Nginx: Teeb thiab installation

Yuav ua li cas yog apache, nginx? Lub hom phiaj, nta, customization xaiv - cov no yog cov tej yam uas txhua txhua web tsim tawm yuav tsum paub mus ntsuam xyuas lawv cov uas.

Hais txog nginx Hais ib lo lus

Qhov cuab yeej no muaj ib lub ntsiab thiab ob peb workflows. Tus thawj deals nrog kev nyeem ntawv thiab configuration pov thawj. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv nws cov kev tswj yog workflow tswj. Qhov teeb meem ntawm yav dhau los - mus ko khoom kev thov. Lub nginx siv cov qauv uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv cov txheej xwm. Mechanisms kuj siv, nyob ntawm seb lub operating system nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua tau npaum qee thov ncaj qha ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm muaj dab. Lawv tus xov tooj yog yeej ib txwm qhia nyob rau hauv lub configuration cov ntaub ntawv. Tus nqi yuav tsum yog tas los teem cia, coj los ntawm tus xov tooj ntawm processor cores uas yuav muaj leej twg. Nyob rau hauv nginx configuration ntawm lub cev thiab cov modules yog nqa tawm siv lub configuration cov ntaub ntawv. Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj yuav tau hloov ib yam dab tsi, koj yuav tsum tau saib rau nws lub npe. Feem ntau nws yog nyob rau hauv lub qhia / etc / nginx (tab sis qhov lawv tej zaum yuav txawv nrog rau lwm cov systems) thiab muaj ib qho extension .conf.

Start, restart, thiab cav

Ua li no, koj yuav tsum ua lub executable sau. Configuring nginx-neeg rau zaub mov tsuas yog tau thaum nws pib. Management yog nqa tawm ua tsaug rau hu cov executable nrog lub -s parameter. Ua li no, siv cov nram qab no:

nginx -s teeb liab

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, koj muaj peev xwm hloov lub nram qab no commands (yuav tsum tau tuaj los ntawm tus neeg siv uas launched lub cuab tam):

1. Tsis txhob. Nws yog siv rau ceev shutdown.
2. Reload. Cov pab neeg yuav tsum tau mus reload lub configuration cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov tseeb yog tias muaj kev hloov yuav pab tsis tau kom txog rau thaum cov ntaub ntawv ua hauj lwm. Thiab nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav coj cov nyhuv, ib tug reboot yog tsim nyog. Sai li sai tau raws li koj tau no teeb liab, lub ntsiab txoj kev pib mus xyuas lub correctness ntawm cov syntactic feem ntawm cov configuration ntaub ntawv thiab sim mus thov cov kev taw qhia muaj muaj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tsis ua hauj lwm, nws yuav yob rov qab hloov thiab yuav ua hauj lwm nrog cov laus tsis. Yog hais tias txhua yam yog kev vam meej, nws yuav tso tshiab workflows, thiab cov laus yuav muab xa mus rau qhov kev thov kawg.
3. Txiav luam yeeb. Siv rau tus kawm tiav ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm. Nws yog siv hais tias koj xav tos kom txog thaum lub tam sim no thov tas khaws cia.
4. Rov qhib. Close thiab qhib cav cov ntaub ntawv.

siv hlauv taws xob

Teem dab kuj yuav tau siv Unix txhais tau tias (tua nqi hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau tham li ib qho piv txwv). Lawv feem ntau yog siv ib tug mechanism xa lub teeb liab ncaj qha mus rau tus txheej txheem cov ntaub ntawv. Lawv txuas los ntawm txoj kev ID. Qhov no cov ntaub ntawv uas yog cia nyob rau hauv nginx.pid cov ntaub ntawv. Cia peb xav hais tias peb xav nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem №134. Ces, rau qhov tus kawm tiav ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau xa peb cov nram qab no ntaub ntawv:

tua -s QUIT 1628

Cia peb xav hais tias peb xav pom ib daim ntawv teev tag nrho cov qhib cov ntaub ntawv. Peb yog kev siv ntawm lub chaw tso dej ps. Cov pab neeg kuj yuav saib raws li nram no:

ps -ax | grep nginx

Hais tias yog, raws li koj tau pom, los ntawm kev siv ntxiv seev qhia hais tias nws mus nws daim ntawv thov. Thiab tam sim no cia siab rau yuav ua li cas ua nginx-configuration.

Tus qauv ntawm lub configuration ntaub ntawv

Txhim kho thiab configuring nginx muaj xws li ua hauj lwm nrog cov modules. Lawv yog configured siv cov kev coj uas yog teev nyob rau hauv lub configuration cov ntaub ntawv. Lawv yuav ua tau yooj yim los yog block. Tus thawj hom muaj cov coj thiab tsis, uas yog cais los ntawm tej qhov chaw, thiab lawv kawg yog qhia los ntawm ib tug semicolon - (;). Qhov thaiv muaj ib tug zoo li tus qauv. Tab sis es tsis txhob ntawm no qhia kaw nyob ntxiv set ntawm cov lus qhia uas muab tso rau hauv lub curly nkhaus ({} cov lus qhia). Yog hais tias lawv yuav tswg lub npe thiab lwm yam tsis ntawm tus txheej txheem no, lawv yuav hu ua xws Siv muaj lub ntsiab lus teb. Raws li ib qho piv txwv, http, qhov chaw thiab neeg rau zaub mov.

