Ntoskrnl.exe - yog dab tsi? Paub piav qhia txog ntawm cov feem

Lub qhov rais kev khiav hauj lwm systems rau ib co raws li yog lub txheem thoob ntiaj teb. Txawm li cas los, kev xav txog peb lub teb chaws, qhov teeb meem yog qhia ntau kom meej meej. Txawm nws yog, tiam sis feem ntau ntawm domestic cov neeg siv ntawm lub sij hawm "operating system" tsis ua kom muaj lwm yam koom haum ua teb, dua li qhov tshwm sim ua ntej lub qhov muag ntawm tus txheej txheem "qhov rais."

Tib yam yog tshwm sim los ntawm lub fact tias feem ntau ntawm cov teeb meem kev nyuaj siab los ntawm peb cov neeg, nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev los sis lwm txuas nrog cia li tib yam nrog rau tej yam ntxwv ntawm "qhov rais". Tu siab, ob peb cov neeg muaj tsawg kawg yog ib lub tswv yim ntawm cov operating system uas lawv tau ua hauj lwm txhua txhua hnub. Tab sis qhov no ua rau yus mus rau lub tsos ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov teeb meem twb tsis tseeb ntxias. Koj puas paub piv txwv li, dab tsi ntoskrnl.exe? Tab sis qhov no yog ib tug ntawm cov yuav tsum muaj yam ntawm qhov rais, tsis paub txog ntawm cov yam ntxwv uas koj yuav raug heev teeb meem loj.

txhais

Cias muab, nyob rau ntawm no unassuming lub npe hides tsis muaj dab tsi lwm tus, tab sis tus tub ntxhais ntawm NT systems. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, qhov no yog tsis tag nrho cov ntsiav, tab sis kuj muaj teeb meem loj ib feem ntawm nws. Qhov no hlua no yog tsim los pib nyob rau hauv kev ruaj ntseg hom. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, precisely vim hais tias ntawm no nws yog haum txheem lub hom phaj ntawm malware tawm tsam nyob rau hauv lub system nrog.

Qhov uas nws yog nyob?

Paub txog qhov chaw txheej txheem, nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, tsis tshua muaj pab tau, raws li nws tso cai rau koj los mus txiav txim, yog tsis dai nyob rau hauv lub ua hauj lwm saib xyuas tus kab mob no lub caij. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov ntaub ntawv yog nyob rau hauv ob peb qhov chaw, uas yog heev justified kauj ruam nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg raws li ib qho tseem ceeb cov yam ntxwv caij ntawm lub system.

Yog li, thaum ib qho xwm txheej ntawm kev puas tsuaj raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm qhov system los yog kev kho vajtse tsis ua hauj lwm, tus kab mob yuav nres los yog lwm yam teeb meem restoration txoj kev yuav ntau npaum li cas yooj yim. Txawm li cas los, cia tus txheem nrhiav tag nrho cov kev qhov rais. Pib nrog XP, koj yuav nrhiav tau cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv daim nplaub tshev nyob rau nram qab no chaw nyob: c: \ qhov rais \ system32 \ ntoskrnl.exe.

Txawv versions ntawm ib cov ntaub ntawv

Kws txawj nco ntsoov tias rau hnub tim nyob rau hauv OS systems lub qhov rais nyob rau tib lub sij hawm koj yuav pom raws li plaub versions ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no. Ntawm no lawv muaj li no:

• ntoskrnl.exe tej zaum yuav ib feem ntawm cov keeb rau uniprocessor system configurations ;
• raws li, nws kuj yog ib feem ntawm lub multi-processor version ntawm lub OS;
• uniprocessor hom muab hais tias ntau tshaj peb gigabytes ntawm RAM kuj yuav tsum tau ib tug ruaj khov kev lag luam ntawm nws tus kheej version ntawm cov ntaub ntawv;
• Thaum kawg, nyias muaj nyias ib ntoskrnl.exe muaj ib tug multi-core systems uas muaj ntau tshaj peb gigabytes ntawm RAM.

Kev koom tes hauv cov kev tswj ntawm lub system khau raj

Thaum thawj zaug rau theem ntawm cov chaw thau khoom loader (bootloader) system hau lub txheej txheem tswj system ntaub ntawv Ntoskrnl. Xeem pib lub ntsiab txhais ntawm txawv kiag li lawm, thiab ho accelerates qhov kev npaj ntawm lub system ib puag ncig rau ntawm qhov pib ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nrog ntau yam ntaub ntawv sau npe thiab hlauv taws xob.

Yuav ua li cas yog ib qho tseem ceeb yog rau cov tshiab ntoskrnl.exe systems? Lub qhov rais 7 (raws li tau zoo raws li lub qhov rais 8 thiab Vista) ntau heev tshaj dua nyob rau nws (nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog rau cov laus OS versions), raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm yog tshwj xeeb yog ib qho tseem ceeb kws muaj txuj ci tiv thaiv malware. Niaj hnub no, lawv tau ua ntau npaum li cas "inventive", ces mus rau hauv lub OS nyob rau theem ntawm lub community launch.

Tej kev tiv thaiv system

Ib tug heev ib qho tseem ceeb feem ntawm tus txheej txheem no yog cov kev kho vajtse abstraction txheej tub ntxhais - Kho vajtse Abstraction Txheej. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb vim ntoskrnl.exe txheej txheem yog tua nyob rau hauv ib tug privileged hom ntawm cov CPU. Qhov kev xaiv no cov kws txawj kuj hu ua "zero nplhaib ntawm kev tiv thaiv» (nplhaib 0). Cias muab, ib tug tshwj xeeb kev nkag hom tso cai ib tug txheej txheem mus ncaj qha mus nkag lub system Cheebtsam, bypassing txawm cuam tshuam technology. Qhov no yog ua kom cov kev ceev ntawm lub noob pob kws, nws tshuav nyiaj li cas thiab muaj kev ywj pheej los ntawm lwm system plhaub. Alas, tab sis nyob rau hauv kev xyaum nws tej zaum yuav tig ib tug me ntsis txawv.

