Nezadymlyaemye staircases (H1, H2, H3) thiab qhov hluav taws kub khiav ntaiv

Cov niaj hnub theem ntawm scientific thiab hauj kev kawm tsis cuam tshuam rau hav zoov ntawm cov fact tias qhov hluav taws rau txhiab xyoo lawm thiab tseem raug nyob ib qho ntawm cov feem ntau txaus ntshai cov yeeb ncuab ntawm tib neeg habitation.

Txawm tias lub thoob plaws kev taw qhia ntawm cov kev cai muab tshuaj siv rau sab hauv kho kom zoo nkauj heev dua lwm yam uas tsis yog-combustible cov ntaub ntawv, txheeb cais yog inexorable: tsev nyob cov neeg niaj hnub no yog los ntawm tsis muaj txhais tau tias kev tiv thaiv.

Feem ntau, qhov tshaj plaws xwb uas tseem nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ib tug tua hluav taws cov neeg yog khiav, uas yog yuav tsum tau evacuated. Lub tov kom khiav tawm hauv lub high-sawv vaj tse - hluav taws kub khiav ntaiv.

Danger rau cov neeg nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov hluav taws tsis yog tsuas yog ib tug tua hluav taws. Nyaum kuj haus luam yeeb. Tab sis qhov tseem txaus ntshai tus yeeb ncuab yog invisible - carbon monoxide. Ib tug neeg muaj peev xwm tsis pom nws los (nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub pa burning, carbon monoxide muaj tsis muaj tsis hnov tsw los yog xim). Carbon monoxide lom yus muaj los ntawm ceev ceev txoj kev loj hlob. Tom qab ib tug ob peb feeb nrhau es tus neeg tej zaum yuav poob nco qab, ces nws yog zoo tsis muaj lub caij nyoog ntawm txoj kev khiav.

Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv txhua lub tsev tas li ib qho tseem ceeb mob ntawm txoj kev cawm seej neeg thaum lub sij hawm ib tug tua hluav taws yog nruab nezadymlyaemye stairwells. Yuav ua li cas hom nezadymlyaemyh stairs thiab stairwells?

Ntaiv - ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev

Lub staircase yog ib feem ntawm multi-storey vaj tse. Txawv pa siv pab rau cov plag tsev lus thiab kev khiav tawm stairs, t. E. Nezadymlyaemye.

Lub xub ntiag ntawm lub caij nyoog kawg no yog ib qho tseem ceeb mob rau cov uas yog muab los ntawm qhov kev khiav tawm ntawm cov neeg nyob ib tug tua hluav taws. Rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov vaj tse nws yog dictated los ntawm cov SNIP, li ntawd yuav tsum muab rau architects nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm qhov kev tsim lug.

Khiav tawm stairs: lub sij hawm

Khiav tawm ladders yuav tsum tau yuav tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub high-sawv vaj tse. Qhov no tsim kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm neeg thaum lub sij hawm ib tug tua hluav taws los yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lwm yam xwm txheej ceev. Siv cov kev faib ntawm thaum muaj xwm ceev stairs nyob rau hauv ntau hom vaj tse yuav raug tej yam qauv nrog rau lawv tus loj, me, configuration thiab qhov chaw. Tsis hais txog ntawm lub hom qauv, cov nqi hluav taws xob ntawm cov lug - kom zoo tawm ntawm cov neeg los ntawm lub tsev nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev xav tau.

Cov neeg, neeg ua hauj lwm thiab cov neeg tuaj xyuas tsev siv khiav tawm stairs yuav tawm hauv lub chaw tsis muaj kev phom sij rau lub neej thiab noj qab haus huv. Thaum muaj xwm ceev tawm yog tsim los tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm hluav taws thiab pa taws. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev los xyuas kom meej yooj yim nkag tau mus rau tag nrho nws nyob rau hauv lub tsev.

Khiav tawm stairs yuav siv tau raws li ib tug lwm tawm los ntawm qhov chaw. Qhov no yog muaj tseeb rau cov nroj tsuag uas tsis muaj ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib rov qab nkag. Hluav taws kev cai txwv tsis pub cov lag luam los ntawm cov vaj tse saum toj no peb cov plag tsev, yog tsis txawm peem rau nrog tawm stair.

qhov chaw

Cov kev cai no yog yuam rau qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw nyob ntawm kev khiav tawm stairs. Feem ntau, qhov kev tso kawm nyob rau hauv lub rov qab ntawm vim pej xeem chaw los yog qhov kawg, yog hais tias tus teem qhib tawm.

