Ntawv tseeb - yog ib tug cus ciav pej xeem thiab kev sau ntawv ib hom ntawv nyeem

Rau tag nrho nws cov seeming simplicity ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawv tseeb seb puas tsimnyog tau ntau cov lus nug. Yog vim li cas nws thiaj li txaus nyiam cov dab neeg rau cov me nyuam? Yog vim li cas qhov no ib hom ntawv nyeem yog ntau yam rau ntau haiv neeg? Yog vim li cas qhov no ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm lus dab neeg yog "muaj txoj sia" thiab nyob rau hauv kev thov nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem? Nyob rau hauv luv luv, dab tsi yog qhov essence ntawm cov dab neeg, thiab yog vim li cas nws tseem yog ib tug li qhia siv kuj nrov?

Kev Txiav Txim tseeb ib hom ntawv nyeem

Hais lus concisely, lub tseeb - nws yog ib tug dab neeg luv luv txog ib yam dab tsi uas obviously tsis tau yuav, thiab qhov no impossibility ntawm exaggerated txhawj xeeb thiab yog li ntawd tsim ib tug comic nyhuv. "Kuv Mus yav dhau los lub zos peasants ..." "Muaj ib tug luv luv, ib tug loj heev nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ..." - cov no thiab ntau lwm yam "dev paus" dluab yog tsim rau ib tug ntau yam ntawm haum pob tshab schemes, tab sis nco ntsoov ua rau luag thiab txaus siab.

Lavxias teb sab thiab lus Askiv cov hauv paus hniav ntawm fables

Nyob rau hauv Russia, lub npe hu Lavxias teb sab pej xeem tales thiab fables ntawm lwm haiv neeg. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, ntawv tseeb, dev paus, dev paus txuam nrog lus Askiv lus dab neeg thiab lus Askiv cov ntawv nyeem. Nyob rau hauv lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua Russia, qhov no ib hom ntawv nyeem tau ho quickened lub advent ntawm cov lus Askiv lus dab neeg thiab translations ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm cov lus Askiv "dev paus" (lus: "dev paus"). English me nyuam zaj nkauj, feem ntau ua rau dev paus yeej translates li ntawv tseeb rau cov me nyuam Samuil Marshak thiab Korneem Chukovskim. Lavxias teb sab txawj nyeem ntawv ntawm ntau tiam ntawm nyiam dluab ntawm txhais zaj nkauj "Barabek", "caws maum song" thiab lwm yam kwv huam, nyob qhov twg lub ntiaj teb no yog txhob txwm tshaj tawm "muab upside down" yog absurd. Piv txwv ntawm cov lus Askiv kev sau ntawv fairy tales - yog, saum toj no tag nrho, limericks los ntawm Edward Lear, uas yog feem ntau paub nyob rau hauv tus neeg txhais lus Grigoriya Kruzhkova.

Yooj Yim ntawm me nyuam los tu ntawm cov lus Askiv version ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem yog piav, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, cov paub ntawm cov ntawv tseeb rau lub Lavxias teb sab pem, vim hais tias muaj tseeb - ib hom ntawv nyeem uas muaj nyob rau hauv Russia ntev ua ntej cov "txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv" ntawm Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai ntawm cov lus Askiv nonsense.

txawj ntawv tseeb

Ntawv tseeb ib hom ntawv nyeem thiab tseem ciaj sia nyob rau hauv lub dab neeg thiab cov ntawv nyeem. Lavxias teb sab cov me nyuam lub npe hu ua pej xeem tales, thiab sau ntawv. Tej zaum qhov zoo tshaj plaws-paub cov piv txwv ntawm kev sau ntawv ib hom ntawv nyeem uas tsim los ntawm Korney Chukovsky thiab Genrihom Sapgirom. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog, ntawm chav kawm, "Tsis meej pem" los ntawm K. Chukovsky.

Txawm li cas los, nws tej zaj dab neeg thiab kwv huam li los ze zog kev soj ntsuam, heev ze rau dev paus nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv nyeem muaj kev nkag siab. "Miracle Tsob ntoo", "Kev kaj siab", "kab laum" - lub hauv paus ntawm lub zoo-paub cov me nyuam kwv huam yog tseeb. Nws yog ib, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, tus neeg sau txoj kev xaiv rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm no ib hom ntawv nyeem.

Raws li rau lub kos duab Genriha Sapgira, ib yam dab tsi heev ob peb cov neeg nyob rau hauv Russia tsis paub nws lub npe nrov "ntsuag nyob rau hauv cov neeg." Surprise combining disparate dluab thiab yog li yooj yim lub kab, tsim tau lub illusion ntawm naturalness thiab qhov no ntxiv qhia txog "unprecedented" - tag nrho cov no rau ib ntev lub sij hawm nco qab txog raws li ib tug heev ntse thiab kev paub qhia lo ua hauj lwm.

Ntawv tseeb raws li ib tug siv tau aesthetic kev

Korney Chukovsky nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv "Ntawm ob thiab tsib," pom tias lub siab tales rau cov me nyuam - nws yog ib lub sij hawm yuav txaus siab rau lawv tus kheej muaj peev xwm mus saib ib tug ncaim lub cai. Ib tug me nyuam ntawm Chukovsky, ntawm cov ntawv tseeb zog nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev nkag siab ntawm cov kev cai nyob rau hauv lawv orientation nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.

Tab sis, Thaj, nws yog tsis heev uas yooj yim. Ntawv tseeb - nws tseem yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj aesthetic kev muaj. Nws yog dev paus thaum lub rooj sib tham nrog tus me nyuam txoj kev xaav ntawm ntaub ntawv ntawm artistic cov rooj sib txoos, raws li "dev paus" - qhov no yog lub feem ntau txheej thaum ub, pheej yig tus me nyuam kos duab offset lwm yam kev ua hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab. Ntawv tseeb li nteg lub lub hauv paus rau lub xaav ntawm lub artistic ua piv txwv qhia, artistic duab, npaj tus me nyuam rau cov tsim ntawm kev sau ntawv saj.