Ib zaug ntxiv txog malware

Nws tsis yog li ntawd txoj kev no yog ib tug "cua morsel" rau lub creators ntawm siab phem daim ntaub ntawv. Tom qab tag nrho, yog kis tau rau nws, koj muaj peev xwm tau nkag mus rau hauv qhov system nyob rau hauv lub low-level hom! Yog hais tias xws cuam yog ua tau, tej antivirus software khiav ncaj qha rau ntawm qhov rais, nws yuav kiag li puas.

Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los qhov teeb meem no twb tau kov yeej. Tus heev fact ntawm cuam nyob rau hauv ntse qhib ib tug yooj yim kev sib piv ntoskrnl.exe ntaub ntawv hash qhaub (uas yog, koj twb paub), uas hangs nyob rau hauv lub system dab, tib "siv" tus nqi yog muab los ntawm Microsoft.

Lwm yam kev tiv thaiv

Yog hais tias koj sim mus rho tawm cov ntaub ntawv no los ntawm nws cov rightful qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais nplaub tshev, ces tom qab kaum los yog kaum ob vib nas this, nws yuav ib zaug dua yuav nyob rau tib lub qhov chaw! Qhov twg nws yuav tsum tau noj muaj? Yog, cia li luam rau cov system ncaj qha los ntawm lub cim xeeb.

Lub xub ntiag ntawm tus txheej txheem no nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb kom tau ib daim qauv ntawm cov disk yuav tsis tau hloov los ntawm ib co siab phem counterpart. Yuav ua kom tag nrho cov kev pab tiv thaiv, tam sim no systems ntawm lub qhov rais tsev neeg pheej piv cov ntaub ntawv thoob plaws hauv lawv ua hauj lwm.

Yuav ua li cas kom paub tseeb tias koj muaj ib tug txheej txheem?

Wb mus saib, yog nws tiag tiag nyob rau hauv lub system dab daim ntawv teev cov muaj ntoskrnl.exe. Ua li cas nws txhais li cas? Ua ntej koj yuav tsum tau khiav tus "Task Manager" (nias peb cov nyees khawm, raws li peb hais los saum no), thiab ces muaj ib tug taw tes rau nco ntsoov "Qhia dab los ntawm tag nrho cov neeg." Tom qab ntawd, cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau pom. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, nws yuav tsum tau pib los ntawm cov nram qab no qhov chaw: qhov rais \ system32 \ ntoskrnl.exe.

tej zaum teeb meem

Alas, tab sis nyob rau hauv kev xyaum nws tsis yog li ntawd tsis tshua muaj raws li no thaum lub system load yog tsis tau vim muaj ib tug uas ploj lawm ntoskrnl.exe cov ntaub ntawv. "Blue Screen uas tuag" feem ntau kuj tshwm sim vim hais tias ntawm nws ho.

Kws txawj confidently hais tias nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, qhov teeb meem no tshwm sim vim tej kev txhaum ntawm cov hard disk ntawm lub computer. Feem ntau, cov neeg siv yuav ntsib nrog cov teeb meem no tom qab hloov lub ntsiab system disk los yog nruab ib tug tshiab hard drive. Cias muab, tom qab lub cev manipulation ntawm lub zog drives.

Cov uas keev ua ib qho teeb meem

Nyob rau hauv cov kev phem ntawm ib co vagueness ntawm terminology, ib co ntawm cov yooj yim ua nyob twj ywm suab unchanged. Ntawm no lawv muaj li no:

• Mob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv system uas tsis, feem ntau nyob rau hauv XP thiab laus operating systems (koj muaj peev xwm mus saib thiab kho lub chkdsk hais kom ua).
• Vim lub hard disk hardware tsis ua hauj lwm tshwm sim los ntawm cia li fais fab tuag.
• Thaum lub hard disk nto tshwm sim txaj blocks (soj ntsuam thiab kho cov kev pab cuam hu ua "Victoria").

Kuv los ib tug corrupted tej ntaub ntawv?

Yog, nws yog tiag tiag. Yuav kom ua tau hauj lwm no, koj yuav tsum muaj cov disk uas koj los yog koj cov phooj ywg rau nruab rau hauv lub system. Tom qab daus koj yuav tsum xaiv nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais uas zoo nkaus li "Masters" xaiv "System Restore", thiab los yeej muaj mus khiav qhov hais kom ua-line hom. Nws yog tsim nyog los ntxig rau nram qab no hais kom ua: nthuav d: \ i386 \ ntoskrnl.ex_ c: \ qhov rais \ system32. Ceeb toom: es tsis txhob ntawm D muab nws tsab ntawv nyob rau hauv kho qhov muag tsav!

Nyem rau sau. Yog hais tias txhua yam twb ua kom raug, koj yuav tau hais kom pom zoo rau overwrite system cov ntaub ntawv. Nias lub Y khawm dua, nyem rau ntawm qhov Sau khawm. Cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum rov theej los ntawm tus kho qhov muag disk thiab overwrite cov corrupted khoom nyob rau hauv koj lub cev.

Tseem Ceeb! Yuav kom restore xwb, siv lub official installation disks. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, tsis txhob siv rau lub hom phiaj no tag nrho cov xaiv ntawm cov "ua ke", raws li ib tug tshwm sim koj yuav tau txais ntau txawm tias teeb meem!