Yog hais tias lub tswv yim kev kho thaum muaj xwm ceev tawm hauv lub tsev, rau ib tug ntaiv rau faib ib chav los yog txoj kev hauv tsev. Qhov no yog tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov hluav taws los xyuas kom meej qhov muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov neeg thiab tiv thaiv kom txhob lub descending thaiv yog feem ntau tsuas tau tawm los ntawm lub tsev.

Cov chav no yuav tsum tau muab nrog ib tug tua hluav taws resistant qhov rooj, uas muaj peev xwm sawv rau ntawm tsawg kawg yog 1 chasa tswj yus tus kheej nplaim taws. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej kev khi pob qij txha thiab ceev kev tshem tawm ntawm haus luam yeeb.

Txhua pem teb yuav tsum tau nruab nrog kev nkag mus rau lub theem ntaiv. Nws dav nyob rau qhov luaj li cas thiab zaj theem. Semi-qauv muab qhov chaw ntawm lub site nyob rau hauv lub chav tsev, lub qhov rooj uas ua rau yus mus rau lub sab nraum stairs. Qhov no yog ib qho zoo heev kev xaiv rau tus neeg mob qhov twg yog nws tsis yooj yim sua kom tiav cov kev rho tawm ntawm lub tso cai ntawm lub pa luam yeeb.

Rau qhib sab nrauv yam tshwj xeeb cov kev cai: deb ntawm ntug ntawm tus ntaiv thiab cov phab ntsa yuav 100 cm Qhov no thiaj li kev pheej hmoo ntawm allergic ntawm hluav taws nyob rau hauv lub thaum muaj xwm ceev tawm thiab txwv tsis pub cua sov ntawm lub qauv, raws li tau zoo raws li kev tiv thaiv tus lag tuav ..

ntaub ntawv

Txij li thaum cov qauv no yog npaj rau siv nyob rau hauv muaj xwm ceev, nrog rau hluav taws kub, tej uas yuav tsum tau vim cov kev xaiv siv rau nws siv cov ntaub ntawv. Lub ntsiab mob yog los xyuas kom meej lub dag lub zog thiab hluav taws kuj ntawm lub stairs. Yog li ntawd, feem ntau nrov ntaub ntawv xws li pob zeb thiab cov hlau.

Siv cov ntaub ntawv uas yog cov, crumble los yog emit tej yam tshuaj lom thaum rhuab, yog txwv tsis pub.

SNIP thiab GOST

Standards GOST thiab SNIP qauv tswj, uas installs tag nrho cov hom ntawm stairs. Lawv txhawj xeeb thiab kev khiav tawm qauv.

• Ib tug txheej txheem sloping khiav tawm stairs yog tias nyob rau hauv uas tus piv ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ntev thiab luv qhov siab yog 2: 1.
• 1 mus rau Lub peb hlis ntuj pub lub xub ntiag ntawm 3-18 degrees. 2-Sustainer lawv tus xov tooj yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 16 units.
• Lub dav ntawm lub tsuj taw yuav tsum ua kom paub meej txoj kev nplij siab zog, noj loj - 24-29 cm.
• Cov kauj ruam qhov siab yog feem ntau 20-22 cm.
• Lub dav ntawm lub stairs yog muab tej uas yuav tsum tau, nyob rau hauv uas nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws yuav kis rau 2 tus neeg. Lub qis tshaj siv tau tus nqi yog - 1 m yog tau tso cai los txo qhov ntev ntawm lub sab nraud lug ntawm mus txog rau 70 cm ..
• Chaw Ua Si ntawm marches loj yuav tsum sib haum mus rau lub dav ntawm lub stairs thiab tawm rau nws.
• Xav kom cov muaj kev ruaj ntseg khiav tawm ntawm lub tsev nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov hluav taws yuav tsum tau muab kev nkag mus rau tus ntaiv uas leads mus rau ib qhib qhov chaw los yog nyob rau hauv ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib chav tsev, kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov hluav taws thiab pa taws.

kev faib

Khiav tawm stairs yog txwv kom muab zais los ntawm hom ntawm cov khoom, kev kho, thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv. Muaj peb hom niaj hnub khiav tawm ntawm stairs, uas yog cov sib txawv yam ntxwv xws li lo lus uas peb, dav thiab configuration:

• muab tso rau hauv tshwj xeeb nezadymlyaemyh stairways nyob rau hauv lub tsev;
• Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub tsev, thiab tsis fenced phab ntsa;
• thiab nws yog nyob sab nraum lub qauv Exit.