Lub tsev ntawm zoo li qub ntsiab lus

Qhov no yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws txoj kev sib tw txojkev nginx configuration. Nyob rau hauv lub statistical muab faib rau cov ntsiab lus yog meant dluab thiab HTML-nplooj (tsis dynamic). Piv txwv hais tias peb yuav tsum tau muaj ib zaug xwb ua hauj lwm rau qhov chaw li cov pawg cheem nginx. Yog nws tsis yooj yim ua tau li ntawd? Tsis yog, cia saib ib qho piv txwv. Ua ntej embarking rau nws, nws yog tsim nyog rau kev nthuav dav cov tej yam kev mob ntawm qhov teeb meem. Yog li ntawd, nyob ntawm seb qhov kev thov, cov ntaub ntawv yuav tuaj los ntawm ntau yam hauv zos Wage. Yog li, nyob rau hauv lub / cov ntaub ntawv / www peb muaj HTML-cov ntaub ntawv. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub directory / ntaub ntawv / dluab uas muaj cov dluab. Pom qhov chaw nginx nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsum tau editing configuration cov ntaub ntawv, uas koj yuav tsum kho cov neeg rau zaub mov chav tsev nyob rau http. Los txhawb qhov ob tug yuav siv tau raws li qhov chaw nyob.

Yuav ua raws li: neeg rau zaub mov

Yog li ntawd, ua ntej peb yuav tsum tsim txoj kev thiab muab lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv lawv yuav tsum tau nthuav (nyob rau hauv html koj yuav tsum ntxiv cov ntsiab lus). Ces qhib lub configuration cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv nws lub neej ntawd neeg rau zaub mov twb muaj ob peb blocks, uas rau feem ntau yog ib feem yog commented tawm. Yuav kom ua tau zoo tau, tus txheej txheem no yuav tsum tau ua nrog rau kev hwm rau tag nrho cov Cheebtsam ntawm neej ntawd. Ces ntxiv ib tug tshiab neeg rau zaub mov chav tsev siv cov cai no:

http {

neeg rau zaub mov {

}

}

Lub configuration ntaub ntawv yuav ua hauj lwm nrog ob peb xws blocks. Tab sis lawv yuav tsum tau distinguished los ntawm lawv cov npe thiab ports los ntawm kev uas cov ntaub ntawv tau txais.

Yuav ua raws li: qhov chaw

Txiav txim tsis pub dhau lub neeg rau zaub mov:

qhov chaw / {

hauv paus / ntaub ntawv / www;

}

Lub xub ntiag ntawm lub kos npe rau "/" yog tsim nyog los sib piv cov tau cov ntaub ntawv thiab saib seb puas muaj yog xws li ib qhov chaw nyob los ntawm cov tiav kev thov no. Yog hais tias muaj yog tsis muaj teeb meem, ces qhia kom meej rau txoj kev / ntaub ntawv / www mus rau lub kev kawm ntaub ntawv uas yog nyob rau hauv lub zos system. Yog hais tias muaj yog ib tug match nrog ib tug ob peb blocks, ces xaiv ib tug nrog tus coos prefix. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev piv txwv, qhov ntev yog sib npaug zos rau ib tug, piv txwv li, siv yuav heev dua lwm yam nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim hais tias muaj yog tsis muaj "kev sib tw". Tam sim no, cia nws yuav hloov:

qhov chaw / dluab / {

hauv paus / cov ntaub ntawv;

}

Yuav ua li cas yuav paub, peb tab tom nrhiav rau ib tug duab. Tam sim no, wb muab tag nrho tsim uas tau yav tas los, thiab cov configuration ntawm lub sij hawm no yog raws li nram no:

neeg rau zaub mov {

qhov chaw / {

hauv paus / ntaub ntawv / www;

}

qhov chaw / dluab / {

hauv paus / cov ntaub ntawv;

}

}

Qhov no yog ib tug ua hauj lwm version ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas, tus qauv qhov chaw nres nkoj №80. Qhov no neeg rau zaub mov tsis muaj teeb meem yuav ua tau muaj nyob rau ntawm koj lub computer, yog tias koj mus rau qhov chaw nyob: http: // localhost /. Yuav ua li cas no tag nrho cov ua hauj lwm?

