwv xa ob txhiab tawm tsam cov plaub regiments ntawm cavalry thiab noble. Nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj, lub revolt twb suppressed, thiab "lub feem ntau egregious instigators" hanged. Piav txog thaum sawv ntxov Strelets'execution, Surikov yuav siv sij hawm li nws cov hauv paus rau hauv lub official version. Qhov ntawd yog ib qho li txoj cai ntawm kev ncaj ncees, ib tug tiav 22 los yog lub rau hli ntuj 28, 1698. Ces, raws li cov keeb kwm, tsib-caug rau cov neeg raug muab dai rau.

Sawv ntxov Strelets'execution keeb kwm

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, loj tsuj pib thaum Peter rov qab mus rau Russia (25 Lub yim hli ntuj 1698). Tus huab tais muaj pib thiab coj cov re-kev tshawb nrhiav. Tam sim no Strelets'execution thaum sawv ntxov, muab qhia tawm uas muab ceeb diplomats thaum lub sij hawm, nws coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv 10 Lub kaum hli ntuj. Ces nws twb hanged thiab txiav caj dab ob txhiab archers. Tsib ntawm lawv, tus huab tais tus kheej txiav caj dab. Nws tsis tau kev puas tsuaj xwb leej twg, tsis txhob saib muaj tub los ntxhais los sis hnub nyoog. Ob tug nkauj qhe ntawm nws cov muam nws kom faus nyob rau hauv lub hauv av ciaj sia. Tus 500 archers, uas twb dhau lawm cov tub ntxhais, tus huab tais tso los ntawm lub txim tuag, tiam sis lawv txiav lub qhov ntswg, pob ntseg, muab tso rau ib tug stamp thiab xa mus rau hauv exile. Cov kev tsuj txuas ntxiv kom txog thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 1699. Faus rau tua huab tais, tus uas tau raug xam tias yog ib tug kiv cua ntawm European qhov tseem ceeb, tso cai nkaus xwb nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm kev sau ntawv canvas

Yog li ntawd nws xav qhia rau tus tuav cov painting "Sawv ntxov ntawm lub Strelets tiav", uas yog nyob rau hauv lub State Tretyakov Gallery exhibition nyob rau hauv Moscow? Qhov no yog thawj loj canvas Vasiliya Surikova, uas nws muab tso rau cov neeg tuaj saib. Nws ua hauj lwm rau nws rau peb lub xyoos - los ntawm 1878 mus 1881 Vim li cas cov artist tig mus rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm? Tej zaum hais tias nyob rau hauv lub qub Moscow, qhov twg nws tsiv tom qab lub St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. Nws yog hais tias thaum xub thawj tus artist xav portray rau canvas, thiab ib tug ob peb twb hanged. Nws txawm kos sketches. Tab sis ib tug ntawm cov nkauj qhe nyob rau hauv lub tsev thaum nws pom lawv, fainted. Yog li ntawd Surikov muab lub tswv yim rau shock tus tuav. Tab sis lub tragic foreboding txim yuav peb nyob rau hauv qhov nro. Qhov no zoo nkaus li yog tus muaj zog tshaj qhov pom ntawm ntshav scenes. Painting "Sawv ntxov ntawm lub Strelets tiav" zoo li collector Tretyakov. Nws tam sim ntawd yuav nws. Thiab tom qab ntawd ntxiv mus rau lub sau yog ob tug ntawm cov wizard ntawm keeb kwm ntxhais - "Boyar Morozova" thiab "Menshikov nyob rau hauv Berezovo".

muaj pes tsawg leeg

Qhov no loj canvas (379 x 218 centimeters) configured roj. Painting "Sawv ntxov ntawm lub Strelets tiav" yog pab nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj nti coloring, uas ntxiv underscores raug xwm txheej gloom ntawm lub caij. Artist resorted mus rau tau txais nthuav nyob rau hauv lub tsev compositions. Nws kaw qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub Red Square. Cov painting haum txoj cai Kremlin ntauwd nrog cov phab ntsa, St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo thiab qhov chaw uas muab. Yog li, tsuas yog ib tug ob peb lub kaum os cim tsim nov ntawm nqaij tawv ntawm ib tug lossis loj coob coob, symbolizing lub Lavxias teb sab neeg. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tias cov duab ntawm tus huab tais yog nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm yav dhau. Yuav kom autocrat yuav tsum tau pom, cov artist tau xwm nws nyob rau nees. Peter yog "ib tug duel saib" nrog ib tug ntawm cov musketeers, tsoo down nyob rau hauv lub qhov hnyav ntawm kev tsuj. Tus huab tais realizes hais tias nws twb tsis muaj cov tswj lub siab ntsuj plig ntawm cov neeg, thiab nws qhov chaw tshua unquenched.

xim

Rau cov painting "Sawv ntxov ntawm lub Strelets tiav" Surikov siv ib tug nplua nuj palette. Thaum ntxov Autumn thaum sawv ntxov tom qab ib tug rainy hmo ntuj thaum lub square tseem dai pos huab ua hauj lwm pab gray tom qab tiv thaiv uas ntau kom meej meej tshwm sim lub tsho dawb txim streltsi thiab cov taws tswm ciab nyob rau hauv lawv txhais tes. Kaj chaw, attracting views tus neeg saib, sawv ua ib tug archer nrog liab cov plaub hau. Txawm tias nws ob txhais tes twb khi thiab nws ob txhais taw crammed rau hauv irons, nws yog tseeb hais tias nws tus ntsuj plig tseem tsis tau tawg. Nws ua ib lub cim lub siab txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv li cov nplaim taws ntawm ib tug tswm ciab, uas nws squeezes nyob rau hauv nws txhais tes. Dawb tsho thiab grey tom qab, lub grisaille muag ci khaub ncaws ntawm inhabitants ntawm cov sij hawm. Liab kerchief me ntsis hluas nkauj thiab golden-tsho tiv no Strelets 'tus poj niam tus tuav yog pauv mus rau lub grieving lub teb chaws.

symbolism

Nyob rau hauv lub painting "Sawv ntxov ntawm lub Strelets tiav," cov artist tau pw ib yam code, to taub rau txhua leej txhua tus. Firstly, tus xov tooj "7". Qhov ntawd yog yuav ua li cas npaum li cas archers xwm li nyob rau hauv lub hom ntaub khov heev (ib tug ntawm lawv twb noj tam sim ntawd lub tiav - nws yog ib tug hlawv tswm ciab - ib lub cim ntawm nws nyob mus ib txhis tus ntsuj plig). Nws kuj pom xya tshooj ntawm lub Cathedral ntawm Vasiliya Blazhennogo. Architectural tom qab hniav kuj yog ib tug thaum lub ntsiab lus. Nruj Kremlin ntauwd sau raws nkaus Ii daim duab ntawm Tsar Peter lub Great, thaum lub sij hawm kaj, muaj yeeb yuj lub taub hau ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj symbolize lub dee ntawm Lavxias teb sab Orthodox cov neeg, cov spokesman ntawm lub tswv yim uas tau muab tso rau txoj kev tuag, thiab archers.