Cov yav tas yog siv heev dua lwm yam rau khiav tawm, thaum lub sij hawm thawj ob hom ntawm stairs yog tej zaum hloov los ntawm lub ntsiab nkag.

Nyob rau tau hom designs

Rau kev khiav tawm kuj siv ncaj flights, muab intermediate platforms. Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, thaum muaj tsis txaus chaw rau lawv kho, thaum uas tig mus los yog nrog ib tug me ntsis nqes hav mus rau lub phab ntsa mounted ntsug lug xws li yooj.

txwv tsis pub

hluav taws kev ruaj ntseg cov kev cai txwv tsis pub rau tebchaws tus ntaiv:

• nrog zabezhnymi kauj ruam;
• nrog curvilinear thiab lus zoo spans;
• muaj hau ntswj;
• nrog cov kauj ruam ntawm teej loj.

Yuav ua li cas yog cov nezadymlyaemye stairwells?

Lub xub ntiag ntawm xws lug nyob rau hauv lub tsev no yog tsim los xyuas kom meej tshaj plaws kev nyab xeeb rau lub neej thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov hluav taws kub. Lawv marching ib tug me me, uas yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv haum chaw rau lawv tej vaj tse.

Ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab uas yuav tsum tau rau cov xwm txheej ceev tawm - nws rho tawm los ntawm cov pa luam yeeb. Nezadymlyaemye staircases distinguished los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias thaum lub sij hawm qhov hluav taws kub, lawv tsis poob PFD (pa taws, pa luam yeeb, thiab hais txog. N.).

Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov lug yog muab los ntawm lub muaj kev vam meej khiav tawm ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm hluav taws nyob rau hauv high-sawv vaj tse. Txawv kev cai no yog yuam rau lawv, nyob ntawm seb lub hom.

hom

Nezadymlyaemye stairwells faib ua ob peb hom, cais uas paub qhov txawv lawv cov tsim nta, kev tso kawm, muab siv rau lawv thiab tej ntsiab cai ntawm lub lag luam. Hom staircases:

• H1 yog suav hais tias yog lub hauv paus qauv. Cov yam ntxwv nta ntawm tus tsim yog muaj kev nkag tau mus los ntawm txoj kev qhib cheeb tsam. Koj yuav tsum muaj nezadymlyaemosti mus kom ze rau cov teeb meem tawm.
• H2 muab rau huab cua pressurization thaum hluav taws kub tshwm sim.
• H3 yog ib tug analogue ntawm lub H2, tab sis muab rau tus tawm rau lub peb hlis ntuj los ntawm lub vestibule rooj vag. Tsis tas li ntawd muab yog lub yeem huab cua overpressure uas yog nkag li nyob rau hauv qhov hluav taws kub, thiab nyob rau ib tug tsis tu ncua.

uas yuav tsum tau

Hluav taws nyob rau hauv staircases muab kev cai, uas muab rau preservation ntawm tib neeg lub neej:

• Tag nrho nezadymlyaemyh ladders ntsia thaum muaj xwm ceev teeb pom kev zoo.
• Lub dav ntawm lub rooj yuav tsum nyob nruab nrab ntawm 1.2 m thiab qhov siab - 1.9 m.
• Dav outputs stairways yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav nqaim zaj dav.
• Installation nezadymlyaemoy hlwb uas nyob ib sab mus rau lub elevator ncej nyob rau hauv lub phab ntsa los xyuas kom meej dawb nkag tau mus ntawm huab cua qhov quav yog cov txheej txheem ntawm (nyob rau hauv sab saum toj pem teb theem).
• Nyob rau hauv lub aisles rau nezadymlyaemym staircases yog txwv tsis pub kev tso kawm ntawm tus kheej cov khoom. Lub entryway yuav tsum dais, raws li cov thoob khib nyiab yuav ua tau ib tug hindrance rau qhov kev khiav tawm ntawm cov neeg thiab cov chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm yooj.
• Banned self-los ua ke ntawm tsi xam pom tsim kho tsim partitions thiab prorubki nqe vaj lug kub nyob rau hauv uas twb muaj lawm hluav taws kub tiv thaiv bulkheads.
• Yuav tsum tau khoom nezadymlyaemyh staircases Handrails uas tsis yog-combustible cov ntaub ntawv thiab ib tug me ntsis rhuab.

