Ntsia tawg qauv kev ruaj ntseg. Permissible tawg nqi

Nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm nuclear riam phom thiab nuclear zog yog tsis yooj yim nyob deb ntawm dab tsi yog tshwm sim, thiab yog vim li cas tawg qauv kev ruaj ntseg mas yuav kis tau tshwj xeeb cov num. Lawv paub tej zaum yuav pab tau rau kev ntsuam xyuas qhov teeb meem no, uas tej zaum yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ib tug nuclear kev puas tsuaj. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias tus mob khaub thuas ua tsov ua rog yog ntev dua, cov kev txaus ntshai ntawm riam phom uas huab hwm coj puas tsuaj tsis tau nres svoogo hav zoov thiab kev thaj yeeb atom tau feem ntau coj mus rau lub dreadful txim. Qhov tseem tragic piv txwv yog lub Chernobyl kev huam yuaj, thaum lub permissible tawg qauv overstatement dozens ntawm lub sij hawm, yog hais tias tsis tsis coj mus rau hauv tus account. Muaj ntau liquidators thiab cov neeg raug ntawm nws paub suab tsis muaj dab tsi.

Nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab Federation, Ukraine thiab ntau lwm lub teb chaws tsim cov pa tawg qauv kev ruaj ntseg. Lawv enshrined nyob rau hauv cov cai thiab cov chaw ua hauj lwm cov kev cai. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, tawg qauv kev ruaj ntseg txog kev mus rau neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag, tawg-insecure tub rog thiab lwm yam khoom.

Mus los ntawm generalized paub txog qhov no code, koj yuav tsum tam sim ntawd tuab thiab qhia kom meej rau lawv. Feem ntau cov kev hlub tawg qauv kev ruaj ntseg raws li cov tshuaj txwv ntawm tib neeg raug tus kab mob kom tawg, uas pom tau hais tias kuj tsis yog-tej rau kev kho mob. Nyob rau hauv lub scientific kev txiav txim zoo, lawv yog tawm tswv yim nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Feem ntau, tej kev cai yog tsim los pab nrog hwm integrable tawg koob tshuaj los ntawm txhua qhov chaw ntawm hluav taws xob, uas muaj feem xyuam rau tus neeg thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo.

Tawg koob tshuaj yog ntsuas nyob rau hauv greys thiab rads. Qhov no yog ib tug ncaj generalized units, xav hais tias cov nyhuv uas cov tib noj tshuaj npaum cas ntawm ntau hom ntawm hluav taws xob implies ntau yam lom puas tsuaj. Piv txwv li, ib koob tshuaj 1 rad alpha tawg ua ntau dua tshaj hais txog 20 sij hawm lom puas tshaj 1 rad gamma los yog beta tawg. tawg qauv kev ruaj ntseg zoo li lom los ntawm txawv yog xam siv qhov zoo tshaj ntawm cov tawg hom (cov txheeb ze lom miv nyuas siv zug) - tus nqi uas yog kwv yees li txiav txim siab.

Ib tug ntau lub hom phiaj kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov nyhuv ntawm hluav taws xob rau cov kev sia yog nqa tawm kev noj mus rau hauv tus account lub thiaj li hu ua sib npaug (zoo) koob tshuaj. Nws yog txiav txim los ntawm txawj cov absorbed koob tshuaj (nyob rau hauv rad) rau cov tawg zoo coefficient (CC), nws off-system unit xam tau tias yog yog lom. equiv. zoo siab (ntsoov). Nyob rau SR system yog qhia los ntawm qhov sib npaug koob sievert (Sv). 1 Sv = 1 J / kg = 1 gy 1 Sv = 100 ntsoov. Cov nqi ntawm hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv raws li tsau qauv rau tus neeg yog tsis ntau tshaj li 0.1 ntsoov (tshwj tsis yog rau tej yam ntuj tso qhov chaw ntawm hluav taws xob). Cov tub txawg ua hauj lwm nrog dag tawg qhov chaw (neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag, piv txwv li) yuav tsum tsis tau txais irradiation rau lub xyoo nyob rau hauv ntau heev ntawm 5 Azur.

Yog li, koj yuav tsum tau mus xam thiab muab piv rau cov tawg qauv. Muaj kuj yog ib tug ntau ntawm ib tug neeg txhais tau hais tias ntawm hluav taws xob ntsuas, muaj nyob rau hauv free muag. Yog hais tias muaj yog ib tug uas yuav ntawm thaum muaj xwm ceev qhov teeb meem yuav cov kev hem thawj ntawm hluav taws xob, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau koj nco ntsoov qhov yuav tsum tau rau koj tus kheej tiv thaiv cov khoom thiab sorbents.