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov lag luam ntawm cov piv txwv

Yog li ntawd, thaum lawv tuaj mus rau queries uas pib nrog ib tug / cov dluab, cov neeg rau zaub mov ntawm lub sib nug xov directory cov ntaub ntawv yuav muab xa mus rau tus neeg siv. Nyob rau hauv nws tsis tuaj kawm ntawv yuav muab cov lus qhia hais tias qhov yuam kev 404. Yog hais tias nqa tawm nginx configuration rau lub zos computer, ces qhov kev thov http: //localhost/images/example.png peb yuav tau txais ib cov ntaub ntawv uas nws qhov chaw nyob /data/images/example.png. Thaum koj qhia kom meej yog ib tug "/" cim nrhiav yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv lub directory / ntaub ntawv / www. Tab sis peb tsuas hloov lub configuration. Nws pib mus ua hauj lwm, nws yuav tsum pib dua. Ua li no, siv cov nginx -s reload. Nyob rau hauv lub rooj plaub uas lub lag luam yog tsis tau, nyob rau hauv lub access.log thiab error.log cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub qhia / usr / lub zos / nginx / cav, koj yuav saib rau qhov ua rau ntawm tus txhaum.

Tsim ib tug yooj yim npe neeg rau zaub mov

Nws yuav hais txog nginx - configuration ntawm lub tsev no yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau daim ntaub ntawv (thiab haum yooj yim, los ntawm txoj kev). Nws yuav siv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov neeg rau zaub mov uas tau txais ib qho kev thov, thiab ces redirects lawv mus ua cov qhov chaw. Tom qab hais tias, cov lus teb yuav tsum los ntawm lawv, uas xa lawv mus rau ib tug neeg uas muab cov neeg ua hauj lwm. Yog li ntawd cia saib ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev tsim ib lub hauv paus taw tes. Nws yuav kam nrog pab cov neeg siv 'thov thiab muab lawv nrog ib tug duab los ntawm ib lub zos directory. Yog li ntawd, los thaiv http ntxiv lwm neeg rau zaub mov nrog cov nram qab no cov ntsiab lus:

neeg rau zaub mov {

mloog 8080;

hauv paus / ntaub ntawv / up1;

qhov chaw / {

}

}

Tam sim no, wb decipher rau koj: tsim ib tug yooj yim neeg rau zaub mov. Nws yuav mloog chaw nres nkoj 8080 tsis muaj ib tug mloog, ces tus neeg rau zaub mov yuav khiav ntawm lub 80 th. Yuav muab tso tawm kom tag nrho cov kev thov nyob rau hauv lub zos cov ntaub ntawv uas yog raws kev coj kom lub directory / ntaub ntawv / up1 (ntawm chav kawm, ua ntej hais tias nws yuav tsum tsim nyog los tsim nws). Yuav tsum tau mus xyuas nws yog tsim nyog los muab cov index.html cov ntaub ntawv. Vim qhov kev tso kawm ntawm kev coj nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus teb ntawm lub hauv paus neeg rau zaub mov peb yuav siv qhov chaw nyob rau hauv tag nrho lub sij hawm (raws li yog li tshem tawm kev nkag txwv). Peb muaj tam sim no ua hauj lwm los mus tsim ib lub npe. Rau nws mus ua hauj lwm, peb yuav tsum tau proxy_pass qhia, rau cov uas yuav tsum tau teev raws tu qauv lub npe, thiab qhov chaw nres nkoj chaw raws li tsis (rau lub zos twb kev txuas nws yuav zoo li http: // localhost: 8080). Tau no tshwm sim:

neeg rau zaub mov {

qhov chaw / {

proxy_pass http: // localhost: 8080;

}

qhov chaw / dluab / {

hauv paus / cov ntaub ntawv;

}

}

Yog hais tias koj saib nyob rau ntawm qhov code thiab tsom xam nws, tej zaum koj yuav pom tias tus thib ob chav tsev qhov chaw nyob tau hloov. Yog li, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yuav ua hauj lwm uas raug extensions dluab. Ib me ntsis txawv, nws yuav muab tso tawm kom raws li nram no:

qhov chaw ~ \ (gif | jpg | png). $ {

hauv paus / ntaub ntawv / dluab;

}

Qhov kawg npe configuration yog raws li nram no:

neeg rau zaub mov {

qhov chaw / {

proxy_pass http: // localhost: 8080 /;

}

qhov chaw ~ \ (gif | jpg | png). $ {

hauv paus / ntaub ntawv / dluab;

}

}

Nws yuav lim tawm thov nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm uas muaj cov extensions thiab xa mus rau tus neeg uas thov cov ntaub ntawv. Tsis txhob hnov qab hais tias nws yuav tsum tau mus pib dua yog tias koj xav mus saib lub configuration cov ntaub ntawv. Thiab ntseeg kuv, nws cia li nginx-configuration. Yog hais tias koj qhib lub configuration "Vkontakte" cov ntaub ntawv neeg rau zaub mov los yog lwm yam loj tuam txhab, lawv yuav muaj lub code ntau tshaj cov lus nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.