Nezadymlyaemye stairs H1

"Tsev Regulations" hais tias: nyob rau hauv vaj tse nrog ib tug qhov siab ntawm 30 m, yuav tsum tau npaj nezadymlyaemye ntaiv H1 hlwb.

Qhov no hom yuav tsum tau lub installation ntawm stairs, uas yog siv tau los ntawm cov av pem teb cheeb tsam, siv qhov chaw rau lub nce qib ntawm qhib-cua. H1 chaw qhov chaw yuav ua tau ib tug veranda, lawj los yog muab ntim rau staircase uas tau raug muab tshem tawm ntawm thaj chaw. Qhov no yog vim qhov yuav tsum tau los xyuas kom meej lub ntuj rwb thaiv tsev ntawm lub tsev uas muaj cov pa luam yeeb los ntawm cov xwm txheej ceev tawm. Feem ntau cov npaum xaiv rau no hom ntawm staircase yog ib ces kaum ntawm lub tsev. Cov feem ntau dej siab rau txoj hauj lwm - nrog lub nrog los tsis ua cas Piers. Lawv tsim feature yog tus tsis muaj direct kev sib txuas lus nrog rau cov plag tsev ntawm lub tsev.

Nruab nrab nyob H1 hlwb - nyob rau hauv lub ces kaum ntawm lub Windward sab ntawm lub tsev. Lawv tsiag ntawv los ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm lub sam thiaj ntaus zaus, raws li zoo raws li lub teeb meem nyob rau hauv kev siv shields. Cov kev hloov yog ua raws li ib qho qhib gallery los yog Loggia yuav tsum tau xyuas kom muaj zaj dav ntawm 1.2 m. Lub dav ntawm nqe vaj lug kub, raws li tau zoo raws li lub luv los ntawm lub muab faib mus rau lub qhov rais yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 2 m.

Nezadymlyaemye ntaiv H2

Staircase H2 yog cov txheej txheem ntawm nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev sab saum toj pem teb uas yog nyob rau ntawm ib qhov siab 28-50 m. Lub hlwb ntawm H2 generated cua overpressure (hauv paus ntsiab lus cua sov traction). Nws yog ib tug mus tas los yog qhib nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm hluav taws tswb. Tsis tas li ntawd ua tau rau nruab autonomous pressurization siv cua twj uas muab cua siab uas yuav tsum tau nruab nrog ib tug uninterruptible fais fab mov.

Thaum tsim lub cua yuav tsum kom xam lub traction quab yuam (los yog pressurization). Lub siab yuav tsum tso cai rau cov dawb qhib hluav taws qhov rooj rau tus stairs. Lub siab nyob rau theem sab yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 20 Pa, nyob rau hauv sab qaum - tsawg tshaj 150 pascals.

Tambours los yog gateways los ntawm kev uas yog muab nyob rau kev nkag stair H2 hlwb nruab nrog hluav taws qhov rooj. Nyob rau hauv pawg ntawm hlwb nezadymlyaemyh tsim nyog ntaus ntawv yog ntsug partitions spaced 7-8 plag tsev.

Nezadymlyaemye stairs H3

Nezadymlyaemaya staircase H3 kuj ua tau lub tsev siv overpressure. Lawv txawv yog tus ntaus ntawv tshwj xeeb taug kev-los ntawm cov chav nrog tus kheej-kaw qhov rooj. Lawv qhov ntev yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav tsawg tshaj li 4 square meters. m. Nyob rau hauv lub hlwb ntawm no hom yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv cov huab cua backup qhov chaw nyob los ntawm cov ntaiv thiab nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb gateways. Qws brakes yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug tas mus lub hauv paus los yog tshuab txais tau nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm cov hluav taws los pa taws.

ncaj ntaub ntawv

Thaum tsim nezadymlyaemyh khiav tawm nqe vaj lug kub feem ntau siv qhob. Nws yog muaj kev ruaj ntseg nyob rau hauv hluav taws kev tiv thaiv cov ntsiab lus teb, yuav siv check thiab xis khoom. Raws li ib tug adjunct mus rau qhob puag steel lug siv, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua cov qhov rooj los yog ntseej. Hlau spans kev txaus cai nyob rau hauv lub teeb lug Siv.

Tus ntoo ntsiab siv nyob rau hauv ib tug me me npaum li cas: ntoo rail los yog qhov rooj kov, uas yog yuav tsum tau kho nrog hluav taws compositions.